From 59360607d113946b6511c0a20728de74543a0bcb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Myzel394 Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2025 22:52:54 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] feat: Copy over basic rules --- docs/Grammar/Cases/Accusative.md | 63 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ docs/Grammar/Cases/Dative.md | 45 ++++++++++++++++++ docs/Grammar/Cases/Genitive.md | 50 +++++++++++++++++++ docs/Grammar/Cases/Nominative.md | 14 ++++++ docs/Grammar/Cases/Prepositional.md | 66 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ docs/Grammar/Possesive_Pronouns.md | 74 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 6 files changed, 312 insertions(+) create mode 100644 docs/Grammar/Cases/Accusative.md create mode 100644 docs/Grammar/Cases/Dative.md create mode 100644 docs/Grammar/Cases/Genitive.md create mode 100644 docs/Grammar/Cases/Nominative.md create mode 100644 docs/Grammar/Cases/Prepositional.md create mode 100644 docs/Grammar/Possesive_Pronouns.md diff --git a/docs/Grammar/Cases/Accusative.md b/docs/Grammar/Cases/Accusative.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ad84366 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/Grammar/Cases/Accusative.md @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +# Accusative + +* Direct object of a verb + +### Nouns + +| Masculine | Feminine | Neutral | Plural | +|-------------------------------|-----------------------------------|-------------------------|------------------------------------------| +| Inanimate? -> No change | (ends in soft sign?) -> No change | Inanimate? -> No change | Inanimate? -> Use [nominative plural case](./Nominative.md) | +| (ends in consonant) -> add -а | -а -> -у | | Animate? -> Use [genitive plural case](./Genitive.md) | +| -й -> -я | -я -> -ю | | | +| -ь -> -я | | | | + +### Pronouns + +* Меня +* Тебя +* Его +* Её +* Нас +* Вас +* Их + +### Examples + +**I see a cat** + +Я вижу кошку + +(Я, видеть, кошка) + +--- + +**I read a book** + +Я читаю книгу + +(Я, читать, книга) + +--- + +**I love you** + +Я люблю тебя + +(Я, любить, ты) + +--- + +**I see them** + +Я вижу их + +(Я, видеть, они) + +--- + +**I love your cat** + +Я люблю твою кошку + +(Я, любить, твой, кошка) + diff --git a/docs/Grammar/Cases/Dative.md b/docs/Grammar/Cases/Dative.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f5bda05 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/Grammar/Cases/Dative.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +# Dative + +* Indirect object of a verb + +I give you flowers -> "you" is dative + + +### Nouns + +| Masculine | Feminine | Neutral | Plural | +|-------------------------------|-----------------------------------|-------------------------|------------------------------------------| +| (ends in consonant) -> add -у | -а -> -е | -о -> -у | (ends in consonant) -> add -ам | +| -й -> -ю | -я -> -е | -е -> -ю | -а or -о -> replace to -ам | +| -ь -> -ю | -ь -> -и | | else -> replace last letter with -ям | +| | -ия -> -ии | | | + +### Pronouns + +* Мне +* Тебе +* Ему (m) +* Ей (f) +* Ему (n) +* Нам +* Вам +* Им + +### When to use the Dative case + +1. It is used after the Russian verbs "Помогать" ("to help") and "Советоват" ("to advise"). (ie. instead of using the accusative case, as you may have expected). +2. With "Нравиться" ("to like"). Example : "Адаму нравится Москва" ("Adam likes Moscow"). +3. It is also used in conjuction with some other reflexive verbs (-ся). +4. When using the word "Нужен" (to need). (the word you would expect as the subject, is used in the dative). +5. To represent the concept of sending or communicating something. Like the English word "to". (example: write to, bring to, call (by telephone) to). +6. To express your age. + + +### Examples + +I give you flowers + +Я дам тебе цветы + +(Я, дать, тебе, цветок) + diff --git a/docs/Grammar/Cases/Genitive.md b/docs/Grammar/Cases/Genitive.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d6f0dc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/Grammar/Cases/Genitive.md @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +# Genitive + +* Amount + * One cat, two cats, five cats + * Один кот, два кота, пять котов +* Negation + * There is no cat + * Нет кота + +## Nouns + +### Singular + +| Masculine | Feminine | Neutral | +|-------------------------------|-----------------------------------|-------------------------| +| (ends in consonant) -> add -а | (Г, К, Х, Ж, Ч, Ш, Щ) + -а -> -и (otherwise) -а -> -ы | | +| -й -> -я | -ь -> -и | о -> а | +| -ь -> -я | -я -> -и | е -> я | +| | | мя -> мени | + +### Plurals + +| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | +|----------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|----------| +| (ends in consonant) -> -ов | | | +| (ends in ж, ч, ш or щ) -> -ей | | | +| -й -> -ев | -а -> - | -о -> - | +| -ь -> -ей | -я -> -ь | -е -> -ей | +| | -ия -> -ий | -ие -> -ий | +| | -ь -> -ей | | + + +## Examples + +I don't have a cat + +У меня нет кота + +(У меня, нет, кот) + +--- + +This is the door of the house + +Это дверь дома + +(Это, дверь, дом) + + + diff --git a/docs/Grammar/Cases/Nominative.md b/docs/Grammar/Cases/Nominative.