[test] traversal: Fix morsel tests for Python 3.14 (#13471 )

Authored by: Grub4K
[ie/hypergryph] Improve metadata extraction (#13415 )
2025-06-18 15:55:30 +02:00 · 2025-06-17 09:45:19 +02:00 · 2025-06-12 23:25:08 +00:00 · 2025-06-12 23:16:48 +00:00 · 2025-06-12 22:15:01 +00:00 · 2025-06-09 23:41:52 +00:00
118 changed files with 8127 additions and 2125 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ jobs:
        with:
          path: ./repo
      - name: Virtualized Install, Prepare & Build
-        uses: yt-dlp/run-on-arch-action@v2
+        uses: yt-dlp/run-on-arch-action@v3
        with:
          # Ref: https://github.com/uraimo/run-on-arch-action/issues/55
          env: |
@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ jobs:
        with:
          path: |
            ~/yt-dlp-build-venv
-          key: cache-reqs-${{ github.job }}
+          key: cache-reqs-${{ github.job }}-${{ github.ref }}

      - name: Install Requirements
        run: |
@ -331,19 +331,16 @@ jobs:
        if: steps.restore-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
        env:
          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          cache_key: cache-reqs-${{ github.job }}
-          repository: ${{ github.repository }}
-          branch: ${{ github.ref }}
+          cache_key: cache-reqs-${{ github.job }}-${{ github.ref }}
        run: |
-          gh extension install actions/gh-actions-cache
-          gh actions-cache delete "${cache_key}" -R "${repository}" -B "${branch}" --confirm
+          gh cache delete "${cache_key}"

      - name: Cache requirements
        uses: actions/cache/save@v4
        with:
          path: |
            ~/yt-dlp-build-venv
-          key: cache-reqs-${{ github.job }}
+          key: cache-reqs-${{ github.job }}-${{ github.ref }}

  macos_legacy:
    needs: process
@ -411,7 +408,7 @@ jobs:
        run: | # Custom pyinstaller built with https://github.com/yt-dlp/pyinstaller-builds
          python devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include build
          python devscripts/install_deps.py --include curl-cffi
-          python -m pip install -U "https://yt-dlp.github.io/Pyinstaller-Builds/x86_64/pyinstaller-6.11.1-py3-none-any.whl"
+          python -m pip install -U "https://yt-dlp.github.io/Pyinstaller-Builds/x86_64/pyinstaller-6.13.0-py3-none-any.whl"

      - name: Prepare
        run: |
@ -460,7 +457,7 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          python devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include build
          python devscripts/install_deps.py
-          python -m pip install -U "https://yt-dlp.github.io/Pyinstaller-Builds/i686/pyinstaller-6.11.1-py3-none-any.whl"
+          python -m pip install -U "https://yt-dlp.github.io/Pyinstaller-Builds/i686/pyinstaller-6.13.0-py3-none-any.whl"

      - name: Prepare
        run: |
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -105,6 +105,8 @@ README.txt
 *.zsh
 *.spec
 test/testdata/sigs/player-*.js
+test/testdata/thumbnails/empty.webp
+test/testdata/thumbnails/foo\ %d\ bar/foo_%d.*

 # Binary
 /youtube-dl
--- a/9
+++ b/9
@ -770,3 +770,12 @@ NeonMan
 pj47x
 troex
 WouterGordts
+baierjan
+GeoffreyFrogeye
+Pawka
+v3DJG6GL
+yozel
+brian6932
+iednod55
+maxbin123
+nullpos
--- a/Changelog.md
+++ b/Changelog.md
@ -4,6 +4,107 @@
 # To create a release, dispatch the https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/actions/workflows/release.yml workflow on master
 -->

+### 2025.06.09
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- [Improve JSON LD thumbnails extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/85c8a405e3651dc041b758f4744d4fb3c4c55e01) ([#13368](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13368)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [doe1080](https://github.com/doe1080)
+- **10play**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6d265388c6e943419ac99e9151cf75a3265f980f) ([#13349](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13349)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **adobepass**
+    - [Add Fubo MSO](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/eee90acc47d7f8de24afaa8b0271ccaefdf6e88c) ([#13131](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13131)) by [maxbin123](https://github.com/maxbin123)
+    - [Always add newer user-agent when required](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0ee1102268cf31b07f8a8318a47424c66b2f7378) ([#13131](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13131)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix Philo MSO authentication](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/943083edcd3df45aaa597a6967bc6c95b720f54c) ([#13335](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13335)) by [Sipherdrakon](https://github.com/Sipherdrakon)
+    - [Rework to require software statement](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/711c5d5d098fee2992a1a624b1c4b30364b91426) ([#13131](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13131)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [maxbin123](https://github.com/maxbin123)
+    - [Validate login URL before sending credentials](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/89c1b349ad81318d9d3bea76c01c891696e58d38) ([#13131](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13131)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **aenetworks**
+    - [Fix playlist extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f37d599a697e82fe68b423865897d55bae34f373) ([#13408](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13408)) by [Sipherdrakon](https://github.com/Sipherdrakon)
+    - [Fix provider-locked content extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6693d6603358ae6beca834dbd822a7917498b813) ([#13131](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13131)) by [maxbin123](https://github.com/maxbin123)
+- **bilibilibangumi**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/13e55162719528d42d2133e16b65ff59a667a6e4) ([#13416](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13416)) by [c-basalt](https://github.com/c-basalt)
+- **brightcove**: new: [Adapt to new AdobePass requirement](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/98f8eec956e3b16cb66a3d49cc71af3807db795e) ([#13131](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13131)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cu.ntv.co.jp**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/aa863ddab9b1d104678e9cf39bb76f5b14fca660) ([#13302](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13302)) by [doe1080](https://github.com/doe1080), [nullpos](https://github.com/nullpos)
+- **go**: [Fix provider-locked content extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2e5bf002dad16f5ce35aa2023d392c9e518fcd8f) ([#13131](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13131)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [maxbin123](https://github.com/maxbin123)
+- **nbc**: [Rework and adapt extractors to new AdobePass flow](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2d7949d5642bc37d1e71bf00c9a55260e5505d58) ([#13131](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13131)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **nobelprize**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/97ddfefeb4faba6e61cd80996c16952b8eab16f3) ([#13205](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13205)) by [doe1080](https://github.com/doe1080)
+- **odnoklassniki**: [Detect and raise when login is required](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/148a1eb4c59e127965396c7a6e6acf1979de459e) ([#13361](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13361)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **patreon**: [Fix m3u8 formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e0d6c0822930f6e63f574d46d946a58b73ecd10c) ([#13266](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13266)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly) (With fixes in [1a8a03e](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1a8a03ea8d827107319a18076ee3505090667c5a))
+- **podchaser**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/538eb305673c26bff6a2b12f1c96375fe02ce41a) ([#13271](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13271)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **sr**: mediathek: [Improve metadata extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e3c605a61f4cc2de9059f37434fa108c3c20f58e) ([#13294](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13294)) by [doe1080](https://github.com/doe1080)
+- **stacommu**: [Avoid partial stream formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5d96527be80dc1ed1702d9cd548ff86de570ad70) ([#13412](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13412)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **startrek**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a8bf0011bde92b3f1324a98bfbd38932fd3ebe18) ([#13188](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13188)) by [doe1080](https://github.com/doe1080)
+- **svt**: play: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e1b6062f8c4a3fa33c65269d48d09ec78de765a2) ([#13329](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13329)) by [barsnick](https://github.com/barsnick), [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **telecinco**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/03dba2012d9bd3f402fa8c2f122afba89bbd22a4) ([#13379](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13379)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **theplatform**: [Improve metadata extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ed108b3ea481c6a4b5215a9302ba92d74baa2425) ([#13131](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13131)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **toutiao**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f8051e3a61686c5db1de5f5746366ecfbc3ad20c) ([#13246](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13246)) by [doe1080](https://github.com/doe1080)
+- **turner**: [Adapt extractors to new AdobePass flow](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0daddc780d3ac5bebc3a3ec5b884d9243cbc0745) ([#13131](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13131)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **twitcasting**: [Fix password-protected livestream support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/52f9729c9a92ad4656d746ff0b1acecb87b3e96d) ([#13097](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13097)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **twitter**: broadcast: [Support events URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7794374de8afb20499b023107e2abfd4e6b93ee4) ([#13248](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13248)) by [doe1080](https://github.com/doe1080)
+- **umg**: de: [Rework extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4e7c1ea346b510280218b47e8653dbbca3a69870) ([#13373](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13373)) by [doe1080](https://github.com/doe1080)
+- **vice**: [Mark extractors as broken](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6121559e027a04574690799c1776bc42bb51af31) ([#13131](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13131)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **vimeo**: [Extract subtitles from player subdomain](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c723c4e5e78263df178dbe69844a3d05f3ef9e35) ([#13350](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13350)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **watchespn**: [Fix provider-locked content extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b094747e93cfb0a2c53007120e37d0d84d41f030) ([#13131](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13131)) by [maxbin123](https://github.com/maxbin123)
+- **weverse**: [Support login with oauth refresh tokens](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3fe72e9eea38d9a58211cde42cfaa577ce020e2c) ([#13284](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13284)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Add `tv_simply` player client](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1fd0e88b67db53ad163393d6965f68e908fa70e3) ([#13389](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13389)) by [gamer191](https://github.com/gamer191)
+    - [Extract srt subtitles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/231349786e8c42089c2e079ec94c0ea866c37999) ([#13411](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13411)) by [gamer191](https://github.com/gamer191)
+    - [Fix `--mark-watched` support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b5be29fa58ec98226e11621fd9c58585bcff6879) ([#13222](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13222)) by [brian6932](https://github.com/brian6932), [iednod55](https://github.com/iednod55)
+    - [Fix automatic captions for some client combinations](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/53ea743a9c158f8ca2d75a09ca44ba68606042d8) ([#13268](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13268)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Improve signature extraction debug output](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d30a49742cfa22e61c47df4ac0e7334d648fb85d) ([#13327](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13327)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Rework nsig function name extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9e38b273b7ac942e7e9fc05a651ed810ab7d30ba) ([#13403](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13403)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+    - [nsig code improvements and cleanup](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f7bbf5a617f9ab54ef51eaef99be36e175b5e9c3) ([#13280](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13280)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **zdf**: [Fix language extraction and format sorting](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/db162b76f6bdece50babe2e0cacfe56888c2e125) ([#13313](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13313)) by [InvalidUsernameException](https://github.com/InvalidUsernameException)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **build**
+    - [Exclude `pkg_resources` from being collected](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cc749a8a3b8b6e5c05318868c72a403f376a1b38) ([#13320](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13320)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix macOS requirements caching](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/201812100f315c6727a4418698d5b4e8a79863d4) ([#13328](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13328)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [339614a](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/339614a173c74b42d63e858c446a9cae262a13af) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **test**: postprocessors: [Remove binary thumbnail test data](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a9b370069838e84d44ac7ad095d657003665885a) ([#13341](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13341)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+### 2025.05.22
+
+#### Core changes
+- **cookies**: [Fix Linux desktop environment detection](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e491fd4d090db3af52a82863fb0553dd5e17fb85) ([#13197](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13197)) by [mbway](https://github.com/mbway)
+- **jsinterp**: [Fix increment/decrement evaluation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/167d7a9f0ffd1b4fe600193441bdb7358db2740b) ([#13238](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13238)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **1tv**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/41c0a1fb89628696f8bb88e2b9f3a68f355b8c26) ([#13168](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13168)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **amcnetworks**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/464c84fedf78eef822a431361155f108b5df96d7) ([#13147](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13147)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **bitchute**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1d0f6539c47e5d5c68c3c47cdb7075339e2885ac) ([#13081](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13081)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cartoonnetwork**: [Remove extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7dbb47f84f0ee1266a3a01f58c9bc4c76d76794a) ([#13148](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13148)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **iprima**: [Fix login support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a7d9a5eb79ceeecb851389f3f2c88597871ca3f2) ([#12937](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12937)) by [baierjan](https://github.com/baierjan)
+- **jiosaavn**
+    - artist: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/586b557b124f954d3f625360ebe970989022ad97) ([#12803](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12803)) by [subrat-lima](https://github.com/subrat-lima)
+    - playlist, show: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/317f4b8006c2c0f0f64f095b1485163ad97c9053) ([#12803](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12803)) by [subrat-lima](https://github.com/subrat-lima)
+    - show: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6839276496d8814cf16f58b637e45663467928e6) ([#12803](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12803)) by [subrat-lima](https://github.com/subrat-lima)
+- **lrtradio**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/abf58dcd6a09e14eec4ea82ae12f79a0337cb383) ([#13200](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13200)) by [Pawka](https://github.com/Pawka)
+- **nebula**: [Support `--mark-watched`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/20f288bdc2173c7cc58d709d25ca193c1f6001e7) ([#13120](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13120)) by [GeoffreyFrogeye](https://github.com/GeoffreyFrogeye)
+- **niconico**
+    - [Fix error handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f569be4602c2a857087e495d5d7ed6060cd97abe) ([#13236](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13236)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - live: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7a7b85c9014d96421e18aa7ea5f4c1bee5ceece0) ([#13045](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13045)) by [doe1080](https://github.com/doe1080)
+- **nytimesarticle**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b26bc32579c00ef579d75a835807ccc87d20ee0a) ([#13104](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13104)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **once**: [Remove extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f475e8b529d18efdad603ffda02a56e707fe0e2c) ([#13164](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13164)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **picarto**: vod: [Support `/profile/` video URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/31e090cb787f3504ec25485adff9a2a51d056734) ([#13227](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13227)) by [subrat-lima](https://github.com/subrat-lima)
+- **playsuisse**: [Improve metadata extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d880e060803ae8ed5a047e578cca01e1f0e630ce) ([#12466](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12466)) by [v3DJG6GL](https://github.com/v3DJG6GL)
+- **sprout**: [Remove extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cbcfe6378dde33a650e3852ab17ad4503b8e008d) ([#13149](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13149)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **svtpage**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ea8498ed534642dd7e925961b97b934987142fd3) ([#12957](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12957)) by [diman8](https://github.com/diman8)
+- **twitch**: [Support `--live-from-start`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/00b1bec55249cf2ad6271d36492c51b34b6459d1) ([#13202](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13202)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **vimeo**: event: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/545c1a5b6f2fe88722b41aef0e7485bf3be3f3f9) ([#13216](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13216)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **wat.tv**: [Improve error handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f123cc83b3aea45053f5fa1d9141048b01fc2774) ([#13111](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13111)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **weverse**: [Fix live extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5328eda8820cc5f21dcf917684d23fbdca41831d) ([#13084](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13084)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **xinpianchang**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/83fabf352489d52843f67e6e9cc752db86d27e6e) ([#13245](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13245)) by [garret1317](https://github.com/garret1317)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Add PO token support for subtitles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/32ed5f107c6c641958d1cd2752e130de4db55a13) ([#13234](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13234)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Add `web_embedded` client for age-restricted videos](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0feec6dc131f488428bf881519e7c69766fbb9ae) ([#13089](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13089)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Add a PO Token Provider Framework](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2685654a37141cca63eda3a92da0e2706e23ccfd) ([#12840](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12840)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Extract `media_type` for all videos](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ded11ebc9afba6ba33923375103e9be2d7c804e7) ([#13136](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13136)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix `--live-from-start` support for premieres](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8f303afb43395be360cafd7ad4ce2b6e2eedfb8a) ([#13079](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13079)) by [arabcoders](https://github.com/arabcoders)
+    - [Fix geo-restriction error handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c7e575e31608c19c5b26c10a4229db89db5fc9a8) ([#13217](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13217)) by [yozel](https://github.com/yozel)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **build**
+    - [Bump PyInstaller to v6.13.0](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/17cf9088d0d535e4a7feffbf02bd49cd9dae5ab9) ([#13082](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13082)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Bump run-on-arch-action to v3](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9064d2482d1fe722bbb4a49731fe0711c410d1c8) ([#13088](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13088)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [7977b32](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7977b329ed97b216e37bd402f4935f28c00eac9e) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
 ### 2025.04.30

