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# Instrumental

## When to use the instrumental case

1. To indicate the means by which an action is performed.
    * I write with a pen
    * Я пишу ручкой
2. To indicate the person or thing with which something is done
    * I go with my friend
    * Я иду с другом

## Nouns

### Singular

| Masculine                     | Feminine                          | Neutral                 |
|-------------------------------|-----------------------------------|-------------------------|
| (ends in consonant) -> add -а | (Г, К, Х, Ж, Ч, Ш, Щ) + -а -> -и (otherwise) -а -> -ы |                         | 
| -й -> -я                      | -ь -> -и                          | о -> а                  |
| -ь -> -я                      | -я -> -и                          | е -> я                  |
|                               |                   | мя -> мени                       |

### Plurals

| Masculine                  | Feminine                                              | Neuter   |
|----------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|----------|
| (ends in consonant) -> -ов |                                                       |          |
| (ends in ж, ч, ш or щ) -> -ей |                                                       |          |
| -й -> -ев                  | -а -> -                                               | -о -> - |
| -ь -> -ей                  | -я -> -ь                                              | -е -> -ей |
|                            | -ия -> -ий                                             | -ие -> -ий |
|                            | -ь -> -ей                                              |          |


## Examples

I don't have a cat

У меня нет кота

(У меня, нет, кот)

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This is the door of the house

Это дверь дома

(Это, дверь, дом)