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..08ce261 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/Grammar/Cases/Nominative.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Nominative Case + +* Base form of a noun +* Change the ending only when forming the plural + +## Plural + +| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | +|---------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|----------| +| (ends in consonant) -> -ы | | | +| -й -> -и | -я -> -и | -о -> -а | +| -ь -> -и | -ь -> -и | -е -> -я | +| | (Г, К, Х, Ж, Ч, Ш, Щ) + -а -> -и (otherwise) -а -> -ы | | + diff --git a/docs/Grammar/Cases/Prepositional.md b/docs/Grammar/Cases/Prepositional.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..678c35d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/Grammar/Cases/Prepositional.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +# Prepositional + +Use it after: + +* В +* На +* О + +## Nouns + +### Singular + +| Masculine | Feminine | Neutral | +|-------------------------------|-----------------------------------|-------------------------| +| add -е | -а -> -е | -о -> -е | +| Some nouns (mostly single syllable) “-у” (but not after preposition “о”) | | -я -> е | +| | | -ь -> и | + +### Plurals + +Take the nominative singular form and: + +* -а, -о, or ends with a consonant -> -ах +* otherwise replace last letter -> -ях + +## When to use "В" + +Generally, use it when you're talking about **something that is inside of something else**. + +### When something is inside + +* в доме +* в самолёте +* в квартире +* в столе + +### Continents, countries, cities, locations + +* в Европе +* в Америке + +## When to use "На" + +Generally, use it when you're talking about something that is **on a horizontal surface** or when you're talking about **a process**. + +### Surfaces + +* на столе +* на пляже +* на этаже + +### Processes + +* на уроке +* на работе +* на обеде + +### Directions + +* на севере +* на юге +* на западе +* на востоке + + + diff --git a/docs/Grammar/Possesive_Pronouns.md b/docs/Grammar/Possesive_Pronouns.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..67512e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/Grammar/Possesive_Pronouns.md @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +# Possessive Pronouns + +* Use possessive pronouns to show ownership + +For example: This is his cat + +## Singular + +### my + +| | Masculine | Feminine | Neutral | Plural | +|---|-----------|----------|---------|--------| +| Nominative Case | мой | моя | моё | мои | +| Genitive Case | моего | моей | моего | моих | +| Dative Case | моему | моей | моему | моим | +| Accusative Case | мой | мою | моё | мои | +| Instrumental Case | моим | моей | моим | моими | +| Prepositional Case | моём | моей | моём | моих | + +### your + +| | Masculine | Feminine | Neutral | Plural | +|---|-----------|----------|---------|--------| +| Nominative Case | твой | твоя | твоё | твои | +| Genitive Case | твоего | твоей | твоего | твоих | +| Dative Case | твоему | твоей | твоему | твоим | +| Accusative Case | твой | твою | твоё | твои | +| Instrumental Case | твоим | твоей | твоим | твоими | +| Prepositional Case | твоём | твоей | твоём | твоих | + +### his + +This is always: его + +### her + +This is always: её + +## Plural + +### our + +| | Masculine | Feminine | Neutral | Plural | +|---|-----------|----------|---------|--------| +| Nominative Case | наш | наша | наше | наши | +| Genitive Case | нашего | нашей | нашего | наших | +| Dative Case | нашему | нашей | нашему | нашим | +| Accusative Case | наш | нашу | наше | наши | +| Instrumental Case | нашим | нашей | нашим | нашими | +| Prepositional Case | нашем | нашей | нашем | наших | + +### your + +| | Masculine | Feminine | Neutral | Plural | +|---|-----------|----------|---------|--------| +| Nominative Case | ваш | ваша | ваше | ваши | +| Genitive Case | вашего | вашей | вашего | ваших | +| Dative Case | вашему | вашей | вашему | вашим | +| Accusative Case | ваш | вашу | ваше | ваши | +| Instrumental Case | вашим | вашей | вашим | вашими | +| Prepositional Case | вашем | вашей | вашем | ваших | + +### their + +This is always: их + +## Examples + +**This is my cat** + +Это моя кошка + +(Это, мой, кошка) +