 #### Important changes
--- a/5
+++ b/5
@ -18,10 +18,11 @@ pypi-files: AUTHORS Changelog.md LICENSE README.md README.txt supportedsites \
        tar pypi-files lazy-extractors install uninstall

 clean-test:
-	rm -rf test/testdata/sigs/player-*.js tmp/ *.annotations.xml *.aria2 *.description *.dump *.frag \
+	rm -rf tmp/ *.annotations.xml *.aria2 *.description *.dump *.frag \
 	*.frag.aria2 *.frag.urls *.info.json *.live_chat.json *.meta *.part* *.tmp *.temp *.unknown_video *.ytdl \
 	*.3gp *.ape *.ass *.avi *.desktop *.f4v *.flac *.flv *.gif *.jpeg *.jpg *.lrc *.m4a *.m4v *.mhtml *.mkv *.mov *.mp3 *.mp4 \
-	*.mpg *.mpga *.oga *.ogg *.opus *.png *.sbv *.srt *.ssa *.swf *.tt *.ttml *.url *.vtt *.wav *.webloc *.webm *.webp
+	*.mpg *.mpga *.oga *.ogg *.opus *.png *.sbv *.srt *.ssa *.swf *.tt *.ttml *.url *.vtt *.wav *.webloc *.webm *.webp \
+	test/testdata/sigs/player-*.js test/testdata/thumbnails/empty.webp "test/testdata/thumbnails/foo %d bar/foo_%d."*
 clean-dist:
 	rm -rf yt-dlp.1.temp.md yt-dlp.1 README.txt MANIFEST build/ dist/ .coverage cover/ yt-dlp.tar.gz completions/ \
 	yt_dlp/extractor/lazy_extractors.py *.spec CONTRIBUTING.md.tmp yt-dlp yt-dlp.exe yt_dlp.egg-info/ AUTHORS
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ yt-dlp is a feature-rich command-line audio/video downloader with support for [t
    * [Post-processing Options](#post-processing-options)
    * [SponsorBlock Options](#sponsorblock-options)
    * [Extractor Options](#extractor-options)
+    * [Preset Aliases](#preset-aliases)
 * [CONFIGURATION](#configuration)
    * [Configuration file encoding](#configuration-file-encoding)
    * [Authentication with netrc](#authentication-with-netrc)
@ -348,8 +349,8 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
    --no-flat-playlist              Fully extract the videos of a playlist
                                    (default)
    --live-from-start               Download livestreams from the start.
-                                    Currently only supported for YouTube
-                                    (Experimental)
+                                    Currently experimental and only supported
+                                    for YouTube and Twitch
    --no-live-from-start            Download livestreams from the current time
                                    (default)
    --wait-for-video MIN[-MAX]      Wait for scheduled streams to become
@ -375,12 +376,12 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                    an alias starts with a dash "-", it is
                                    prefixed with "--". Arguments are parsed
                                    according to the Python string formatting
-                                    mini-language. E.g. --alias get-audio,-X
-                                    "-S=aext:{0},abr -x --audio-format {0}"
-                                    creates options "--get-audio" and "-X" that
-                                    takes an argument (ARG0) and expands to
-                                    "-S=aext:ARG0,abr -x --audio-format ARG0".
-                                    All defined aliases are listed in the --help
+                                    mini-language. E.g. --alias get-audio,-X "-S
+                                    aext:{0},abr -x --audio-format {0}" creates
+                                    options "--get-audio" and "-X" that takes an
+                                    argument (ARG0) and expands to "-S
+                                    aext:ARG0,abr -x --audio-format ARG0". All
+                                    defined aliases are listed in the --help
                                    output. Alias options can trigger more
                                    aliases; so be careful to avoid defining
                                    recursive options. As a safety measure, each
@ -1105,6 +1106,10 @@ Make chapter entries for, or remove various segments (sponsor,
                                    arguments for different extractors

 ## Preset Aliases:
+Predefined aliases for convenience and ease of use. Note that future
+    versions of yt-dlp may add or adjust presets, but the existing preset
+    names will not be changed or removed
+
    -t mp3                          -f 'ba[acodec^=mp3]/ba/b' -x --audio-format
                                    mp3

@ -1790,11 +1795,12 @@ Note: In CLI, `ARG` can use `-` instead of `_`; e.g. `youtube:player-client"` be
 The following extractors use this feature:

 #### youtube
-* `lang`: Prefer translated metadata (`title`, `description` etc) of this language code (case-sensitive). By default, the video primary language metadata is preferred, with a fallback to `en` translated. See [youtube.py](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/c26f9b991a0681fd3ea548d535919cec1fbbd430/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py#L381-L390) for list of supported content language codes
+* `lang`: Prefer translated metadata (`title`, `description` etc) of this language code (case-sensitive). By default, the video primary language metadata is preferred, with a fallback to `en` translated. See [youtube/_base.py](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/415b4c9f955b1a0391204bd24a7132590e7b3bdb/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_base.py#L402-L409) for the list of supported content language codes
 * `skip`: One or more of `hls`, `dash` or `translated_subs` to skip extraction of the m3u8 manifests, dash manifests and [auto-translated subtitles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/4090#issuecomment-1158102032) respectively
-* `player_client`: Clients to extract video data from. The currently available clients are `web`, `web_safari`, `web_embedded`, `web_music`, `web_creator`, `mweb`, `ios`, `android`, `android_vr`, `tv` and `tv_embedded`. By default, `tv,ios,web` is used, or `tv,web` is used when authenticating with cookies. The `web_music` client is added for `music.youtube.com` URLs when logged-in cookies are used. The `tv_embedded` and `web_creator` clients are added for age-restricted videos if account age-verification is required. Some clients, such as `web` and `web_music`, require a `po_token` for their formats to be downloadable. Some clients, such as `web_creator`, will only work with authentication. Not all clients support authentication via cookies. You can use `default` for the default clients, or you can use `all` for all clients (not recommended). You can prefix a client with `-` to exclude it, e.g. `youtube:player_client=default,-ios`
+* `player_client`: Clients to extract video data from. The currently available clients are `web`, `web_safari`, `web_embedded`, `web_music`, `web_creator`, `mweb`, `ios`, `android`, `android_vr`, `tv`, `tv_simply` and `tv_embedded`. By default, `tv,ios,web` is used, or `tv,web` is used when authenticating with cookies. The `web_music` client is added for `music.youtube.com` URLs when logged-in cookies are used. The `web_embedded` client is added for age-restricted videos but only works if the video is embeddable. The `tv_embedded` and `web_creator` clients are added for age-restricted videos if account age-verification is required. Some clients, such as `web` and `web_music`, require a `po_token` for their formats to be downloadable. Some clients, such as `web_creator`, will only work with authentication. Not all clients support authentication via cookies. You can use `default` for the default clients, or you can use `all` for all clients (not recommended). You can prefix a client with `-` to exclude it, e.g. `youtube:player_client=default,-ios`
 * `player_skip`: Skip some network requests that are generally needed for robust extraction. One or more of `configs` (skip client configs), `webpage` (skip initial webpage), `js` (skip js player), `initial_data` (skip initial data/next ep request). While these options can help reduce the number of requests needed or avoid some rate-limiting, they could cause issues such as missing formats or metadata.  See [#860](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/860) and [#12826](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12826) for more details
 * `player_params`: YouTube player parameters to use for player requests. Will overwrite any default ones set by yt-dlp.
+* `player_js_variant`: The player javascript variant to use for signature and nsig deciphering. The known variants are: `main`, `tce`, `tv`, `tv_es6`, `phone`, `tablet`. Only `main` is recommended as a possible workaround; the others are for debugging purposes. The default is to use what is prescribed by the site, and can be selected with `actual`
 * `comment_sort`: `top` or `new` (default) - choose comment sorting mode (on YouTube's side)
 * `max_comments`: Limit the amount of comments to gather. Comma-separated list of integers representing `max-comments,max-parents,max-replies,max-replies-per-thread`. Default is `all,all,all,all`
    * E.g. `all,all,1000,10` will get a maximum of 1000 replies total, with up to 10 replies per thread. `1000,all,100` will get a maximum of 1000 comments, with a maximum of 100 replies total
@ -1804,8 +1810,12 @@ The following extractors use this feature:
 * `raise_incomplete_data`: `Incomplete Data Received` raises an error instead of reporting a warning
 * `data_sync_id`: Overrides the account Data Sync ID used in Innertube API requests. This may be needed if you are using an account with `youtube:player_skip=webpage,configs` or `youtubetab:skip=webpage`
 * `visitor_data`: Overrides the Visitor Data used in Innertube API requests. This should be used with `player_skip=webpage,configs` and without cookies. Note: this may have adverse effects if used improperly. If a session from a browser is wanted, you should pass cookies instead (which contain the Visitor ID)
-* `po_token`:  Proof of Origin (PO) Token(s) to use. Comma seperated list of PO Tokens in the format `CLIENT.CONTEXT+PO_TOKEN`, e.g. `youtube:po_token=web.gvs+XXX,web.player=XXX,web_safari.gvs+YYY`. Context can be either `gvs` (Google Video Server URLs) or `player` (Innertube player request)
-* `player_js_variant`: The player javascript variant to use for signature and nsig deciphering. The known variants are: `main`, `tce`, `tv`, `tv_es6`, `phone`, `tablet`. Only `main` is recommended as a possible workaround; the others are for debugging purposes. The default is to use what is prescribed by the site, and can be selected with `actual`
+* `po_token`:  Proof of Origin (PO) Token(s) to use. Comma seperated list of PO Tokens in the format `CLIENT.CONTEXT+PO_TOKEN`, e.g. `youtube:po_token=web.gvs+XXX,web.player=XXX,web_safari.gvs+YYY`. Context can be any of `gvs` (Google Video Server URLs), `player` (Innertube player request) or `subs` (Subtitles)
+* `pot_trace`: Enable debug logging for PO Token fetching. Either `true` or `false` (default)
+* `fetch_pot`: Policy to use for fetching a PO Token from providers. One of `always` (always try fetch a PO Token regardless if the client requires one for the given context), `never` (never fetch a PO Token), or `auto` (default; only fetch a PO Token if the client requires one for the given context)
+
+#### youtubepot-webpo
+* `bind_to_visitor_id`: Whether to use the Visitor ID instead of Visitor Data for caching WebPO tokens. Either `true` (default) or `false`

 #### youtubetab (YouTube playlists, channels, feeds, etc.)
 * `skip`: One or more of `webpage` (skip initial webpage download), `authcheck` (allow the download of playlists requiring authentication when no initial webpage is downloaded. This may cause unwanted behavior, see [#1122](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/1122) for more details)
--- a/bundle/docker/static/entrypoint.sh
+++ b/bundle/docker/static/entrypoint.sh
@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 set -e

 source ~/.local/share/pipx/venvs/pyinstaller/bin/activate
+python -m devscripts.install_deps -o --include build
 python -m devscripts.install_deps --include secretstorage --include curl-cffi
 python -m devscripts.make_lazy_extractors
 python devscripts/update-version.py -c "${channel}" -r "${origin}" "${version}"
--- a/bundle/pyinstaller.py
+++ b/bundle/pyinstaller.py
@ -36,6 +36,9 @@ def main():
        f'--name={name}',
        '--icon=devscripts/logo.ico',
        '--upx-exclude=vcruntime140.dll',
+        # Ref: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13311
+        #      https://github.com/pyinstaller/pyinstaller/issues/9149
+        '--exclude-module=pkg_resources',
        '--noconfirm',
        '--additional-hooks-dir=yt_dlp/__pyinstaller',
        *opts,
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ build = [
    "build",
    "hatchling",
    "pip",
-    "setuptools>=71.0.2",  # 71.0.0 broke pyinstaller
+    "setuptools>=71.0.2,<81",  # See https://github.com/pyinstaller/pyinstaller/issues/9149
    "wheel",
 ]
 dev = [
@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ test = [
    "pytest-rerunfailures~=14.0",
 ]
 pyinstaller = [
-    "pyinstaller>=6.11.1",  # Windows temp cleanup fixed in 6.11.1
+    "pyinstaller>=6.13.0",  # Windows temp cleanup fixed in 6.13.0
 ]

 [project.urls]
--- a/supportedsites.md
+++ b/supportedsites.md
@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ If a site is not listed here, it might still be supported by yt-dlp's embed extr
 Not all sites listed here are guaranteed to work; websites are constantly changing and sometimes this breaks yt-dlp's support for them.
 The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.

+ - **10play**: [*10play*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **10play:season**
 - **17live**
 - **17live:clip**
 - **17live:vod**
@ -246,7 +248,6 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **Canalplus**: mycanal.fr and piwiplus.fr
 - **Canalsurmas**
 - **CaracolTvPlay**: [*caracoltv-play*](## "netrc machine")
- - **CartoonNetwork**
 - **cbc.ca**
 - **cbc.ca:player**
 - **cbc.ca:player:playlist**
@ -296,7 +297,7 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **CNNIndonesia**
 - **ComedyCentral**
 - **ComedyCentralTV**
- - **ConanClassic**
+ - **ConanClassic**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **CondeNast**: Condé Nast media group: Allure, Architectural Digest, Ars Technica, Bon Appétit, Brides, Condé Nast, Condé Nast Traveler, Details, Epicurious, GQ, Glamour, Golf Digest, SELF, Teen Vogue, The New Yorker, Vanity Fair, Vogue, W Magazine, WIRED
 - **CONtv**
 - **CookingChannel**
@ -318,7 +319,7 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **CtsNews**: 華視新聞
 - **CTV**
 - **CTVNews**
- - **cu.ntv.co.jp**: Nippon Television Network
+ - **cu.ntv.co.jp**: 日テレ無料TADA!
 - **CultureUnplugged**
 - **curiositystream**: [*curiositystream*](## "netrc machine")
 - **curiositystream:collections**: [*curiositystream*](## "netrc machine")
@ -649,7 +650,10 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **jiocinema**: [*jiocinema*](## "netrc machine")
 - **jiocinema:series**: [*jiocinema*](## "netrc machine")
 - **jiosaavn:album**
+ - **jiosaavn:artist**
 - **jiosaavn:playlist**
+ - **jiosaavn:show**
+ - **jiosaavn:show:playlist**
 - **jiosaavn:song**
 - **Joj**
 - **JoqrAg**: 超!A&G+ 文化放送 (f.k.a. AGQR) Nippon Cultural Broadcasting, Inc. (JOQR)
@ -880,19 +884,19 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **Naver**
 - **Naver:live**
 - **navernow**
- - **nba**
- - **nba:channel**
- - **nba:embed**
- - **nba:watch**
- - **nba:watch:collection**
- - **nba:watch:embed**
+ - **nba**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **nba:channel**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **nba:embed**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **nba:watch**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **nba:watch:collection**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **nba:watch:embed**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **NBC**
 - **NBCNews**
 - **nbcolympics**
- - **nbcolympics:stream**
- - **NBCSports**
- - **NBCSportsStream**
- - **NBCSportsVPlayer**
+ - **nbcolympics:stream**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **NBCSports**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **NBCSportsStream**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **NBCSportsVPlayer**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **NBCStations**
 - **ndr**: NDR.de - Norddeutscher Rundfunk
 - **ndr:embed**
@ -968,7 +972,7 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **Nitter**
 - **njoy**: N-JOY
 - **njoy:embed**
- - **NobelPrize**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **NobelPrize**
 - **NoicePodcast**
 - **NonkTube**
 - **NoodleMagazine**
@ -1081,8 +1085,8 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **Photobucket**
 - **PiaLive**
 - **Piapro**: [*piapro*](## "netrc machine")
- - **Picarto**
- - **PicartoVod**
+ - **picarto**
+ - **picarto:vod**
 - **Piksel**
 - **Pinkbike**
 - **Pinterest**
@ -1390,16 +1394,15 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **Spreaker**
 - **SpreakerShow**
 - **SpringboardPlatform**
- - **Sprout**
 - **SproutVideo**
- - **sr:mediathek**: Saarländischer Rundfunk (**Currently broken**)
+ - **sr:mediathek**: Saarländischer Rundfunk
 - **SRGSSR**
 - **SRGSSRPlay**: srf.ch, rts.ch, rsi.ch, rtr.ch and swissinfo.ch play sites
 - **StacommuLive**: [*stacommu*](## "netrc machine")
 - **StacommuVOD**: [*stacommu*](## "netrc machine")
 - **StagePlusVODConcert**: [*stageplus*](## "netrc machine")
 - **stanfordoc**: Stanford Open ClassRoom
- - **StarTrek**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **startrek**: STAR TREK
 - **startv**
 - **Steam**
 - **SteamCommunityBroadcast**
@ -1422,12 +1425,11 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **SunPorno**
 - **sverigesradio:episode**
 - **sverigesradio:publication**
- - **SVT**
- - **SVTPage**
- - **SVTPlay**: SVT Play and Öppet arkiv
- - **SVTSeries**
+ - **svt:page**
+ - **svt:play**: SVT Play and Öppet arkiv
+ - **svt:play:series**
 - **SwearnetEpisode**
- - **Syfy**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **Syfy**
 - **SYVDK**
 - **SztvHu**
 - **t-online.de**: (**Currently broken**)
@ -1471,8 +1473,6 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **Telewebion**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **Tempo**
 - **TennisTV**: [*tennistv*](## "netrc machine")
- - **TenPlay**: [*10play*](## "netrc machine")
- - **TenPlaySeason**
 - **TF1**
 - **TFO**
 - **theatercomplextown:ppv**: [*theatercomplextown*](## "netrc machine")
@ -1510,6 +1510,7 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **tokfm:podcast**
 - **ToonGoggles**
 - **tou.tv**: [*toutv*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **toutiao**: 今日头条
 - **Toypics**: Toypics video (**Currently broken**)
 - **ToypicsUser**: Toypics user profile (**Currently broken**)
 - **TrailerAddict**: (**Currently broken**)
@ -1599,7 +1600,7 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **UKTVPlay**
 - **UlizaPlayer**
 - **UlizaPortal**: ulizaportal.jp
- - **umg:de**: Universal Music Deutschland (**Currently broken**)
+ - **umg:de**: Universal Music Deutschland
 - **Unistra**
 - **Unity**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **uol.com.br**
@ -1622,9 +1623,9 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **VGTV**: VGTV, BTTV, FTV, Aftenposten and Aftonbladet
 - **vh1.com**
 - **vhx:embed**: [*vimeo*](## "netrc machine")
- - **vice**
- - **vice:article**
- - **vice:show**
+ - **vice**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **vice:article**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **vice:show**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **Viddler**
 - **Videa**
 - **video.arnes.si**: Arnes Video
@ -1656,6 +1657,7 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **vimeo**: [*vimeo*](## "netrc machine")
 - **vimeo:album**: [*vimeo*](## "netrc machine")
 - **vimeo:channel**: [*vimeo*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **vimeo:event**: [*vimeo*](## "netrc machine")
 - **vimeo:group**: [*vimeo*](## "netrc machine")
 - **vimeo:likes**: [*vimeo*](## "netrc machine") Vimeo user likes
 - **vimeo:ondemand**: [*vimeo*](## "netrc machine")
--- a/test/test_InfoExtractor.py
+++ b/test/test_InfoExtractor.py
@ -314,6 +314,20 @@ class TestInfoExtractor(unittest.TestCase):
                },
                {},
            ),
+            (
+                # test thumbnail_url key without URL scheme
+                r'''
+<script type="application/ld+json">
+{
+"@context": "https://schema.org",
+"@type": "VideoObject",
+"thumbnail_url": "//www.nobelprize.org/images/12693-landscape-medium-gallery.jpg"
+}</script>''',
+                {
+                    'thumbnails': [{'url': 'https://www.nobelprize.org/images/12693-landscape-medium-gallery.jpg'}],
+                },
+                {},
+            ),
        ]
        for html, expected_dict, search_json_ld_kwargs in _TESTS:
            expect_dict(
@ -1933,6 +1947,137 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
            self.assertEqual(self.ie._search_nextjs_data('', None, default='{}'), {})

+    def test_search_nuxt_json(self):
+        HTML_TMPL = '<script data-ssr="true" id="__NUXT_DATA__" type="application/json">[{}]</script>'
+        VALID_DATA = '''
+            ["ShallowReactive",1],
+            {"data":2,"state":21,"once":25,"_errors":28,"_server_errors":30},
+            ["ShallowReactive",3],
+            {"$abcdef123456":4},
+            {"podcast":5,"activeEpisodeData":7},
+            {"podcast":6,"seasons":14},
+            {"title":10,"id":11},
+            ["Reactive",8],
+            {"episode":9,"creators":18,"empty_list":20},
+            {"title":12,"id":13,"refs":34,"empty_refs":35},
+            "Series Title",
+            "podcast-id-01",
+            "Episode Title",
+            "episode-id-99",
+            [15,16,17],
+            1,
+            2,
+            3,
+            [19],
+            "Podcast Creator",
+            [],
+            {"$ssite-config":22},
+            {"env":23,"name":24,"map":26,"numbers":14},
+            "production",
+            "podcast-website",
+            ["Set"],
+            ["Reactive",27],
+            ["Map"],
+            ["ShallowReactive",29],
+            {},
+            ["NuxtError",31],
+            {"status":32,"message":33},
+            503,
+            "Service Unavailable",
+            [36,37],
+            [38,39],
+            ["Ref",40],
+            ["ShallowRef",41],
+            ["EmptyRef",42],
+            ["EmptyShallowRef",43],
+            "ref",
+            "shallow_ref",
+            "{\\"ref\\":1}",
+            "{\\"shallow_ref\\":2}"
+        '''
+        PAYLOAD = {
+            'data': {
+                '$abcdef123456': {
+                    'podcast': {
+                        'podcast': {
+                            'title': 'Series Title',
+                            'id': 'podcast-id-01',
+                        },
+                        'seasons': [1, 2, 3],
+                    },
+                    'activeEpisodeData': {
+                        'episode': {
+                            'title': 'Episode Title',
+                            'id': 'episode-id-99',
+                            'refs': ['ref', 'shallow_ref'],
+                            'empty_refs': [{'ref': 1}, {'shallow_ref': 2}],
+                        },
+                        'creators': ['Podcast Creator'],
+                        'empty_list': [],
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+            'state': {
+                '$ssite-config': {
+                    'env': 'production',
+                    'name': 'podcast-website',
+                    'map': [],
+                    'numbers': [1, 2, 3],
+                },
+            },
+            'once': [],
+            '_errors': {},
+            '_server_errors': {
+                'status': 503,
+                'message': 'Service Unavailable',
+            },
+        }
+        PARTIALLY_INVALID = [(
+            '''
+            {"data":1},
+            {"invalid_raw_list":2},
+            [15,16,17]
+            ''',
+            {'data': {'invalid_raw_list': [None, None, None]}},
+        ), (
+            '''
+            {"data":1},
+            ["EmptyRef",2],
+            "not valid JSON"
+            ''',
+            {'data': None},
+        ), (
+            '''
+            {"data":1},
+            ["EmptyShallowRef",2],
+            "not valid JSON"
+            ''',
+            {'data': None},
+        )]
+        INVALID = [
+            '''
+                []
+            ''',
+            '''
+                ["unsupported",1],
+                {"data":2},
+                {}
+            ''',
+        ]
+        DEFAULT = object()
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.ie._search_nuxt_json(HTML_TMPL.format(VALID_DATA), None), PAYLOAD)
+        self.assertEqual(self.ie._search_nuxt_json('', None, fatal=False), {})
+        self.assertIs(self.ie._search_nuxt_json('', None, default=DEFAULT), DEFAULT)
+
+        for data, expected in PARTIALLY_INVALID:
+            self.assertEqual(
+                self.ie._search_nuxt_json(HTML_TMPL.format(data), None, fatal=False), expected)
+
+        for data in INVALID:
+            self.assertIs(
+                self.ie._search_nuxt_json(HTML_TMPL.format(data), None, default=DEFAULT), DEFAULT)
+

 if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()
--- a/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
+++ b/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
@ -1435,6 +1435,27 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):
        FakeYDL().close()
        assert all_plugins_loaded.value

+    def test_close_hooks(self):
+        # Should call all registered close hooks on close
+        close_hook_called = False
+        close_hook_two_called = False
+
+        def close_hook():
+            nonlocal close_hook_called
+            close_hook_called = True
+
+        def close_hook_two():
+            nonlocal close_hook_two_called
+            close_hook_two_called = True
+
+        ydl = FakeYDL()
+        ydl.add_close_hook(close_hook)
+        ydl.add_close_hook(close_hook_two)
+
+        ydl.close()
+        self.assertTrue(close_hook_called, 'Close hook was not called')
+        self.assertTrue(close_hook_two_called, 'Close hook two was not called')
+

 if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()
--- a/test/test_cookies.py
+++ b/test/test_cookies.py
@ -58,6 +58,14 @@ class TestCookies(unittest.TestCase):
            ({'DESKTOP_SESSION': 'kde'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE3),
            ({'DESKTOP_SESSION': 'xfce'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.XFCE),

+            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'my_custom_de', 'DESKTOP_SESSION': 'gnome'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME),
+            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'my_custom_de', 'DESKTOP_SESSION': 'mate'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME),
+            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'my_custom_de', 'DESKTOP_SESSION': 'kde4'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE4),
+            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'my_custom_de', 'DESKTOP_SESSION': 'kde'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE3),
+            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'my_custom_de', 'DESKTOP_SESSION': 'xfce'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.XFCE),
+
+            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'my_custom_de', 'DESKTOP_SESSION': 'my_custom_de', 'GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID': 1}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME),
+
            ({'GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID': 1}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME),
            ({'KDE_FULL_SESSION': 1}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE3),
            ({'KDE_FULL_SESSION': 1, 'DESKTOP_SESSION': 'kde4'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE4),
--- a/test/test_devalue.py
+++ b/test/test_devalue.py
@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Allow direct execution
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
+
+
+import datetime as dt
+import json
+import math
+import re
+import unittest
+
+from yt_dlp.utils.jslib import devalue
+
+
+TEST_CASES_EQUALS = [{
+    'name': 'int',
+    'unparsed': [-42],
+    'parsed': -42,
+}, {
+    'name': 'str',
+    'unparsed': ['woo!!!'],
+    'parsed': 'woo!!!',
+}, {
+    'name': 'Number',
+    'unparsed': [['Object', 42]],
+    'parsed': 42,
+}, {
+    'name': 'String',
+    'unparsed': [['Object', 'yar']],
+    'parsed': 'yar',
+}, {
+    'name': 'Infinity',
+    'unparsed': -4,
+    'parsed': math.inf,
+}, {
+    'name': 'negative Infinity',
+    'unparsed': -5,
+    'parsed': -math.inf,
+}, {
+    'name': 'negative zero',
+    'unparsed': -6,
+    'parsed': -0.0,
+}, {
+    'name': 'RegExp',
+    'unparsed': [['RegExp', 'regexp', 'gim']],  # XXX: flags are ignored
+    'parsed': re.compile('regexp'),
+}, {
+    'name': 'Date',
+    'unparsed': [['Date', '2001-09-09T01:46:40.000Z']],
+    'parsed': dt.datetime.fromtimestamp(1e9, tz=dt.timezone.utc),
+}, {
+    'name': 'Array',
+    'unparsed': [[1, 2, 3], 'a', 'b', 'c'],
+    'parsed': ['a', 'b', 'c'],
+}, {
+    'name': 'Array (empty)',
+    'unparsed': [[]],
+    'parsed': [],
+}, {
+    'name': 'Array (sparse)',
+    'unparsed': [[-2, 1, -2], 'b'],
+    'parsed': [None, 'b', None],
+}, {
+    'name': 'Object',
+    'unparsed': [{'foo': 1, 'x-y': 2}, 'bar', 'z'],
+    'parsed': {'foo': 'bar', 'x-y': 'z'},
+}, {
+    'name': 'Set',
+    'unparsed': [['Set', 1, 2, 3], 1, 2, 3],
+    'parsed': [1, 2, 3],
+}, {
+    'name': 'Map',
+    'unparsed': [['Map', 1, 2], 'a', 'b'],
+    'parsed': [['a', 'b']],
+}, {
+    'name': 'BigInt',
+    'unparsed': [['BigInt', '1']],
+    'parsed': 1,
+}, {
+    'name': 'Uint8Array',
+    'unparsed': [['Uint8Array', 'AQID']],
+    'parsed': [1, 2, 3],
+}, {
+    'name': 'ArrayBuffer',
+    'unparsed': [['ArrayBuffer', 'AQID']],
+    'parsed': [1, 2, 3],
+}, {
+    'name': 'str (repetition)',
+    'unparsed': [[1, 1], 'a string'],
+    'parsed': ['a string', 'a string'],
+}, {
+    'name': 'None (repetition)',
+    'unparsed': [[1, 1], None],
+    'parsed': [None, None],
+}, {
+    'name': 'dict (repetition)',
+    'unparsed': [[1, 1], {}],
+    'parsed': [{}, {}],
+}, {
+    'name': 'Object without prototype',
+    'unparsed': [['null']],
+    'parsed': {},
+}, {
+    'name': 'cross-realm POJO',
+    'unparsed': [{}],
+    'parsed': {},
+}]
+
+TEST_CASES_IS = [{
+    'name': 'bool',
+    'unparsed': [True],
+    'parsed': True,
+}, {
+    'name': 'Boolean',
+    'unparsed': [['Object', False]],
+    'parsed': False,
+}, {
+    'name': 'undefined',
+    'unparsed': -1,
+    'parsed': None,
+}, {
+    'name': 'null',
+    'unparsed': [None],
+    'parsed': None,
+}, {
+    'name': 'NaN',
+    'unparsed': -3,
+    'parsed': math.nan,
+}]
+
+TEST_CASES_INVALID = [{
+    'name': 'empty string',
+    'unparsed': '',
+    'error': ValueError,
+    'pattern': r'expected int or list as input',
+}, {
+    'name': 'hole',
+    'unparsed': -2,
+    'error': ValueError,
+    'pattern': r'invalid integer input',
+}, {
+    'name': 'string',
+    'unparsed': 'hello',
+    'error': ValueError,
+    'pattern': r'expected int or list as input',
+}, {
+    'name': 'number',
+    'unparsed': 42,
+    'error': ValueError,
+    'pattern': r'invalid integer input',
+}, {
+    'name': 'boolean',
+    'unparsed': True,
+    'error': ValueError,
+    'pattern': r'expected int or list as input',
+}, {
+    'name': 'null',
+    'unparsed': None,
+    'error': ValueError,
+    'pattern': r'expected int or list as input',
+}, {
+    'name': 'object',
+    'unparsed': {},
+    'error': ValueError,
+    'pattern': r'expected int or list as input',
+}, {
+    'name': 'empty array',
+    'unparsed': [],
+    'error': ValueError,
+    'pattern': r'expected a non-empty list as input',
+}, {
+    'name': 'Python negative indexing',
+    'unparsed': [[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, -7], 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
+    'error': IndexError,
+    'pattern': r'invalid index: -7',
+}]
+
+
+class TestDevalue(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_devalue_parse_equals(self):
+        for tc in TEST_CASES_EQUALS:
+            self.assertEqual(devalue.parse(tc['unparsed']), tc['parsed'], tc['name'])
+
+    def test_devalue_parse_is(self):
+        for tc in TEST_CASES_IS:
+            self.assertIs(devalue.parse(tc['unparsed']), tc['parsed'], tc['name'])
+
+    def test_devalue_parse_invalid(self):
+        for tc in TEST_CASES_INVALID:
+            with self.assertRaisesRegex(tc['error'], tc['pattern'], msg=tc['name']):
+                devalue.parse(tc['unparsed'])
+
+    def test_devalue_parse_cyclical(self):
+        name = 'Map (cyclical)'
+        result = devalue.parse([['Map', 1, 0], 'self'])
+        self.assertEqual(result[0][0], 'self', name)
+        self.assertIs(result, result[0][1], name)
+
+        name = 'Set (cyclical)'
+        result = devalue.parse([['Set', 0, 1], 42])
+        self.assertEqual(result[1], 42, name)
+        self.assertIs(result, result[0], name)
+
+        result = devalue.parse([[0]])
+        self.assertIs(result, result[0], 'Array (cyclical)')
+
+        name = 'Object (cyclical)'
+        result = devalue.parse([{'self': 0}])
+        self.assertIs(result, result['self'], name)
+
+        name = 'Object with null prototype (cyclical)'
+        result = devalue.parse([['null', 'self', 0]])
+        self.assertIs(result, result['self'], name)
+
+        name = 'Objects (cyclical)'
+        result = devalue.parse([[1, 2], {'second': 2}, {'first': 1}])
+        self.assertIs(result[0], result[1]['first'], name)
+        self.assertIs(result[1], result[0]['second'], name)
+
+    def test_devalue_parse_revivers(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            devalue.parse([['indirect', 1], {'a': 2}, 'b'], revivers={'indirect': lambda x: x}),
+            {'a': 'b'}, 'revivers (indirect)')
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            devalue.parse([['parse', 1], '{"a":0}'], revivers={'parse': lambda x: json.loads(x)}),
+            {'a': 0}, 'revivers (parse)')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
--- a/test/test_jsinterp.py
+++ b/test/test_jsinterp.py
@ -478,6 +478,14 @@ class TestJSInterpreter(unittest.TestCase):
        func = jsi.extract_function('c', {'e': 10}, {'f': 100, 'g': 1000})
        self.assertEqual(func([1]), 1111)

+    def test_increment_decrement(self):
+        self._test('function f() { var x = 1; return ++x; }', 2)
+        self._test('function f() { var x = 1; return x++; }', 1)
+        self._test('function f() { var x = 1; x--; return x }', 0)
+        self._test('function f() { var y; var x = 1; x++, --x, x--, x--, y="z", "abc", x++; return --x }', -1)
+        self._test('function f() { var a = "test--"; return a; }', 'test--')
+        self._test('function f() { var b = 1; var a = "b--"; return a; }', 'b--')
+

 if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()
--- a/test/test_networking_utils.py
+++ b/test/test_networking_utils.py
@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ from yt_dlp.networking._helper import (
    add_accept_encoding_header,
    get_redirect_method,
    make_socks_proxy_opts,
-    select_proxy,
    ssl_load_certs,
 )
 from yt_dlp.networking.exceptions import (
@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ from yt_dlp.networking.exceptions import (
    IncompleteRead,
 )
 from yt_dlp.socks import ProxyType
-from yt_dlp.utils.networking import HTTPHeaderDict
+from yt_dlp.utils.networking import HTTPHeaderDict, select_proxy

 TEST_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))

--- a/test/test_postprocessors.py
+++ b/test/test_postprocessors.py
@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import unittest
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))


+import subprocess
+
 from yt_dlp import YoutubeDL
 from yt_dlp.utils import shell_quote
 from yt_dlp.postprocessor import (
@ -47,7 +49,18 @@ class TestConvertThumbnail(unittest.TestCase):
            print('Skipping: ffmpeg not found')
            return

-        file = 'test/testdata/thumbnails/foo %d bar/foo_%d.{}'
+        test_data_dir = 'test/testdata/thumbnails'
+        generated_file = f'{test_data_dir}/empty.webp'
+
+        subprocess.check_call([
+            pp.executable, '-y', '-f', 'lavfi', '-i', 'color=c=black:s=320x320',
+            '-c:v', 'libwebp', '-pix_fmt', 'yuv420p', '-vframes', '1', generated_file,
+        ], stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
+
+        file = test_data_dir + '/foo %d bar/foo_%d.{}'
+        initial_file = file.format('webp')
+        os.replace(generated_file, initial_file)
+
        tests = (('webp', 'png'), ('png', 'jpg'))

        for inp, out in tests:
@ -55,11 +68,13 @@ class TestConvertThumbnail(unittest.TestCase):
            if os.path.exists(out_file):
                os.remove(out_file)
            pp.convert_thumbnail(file.format(inp), out)
-            assert os.path.exists(out_file)
+            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(out_file))

        for _, out in tests:
            os.remove(file.format(out))

+        os.remove(initial_file)
+

 class TestExec(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_parse_cmd(self):
@ -610,3 +625,7 @@ outpoint 10.000000
        self.assertEqual(
            r"'special '\'' characters '\'' galore'\'\'\'",
            self._pp._quote_for_ffmpeg("special ' characters ' galore'''"))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
--- a/test/test_pot/conftest.py
+++ b/test/test_pot/conftest.py
@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import collections
+
+import pytest
+
+from yt_dlp import YoutubeDL
+from yt_dlp.cookies import YoutubeDLCookieJar
+from yt_dlp.extractor.common import InfoExtractor
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot._provider import IEContentProviderLogger
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.provider import PoTokenRequest, PoTokenContext
+from yt_dlp.utils.networking import HTTPHeaderDict
+
+
+class MockLogger(IEContentProviderLogger):
+
+    log_level = IEContentProviderLogger.LogLevel.TRACE
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.messages = collections.defaultdict(list)
+
+    def trace(self, message: str):
+        self.messages['trace'].append(message)
+
+    def debug(self, message: str):
+        self.messages['debug'].append(message)
+
+    def info(self, message: str):
+        self.messages['info'].append(message)
+
+    def warning(self, message: str, *, once=False):
+        self.messages['warning'].append(message)
+
+    def error(self, message: str):
+        self.messages['error'].append(message)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def ie() -> InfoExtractor:
+    ydl = YoutubeDL()
+    return ydl.get_info_extractor('Youtube')
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def logger() -> MockLogger:
+    return MockLogger()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def pot_request() -> PoTokenRequest:
+    return PoTokenRequest(
+        context=PoTokenContext.GVS,
+        innertube_context={'client': {'clientName': 'WEB'}},
+        innertube_host='youtube.com',
+        session_index=None,
+        player_url=None,
+        is_authenticated=False,
+        video_webpage=None,
+
+        visitor_data='example-visitor-data',
+        data_sync_id='example-data-sync-id',
+        video_id='example-video-id',
+
+        request_cookiejar=YoutubeDLCookieJar(),
+        request_proxy=None,
+        request_headers=HTTPHeaderDict(),
+        request_timeout=None,
+        request_source_address=None,
+        request_verify_tls=True,
+
+        bypass_cache=False,
+    )
--- a/test/test_pot/test_pot_builtin_memorycache.py
+++ b/test/test_pot/test_pot_builtin_memorycache.py
@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+import threading
+import time
+from collections import OrderedDict
+import pytest
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot._provider import IEContentProvider, BuiltinIEContentProvider
+from yt_dlp.utils import bug_reports_message
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot._builtin.memory_cache import MemoryLRUPCP, memorylru_preference, initialize_global_cache
+from yt_dlp.version import __version__
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot._registry import _pot_cache_providers, _pot_memory_cache
+
+
+class TestMemoryLRUPCS:
+
+    def test_base_type(self):
+        assert issubclass(MemoryLRUPCP, IEContentProvider)
+        assert issubclass(MemoryLRUPCP, BuiltinIEContentProvider)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def pcp(self, ie, logger) -> MemoryLRUPCP:
+        return MemoryLRUPCP(ie, logger, {}, initialize_cache=lambda max_size: (OrderedDict(), threading.Lock(), max_size))
+
+    def test_is_registered(self):
+        assert _pot_cache_providers.value.get('MemoryLRU') == MemoryLRUPCP
+
+    def test_initialization(self, pcp):
+        assert pcp.PROVIDER_NAME == 'memory'
+        assert pcp.PROVIDER_VERSION == __version__
+        assert pcp.BUG_REPORT_MESSAGE == bug_reports_message(before='')
+        assert pcp.is_available()
+
+    def test_store_and_get(self, pcp):
+        pcp.store('key1', 'value1', int(time.time()) + 60)
+        assert pcp.get('key1') == 'value1'
+        assert len(pcp.cache) == 1
+
+    def test_store_ignore_expired(self, pcp):
+        pcp.store('key1', 'value1', int(time.time()) - 1)
+        assert len(pcp.cache) == 0
+        assert pcp.get('key1') is None
+        assert len(pcp.cache) == 0
+
+    def test_store_override_existing_key(self, ie, logger):
+        MAX_SIZE = 2
+        pcp = MemoryLRUPCP(ie, logger, {}, initialize_cache=lambda max_size: (OrderedDict(), threading.Lock(), MAX_SIZE))
+        pcp.store('key1', 'value1', int(time.time()) + 60)
+        pcp.store('key2', 'value2', int(time.time()) + 60)
+        assert len(pcp.cache) == 2
+        pcp.store('key1', 'value2', int(time.time()) + 60)
+        # Ensure that the override key gets added to the end of the cache instead of in the same position
+        pcp.store('key3', 'value3', int(time.time()) + 60)
+        assert pcp.get('key1') == 'value2'
+
+    def test_store_ignore_expired_existing_key(self, pcp):
+        pcp.store('key1', 'value2', int(time.time()) + 60)
+        pcp.store('key1', 'value1', int(time.time()) - 1)
+        assert len(pcp.cache) == 1
+        assert pcp.get('key1') == 'value2'
+        assert len(pcp.cache) == 1
+
+    def test_get_key_expired(self, pcp):
+        pcp.store('key1', 'value1', int(time.time()) + 60)
+        assert pcp.get('key1') == 'value1'
+        assert len(pcp.cache) == 1
+        pcp.cache['key1'] = ('value1', int(time.time()) - 1)
+        assert pcp.get('key1') is None
+        assert len(pcp.cache) == 0
+
+    def test_lru_eviction(self, ie, logger):
+        MAX_SIZE = 2
+        provider = MemoryLRUPCP(ie, logger, {}, initialize_cache=lambda max_size: (OrderedDict(), threading.Lock(), MAX_SIZE))
+        provider.store('key1', 'value1', int(time.time()) + 5)
+        provider.store('key2', 'value2', int(time.time()) + 5)
+        assert len(provider.cache) == 2
+
+        assert provider.get('key1') == 'value1'
+
+        provider.store('key3', 'value3', int(time.time()) + 5)
+        assert len(provider.cache) == 2
+
+        assert provider.get('key2') is None
+
+        provider.store('key4', 'value4', int(time.time()) + 5)
+        assert len(provider.cache) == 2
+
+        assert provider.get('key1') is None
+        assert provider.get('key3') == 'value3'
+        assert provider.get('key4') == 'value4'
+
+    def test_delete(self, pcp):
+        pcp.store('key1', 'value1', int(time.time()) + 5)
+        assert len(pcp.cache) == 1
+        assert pcp.get('key1') == 'value1'
+        pcp.delete('key1')
+        assert len(pcp.cache) == 0
+        assert pcp.get('key1') is None
+
+    def test_use_global_cache_default(self, ie, logger):
+        pcp = MemoryLRUPCP(ie, logger, {})
+        assert pcp.max_size == _pot_memory_cache.value['max_size'] == 25
+        assert pcp.cache is _pot_memory_cache.value['cache']
+        assert pcp.lock is _pot_memory_cache.value['lock']
+
+        pcp2 = MemoryLRUPCP(ie, logger, {})
+        assert pcp.max_size == pcp2.max_size == _pot_memory_cache.value['max_size'] == 25
+        assert pcp.cache is pcp2.cache is _pot_memory_cache.value['cache']
+        assert pcp.lock is pcp2.lock is _pot_memory_cache.value['lock']
+
+    def test_fail_max_size_change_global(self, ie, logger):
+        pcp = MemoryLRUPCP(ie, logger, {})
+        assert pcp.max_size == _pot_memory_cache.value['max_size'] == 25
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='Cannot change max_size of initialized global memory cache'):
+            initialize_global_cache(50)
+
+        assert pcp.max_size == _pot_memory_cache.value['max_size'] == 25
+
+    def test_memory_lru_preference(self, pcp, ie, pot_request):
+        assert memorylru_preference(pcp, pot_request) == 10000
--- a/test/test_pot/test_pot_builtin_utils.py
+++ b/test/test_pot/test_pot_builtin_utils.py
@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import pytest
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.provider import (
+    PoTokenContext,
+
+)
+
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.utils import get_webpo_content_binding, ContentBindingType
+
+
+class TestGetWebPoContentBinding:
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('client_name, context, is_authenticated, expected', [
+        *[(client, context, is_authenticated, expected) for client in [
+            'WEB', 'MWEB', 'TVHTML5', 'WEB_EMBEDDED_PLAYER', 'WEB_CREATOR', 'TVHTML5_SIMPLY_EMBEDDED_PLAYER', 'TVHTML5_SIMPLY']
+          for context, is_authenticated, expected in [
+            (PoTokenContext.GVS, False, ('example-visitor-data', ContentBindingType.VISITOR_DATA)),
+            (PoTokenContext.PLAYER, False, ('example-video-id', ContentBindingType.VIDEO_ID)),
+            (PoTokenContext.SUBS, False, ('example-video-id', ContentBindingType.VIDEO_ID)),
+            (PoTokenContext.GVS, True, ('example-data-sync-id', ContentBindingType.DATASYNC_ID)),
+        ]],
+        ('WEB_REMIX', PoTokenContext.GVS, False, ('example-visitor-data', ContentBindingType.VISITOR_DATA)),
+        ('WEB_REMIX', PoTokenContext.PLAYER, False, ('example-visitor-data', ContentBindingType.VISITOR_DATA)),
+        ('ANDROID', PoTokenContext.GVS, False, (None, None)),
+        ('IOS', PoTokenContext.GVS, False, (None, None)),
+    ])
+    def test_get_webpo_content_binding(self, pot_request, client_name, context, is_authenticated, expected):
+        pot_request.innertube_context['client']['clientName'] = client_name
+        pot_request.context = context
+        pot_request.is_authenticated = is_authenticated
+        assert get_webpo_content_binding(pot_request) == expected
+
+    def test_extract_visitor_id(self, pot_request):
+        pot_request.visitor_data = 'CgsxMjNhYmNYWVpfLSiA4s%2DqBg%3D%3D'
+        assert get_webpo_content_binding(pot_request, bind_to_visitor_id=True) == ('123abcXYZ_-', ContentBindingType.VISITOR_ID)
+
+    def test_invalid_visitor_id(self, pot_request):
+        # visitor id not alphanumeric (i.e. protobuf extraction failed)
+        pot_request.visitor_data = 'CggxMjM0NTY3OCiA4s-qBg%3D%3D'
+        assert get_webpo_content_binding(pot_request, bind_to_visitor_id=True) == (pot_request.visitor_data, ContentBindingType.VISITOR_DATA)
+
+    def test_no_visitor_id(self, pot_request):
+        pot_request.visitor_data = 'KIDiz6oG'
+        assert get_webpo_content_binding(pot_request, bind_to_visitor_id=True) == (pot_request.visitor_data, ContentBindingType.VISITOR_DATA)
+
+    def test_invalid_base64(self, pot_request):
+        pot_request.visitor_data = 'invalid-base64'
+        assert get_webpo_content_binding(pot_request, bind_to_visitor_id=True) == (pot_request.visitor_data, ContentBindingType.VISITOR_DATA)
--- a/test/test_pot/test_pot_builtin_webpospec.py
+++ b/test/test_pot/test_pot_builtin_webpospec.py
@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import pytest
+
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot._provider import IEContentProvider, BuiltinIEContentProvider
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.cache import CacheProviderWritePolicy
+from yt_dlp.utils import bug_reports_message
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.provider import (
+    PoTokenRequest,
+    PoTokenContext,
+
+)
+from yt_dlp.version import __version__
+
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot._builtin.webpo_cachespec import WebPoPCSP
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot._registry import _pot_pcs_providers
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def pot_request(pot_request) -> PoTokenRequest:
+    pot_request.visitor_data = 'CgsxMjNhYmNYWVpfLSiA4s%2DqBg%3D%3D'  # visitor_id=123abcXYZ_-
+    return pot_request
+
+
+class TestWebPoPCSP:
+    def test_base_type(self):
+        assert issubclass(WebPoPCSP, IEContentProvider)
+        assert issubclass(WebPoPCSP, BuiltinIEContentProvider)
+
+    def test_init(self, ie, logger):
+        pcs = WebPoPCSP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+        assert pcs.PROVIDER_NAME == 'webpo'
+        assert pcs.PROVIDER_VERSION == __version__
+        assert pcs.BUG_REPORT_MESSAGE == bug_reports_message(before='')
+        assert pcs.is_available()
+
+    def test_is_registered(self):
+        assert _pot_pcs_providers.value.get('WebPo') == WebPoPCSP
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('client_name, context, is_authenticated', [
+        ('ANDROID', PoTokenContext.GVS, False),
+        ('IOS', PoTokenContext.GVS, False),
+        ('IOS', PoTokenContext.PLAYER, False),
+    ])
+    def test_not_supports(self, ie, logger, pot_request, client_name, context, is_authenticated):
+        pcs = WebPoPCSP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+        pot_request.innertube_context['client']['clientName'] = client_name
+        pot_request.context = context
+        pot_request.is_authenticated = is_authenticated
+        assert pcs.generate_cache_spec(pot_request) is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('client_name, context, is_authenticated, remote_host, source_address, request_proxy, expected', [
+        *[(client, context, is_authenticated, remote_host, source_address, request_proxy, expected) for client in [
+            'WEB', 'MWEB', 'TVHTML5', 'WEB_EMBEDDED_PLAYER', 'WEB_CREATOR', 'TVHTML5_SIMPLY_EMBEDDED_PLAYER', 'TVHTML5_SIMPLY']
+          for context, is_authenticated, remote_host, source_address, request_proxy, expected in [
+            (PoTokenContext.GVS, False, 'example-remote-host', 'example-source-address', 'example-request-proxy', {'t': 'webpo', 'ip': 'example-remote-host', 'sa': 'example-source-address', 'px': 'example-request-proxy', 'cb': '123abcXYZ_-', 'cbt': 'visitor_id'}),
+            (PoTokenContext.PLAYER, False, 'example-remote-host', 'example-source-address', 'example-request-proxy', {'t': 'webpo', 'ip': 'example-remote-host', 'sa': 'example-source-address', 'px': 'example-request-proxy', 'cb': '123abcXYZ_-', 'cbt': 'video_id'}),
+            (PoTokenContext.GVS, True, 'example-remote-host', 'example-source-address', 'example-request-proxy', {'t': 'webpo', 'ip': 'example-remote-host', 'sa': 'example-source-address', 'px': 'example-request-proxy', 'cb': 'example-data-sync-id', 'cbt': 'datasync_id'}),
+        ]],
+        ('WEB_REMIX', PoTokenContext.PLAYER, False, 'example-remote-host', 'example-source-address', 'example-request-proxy', {'t': 'webpo', 'ip': 'example-remote-host', 'sa': 'example-source-address', 'px': 'example-request-proxy', 'cb': '123abcXYZ_-', 'cbt': 'visitor_id'}),
+        ('WEB', PoTokenContext.GVS, False, None, None, None, {'t': 'webpo', 'cb': '123abcXYZ_-', 'cbt': 'visitor_id', 'ip': None, 'sa': None, 'px': None}),
+        ('TVHTML5', PoTokenContext.PLAYER, False, None, None, 'http://example.com', {'t': 'webpo', 'cb': '123abcXYZ_-', 'cbt': 'video_id', 'ip': None, 'sa': None, 'px': 'http://example.com'}),
+
+    ])
+    def test_generate_key_bindings(self, ie, logger, pot_request, client_name, context, is_authenticated, remote_host, source_address, request_proxy, expected):
+        pcs = WebPoPCSP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+        pot_request.innertube_context['client']['clientName'] = client_name
+        pot_request.context = context
+        pot_request.is_authenticated = is_authenticated
+        pot_request.innertube_context['client']['remoteHost'] = remote_host
+        pot_request.request_source_address = source_address
+        pot_request.request_proxy = request_proxy
+        pot_request.video_id = '123abcXYZ_-'  # same as visitor id to test type
+
+        assert pcs.generate_cache_spec(pot_request).key_bindings == expected
+
+    def test_no_bind_visitor_id(self, ie, logger, pot_request):
+        # Should not bind to visitor id if setting is set to False
+        pcs = WebPoPCSP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={'bind_to_visitor_id': ['false']})
+        pot_request.innertube_context['client']['clientName'] = 'WEB'
+        pot_request.context = PoTokenContext.GVS
+        pot_request.is_authenticated = False
+        assert pcs.generate_cache_spec(pot_request).key_bindings == {'t': 'webpo', 'ip': None, 'sa': None, 'px': None, 'cb': 'CgsxMjNhYmNYWVpfLSiA4s%2DqBg%3D%3D', 'cbt': 'visitor_data'}
+
+    def test_default_ttl(self, ie, logger, pot_request):
+        pcs = WebPoPCSP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+        assert pcs.generate_cache_spec(pot_request).default_ttl == 6 * 60 * 60  # should default to 6 hours
+
+    def test_write_policy(self, ie, logger, pot_request):
+        pcs = WebPoPCSP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+        pot_request.context = PoTokenContext.GVS
+        assert pcs.generate_cache_spec(pot_request).write_policy == CacheProviderWritePolicy.WRITE_ALL
+        pot_request.context = PoTokenContext.PLAYER
+        assert pcs.generate_cache_spec(pot_request).write_policy == CacheProviderWritePolicy.WRITE_FIRST
--- a/test/test_pot/test_pot_director.py
+++ b/test/test_pot/test_pot_director.py
--- a/test/test_pot/test_pot_framework.py
+++ b/test/test_pot/test_pot_framework.py
@ -0,0 +1,629 @@
+import pytest
+
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot._provider import IEContentProvider
+from yt_dlp.cookies import YoutubeDLCookieJar
+from yt_dlp.utils.networking import HTTPHeaderDict
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.provider import (
+    PoTokenRequest,
+    PoTokenContext,
+    ExternalRequestFeature,
+
+)
+
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.cache import (
+    PoTokenCacheProvider,
+    PoTokenCacheSpec,
+    PoTokenCacheSpecProvider,
+    CacheProviderWritePolicy,
+)
+
+import yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.cache as cache
+
+from yt_dlp.networking import Request
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.provider import (
+    PoTokenResponse,
+    PoTokenProvider,
+    PoTokenProviderRejectedRequest,
+    provider_bug_report_message,
+    register_provider,
+    register_preference,
+)
+
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot._registry import _pot_providers, _ptp_preferences, _pot_pcs_providers, _pot_cache_providers, _pot_cache_provider_preferences
+
+
+class ExamplePTP(PoTokenProvider):
+    PROVIDER_NAME = 'example'
+    PROVIDER_VERSION = '0.0.1'
+    BUG_REPORT_LOCATION = 'https://example.com/issues'
+
+    _SUPPORTED_CLIENTS = ('WEB',)
+    _SUPPORTED_CONTEXTS = (PoTokenContext.GVS, )
+
+    _SUPPORTED_EXTERNAL_REQUEST_FEATURES = (
+        ExternalRequestFeature.PROXY_SCHEME_HTTP,
+        ExternalRequestFeature.PROXY_SCHEME_SOCKS5H,
+    )
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    def _real_request_pot(self, request: PoTokenRequest) -> PoTokenResponse:
+        return PoTokenResponse('example-token', expires_at=123)
+
+
+class ExampleCacheProviderPCP(PoTokenCacheProvider):
+
+    PROVIDER_NAME = 'example'
+    PROVIDER_VERSION = '0.0.1'
+    BUG_REPORT_LOCATION = 'https://example.com/issues'
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    def get(self, key: str):
+        return 'example-cache'
+
+    def store(self, key: str, value: str, expires_at: int):
+        pass
+
+    def delete(self, key: str):
+        pass
+
+
+class ExampleCacheSpecProviderPCSP(PoTokenCacheSpecProvider):
+
+    PROVIDER_NAME = 'example'
+    PROVIDER_VERSION = '0.0.1'
+    BUG_REPORT_LOCATION = 'https://example.com/issues'
+
+    def generate_cache_spec(self, request: PoTokenRequest):
+        return PoTokenCacheSpec(
+            key_bindings={'field': 'example-key'},
+            default_ttl=60,
+            write_policy=CacheProviderWritePolicy.WRITE_FIRST,
+        )
+
+
+class TestPoTokenProvider:
+
+    def test_base_type(self):
+        assert issubclass(PoTokenProvider, IEContentProvider)
+
+    def test_create_provider_missing_fetch_method(self, ie, logger):
+        class MissingMethodsPTP(PoTokenProvider):
+            def is_available(self) -> bool:
+                return True
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            MissingMethodsPTP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+
+    def test_create_provider_missing_available_method(self, ie, logger):
+        class MissingMethodsPTP(PoTokenProvider):
+            def _real_request_pot(self, request: PoTokenRequest) -> PoTokenResponse:
+                raise PoTokenProviderRejectedRequest('Not implemented')
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            MissingMethodsPTP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+
+    def test_barebones_provider(self, ie, logger):
+        class BarebonesProviderPTP(PoTokenProvider):
+            def is_available(self) -> bool:
+                return True
+
+            def _real_request_pot(self, request: PoTokenRequest) -> PoTokenResponse:
+                raise PoTokenProviderRejectedRequest('Not implemented')
+
+        provider = BarebonesProviderPTP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+        assert provider.PROVIDER_NAME == 'BarebonesProvider'
+        assert provider.PROVIDER_KEY == 'BarebonesProvider'
+        assert provider.PROVIDER_VERSION == '0.0.0'
+        assert provider.BUG_REPORT_MESSAGE == 'please report this issue to the provider developer at  (developer has not provided a bug report location)  .'
+
+    def test_example_provider_success(self, ie, logger, pot_request):
+        provider = ExamplePTP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+        assert provider.PROVIDER_NAME == 'example'
+        assert provider.PROVIDER_KEY == 'Example'
+        assert provider.PROVIDER_VERSION == '0.0.1'
+        assert provider.BUG_REPORT_MESSAGE == 'please report this issue to the provider developer at  https://example.com/issues  .'
+        assert provider.is_available()
+
+        response = provider.request_pot(pot_request)
+
+        assert response.po_token == 'example-token'
+        assert response.expires_at == 123
+
+    def test_provider_unsupported_context(self, ie, logger, pot_request):
+        provider = ExamplePTP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+        pot_request.context = PoTokenContext.PLAYER
+
+        with pytest.raises(PoTokenProviderRejectedRequest):
+            provider.request_pot(pot_request)
+
+    def test_provider_unsupported_client(self, ie, logger, pot_request):
+        provider = ExamplePTP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+        pot_request.innertube_context['client']['clientName'] = 'ANDROID'
+
+        with pytest.raises(PoTokenProviderRejectedRequest):
+            provider.request_pot(pot_request)
+
+    def test_provider_unsupported_proxy_scheme(self, ie, logger, pot_request):
+        provider = ExamplePTP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+        pot_request.request_proxy = 'socks4://example.com'
+
+        with pytest.raises(
+            PoTokenProviderRejectedRequest,
+            match='External requests by "example" provider do not support proxy scheme "socks4". Supported proxy '
+            'schemes: http, socks5h',
+        ):
+            provider.request_pot(pot_request)
+
+        pot_request.request_proxy = 'http://example.com'
+
+        assert provider.request_pot(pot_request)
+
+    def test_provider_ignore_external_request_features(self, ie, logger, pot_request):
+        class InternalPTP(ExamplePTP):
+            _SUPPORTED_EXTERNAL_REQUEST_FEATURES = None
+
+        provider = InternalPTP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+
+        pot_request.request_proxy = 'socks5://example.com'
+        assert provider.request_pot(pot_request)
+        pot_request.request_source_address = '0.0.0.0'
+        assert provider.request_pot(pot_request)
+
+    def test_provider_unsupported_external_request_source_address(self, ie, logger, pot_request):
+        class InternalPTP(ExamplePTP):
+            _SUPPORTED_EXTERNAL_REQUEST_FEATURES = tuple()
+
+        provider = InternalPTP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+
+        pot_request.request_source_address = None
+        assert provider.request_pot(pot_request)
+
+        pot_request.request_source_address = '0.0.0.0'
+        with pytest.raises(
+            PoTokenProviderRejectedRequest,
+            match='External requests by "example" provider do not support setting source address',
+        ):
+            provider.request_pot(pot_request)
+
+    def test_provider_supported_external_request_source_address(self, ie, logger, pot_request):
+        class InternalPTP(ExamplePTP):
+            _SUPPORTED_EXTERNAL_REQUEST_FEATURES = (
+                ExternalRequestFeature.SOURCE_ADDRESS,
+            )
+
+        provider = InternalPTP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+
+        pot_request.request_source_address = None
+        assert provider.request_pot(pot_request)
+
+        pot_request.request_source_address = '0.0.0.0'
+        assert provider.request_pot(pot_request)
+
+    def test_provider_unsupported_external_request_tls_verification(self, ie, logger, pot_request):
+        class InternalPTP(ExamplePTP):
+            _SUPPORTED_EXTERNAL_REQUEST_FEATURES = tuple()
+
+        provider = InternalPTP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+
+        pot_request.request_verify_tls = True
+        assert provider.request_pot(pot_request)
+
+        pot_request.request_verify_tls = False
+        with pytest.raises(
+            PoTokenProviderRejectedRequest,
+            match='External requests by "example" provider do not support ignoring TLS certificate failures',
+        ):
+            provider.request_pot(pot_request)
+
+    def test_provider_supported_external_request_tls_verification(self, ie, logger, pot_request):
+        class InternalPTP(ExamplePTP):
+            _SUPPORTED_EXTERNAL_REQUEST_FEATURES = (
+                ExternalRequestFeature.DISABLE_TLS_VERIFICATION,
+            )
+
+        provider = InternalPTP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+
+        pot_request.request_verify_tls = True
+        assert provider.request_pot(pot_request)
+
+        pot_request.request_verify_tls = False
+        assert provider.request_pot(pot_request)
+
+    def test_provider_request_webpage(self, ie, logger, pot_request):
+        provider = ExamplePTP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+
+        cookiejar = YoutubeDLCookieJar()
+        pot_request.request_headers = HTTPHeaderDict({'User-Agent': 'example-user-agent'})
+        pot_request.request_proxy = 'socks5://example-proxy.com'
+        pot_request.request_cookiejar = cookiejar
+
+        def mock_urlopen(request):
+            return request
+
+        ie._downloader.urlopen = mock_urlopen
+
+        sent_request = provider._request_webpage(Request(
+            'https://example.com',
+        ), pot_request=pot_request)
+
+        assert sent_request.url == 'https://example.com'
+        assert sent_request.headers['User-Agent'] == 'example-user-agent'
+        assert sent_request.proxies == {'all': 'socks5://example-proxy.com'}
+        assert sent_request.extensions['cookiejar'] is cookiejar
+        assert 'Requesting webpage' in logger.messages['info']
+
+    def test_provider_request_webpage_override(self, ie, logger, pot_request):
+        provider = ExamplePTP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+
+        cookiejar_request = YoutubeDLCookieJar()
+        pot_request.request_headers = HTTPHeaderDict({'User-Agent': 'example-user-agent'})
+        pot_request.request_proxy = 'socks5://example-proxy.com'
+        pot_request.request_cookiejar = cookiejar_request
+
+        def mock_urlopen(request):
+            return request
+
+        ie._downloader.urlopen = mock_urlopen
+
+        sent_request = provider._request_webpage(Request(
+            'https://example.com',
+            headers={'User-Agent': 'override-user-agent-override'},
+            proxies={'http': 'http://example-proxy-override.com'},
+            extensions={'cookiejar': YoutubeDLCookieJar()},
+        ), pot_request=pot_request, note='Custom requesting webpage')
+
+        assert sent_request.url == 'https://example.com'
+        assert sent_request.headers['User-Agent'] == 'override-user-agent-override'
+        assert sent_request.proxies == {'http': 'http://example-proxy-override.com'}
+        assert sent_request.extensions['cookiejar'] is not cookiejar_request
+        assert 'Custom requesting webpage' in logger.messages['info']
+
+    def test_provider_request_webpage_no_log(self, ie, logger, pot_request):
+        provider = ExamplePTP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+
+        def mock_urlopen(request):
+            return request
+
+        ie._downloader.urlopen = mock_urlopen
+
+        sent_request = provider._request_webpage(Request(
+            'https://example.com',
+        ), note=False)
+
+        assert sent_request.url == 'https://example.com'
+        assert 'info' not in logger.messages
+
+    def test_provider_request_webpage_no_pot_request(self, ie, logger):
+        provider = ExamplePTP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+
+        def mock_urlopen(request):
+            return request
+
+        ie._downloader.urlopen = mock_urlopen
+
+        sent_request = provider._request_webpage(Request(
+            'https://example.com',
+        ), pot_request=None)
+
+        assert sent_request.url == 'https://example.com'
+
+    def test_get_config_arg(self, ie, logger):
+        provider = ExamplePTP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={'abc': ['123D'], 'xyz': ['456a', '789B']})
+
+        assert provider._configuration_arg('abc') == ['123d']
+        assert provider._configuration_arg('abc', default=['default']) == ['123d']
+        assert provider._configuration_arg('ABC', default=['default']) == ['default']
+        assert provider._configuration_arg('abc', casesense=True) == ['123D']
+        assert provider._configuration_arg('xyz', casesense=False) == ['456a', '789b']
+
+    def test_require_class_end_with_suffix(self, ie, logger):
+        class InvalidSuffix(PoTokenProvider):
+            PROVIDER_NAME = 'invalid-suffix'
+
+            def _real_request_pot(self, request: PoTokenRequest) -> PoTokenResponse:
+                raise PoTokenProviderRejectedRequest('Not implemented')
+
+            def is_available(self) -> bool:
+                return True
+
+        provider = InvalidSuffix(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+
+        with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+            provider.PROVIDER_KEY  # noqa: B018
+
+
+class TestPoTokenCacheProvider:
+
+    def test_base_type(self):
+        assert issubclass(PoTokenCacheProvider, IEContentProvider)
+
+    def test_create_provider_missing_get_method(self, ie, logger):
+        class MissingMethodsPCP(PoTokenCacheProvider):
+            def store(self, key: str, value: str, expires_at: int):
+                pass
+
+            def delete(self, key: str):
+                pass
+
+                def is_available(self) -> bool:
+                    return True
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            MissingMethodsPCP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+
+    def test_create_provider_missing_store_method(self, ie, logger):
+        class MissingMethodsPCP(PoTokenCacheProvider):
+            def get(self, key: str):
+                pass
+
+            def delete(self, key: str):
+                pass
+
+            def is_available(self) -> bool:
+                return True
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            MissingMethodsPCP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+
+    def test_create_provider_missing_delete_method(self, ie, logger):
+        class MissingMethodsPCP(PoTokenCacheProvider):
+            def get(self, key: str):
+                pass
+
+            def store(self, key: str, value: str, expires_at: int):
+                pass
+
+            def is_available(self) -> bool:
+                return True
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            MissingMethodsPCP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+
+    def test_create_provider_missing_is_available_method(self, ie, logger):
+        class MissingMethodsPCP(PoTokenCacheProvider):
+            def get(self, key: str):
+                pass
+
+            def store(self, key: str, value: str, expires_at: int):
+                pass
+
+            def delete(self, key: str):
+                pass
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            MissingMethodsPCP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+
+    def test_barebones_provider(self, ie, logger):
+        class BarebonesProviderPCP(PoTokenCacheProvider):
+
+            def is_available(self) -> bool:
+                return True
+
+            def get(self, key: str):
+                return 'example-cache'
+
+            def store(self, key: str, value: str, expires_at: int):
+                pass
+
+            def delete(self, key: str):
+                pass
+
+        provider = BarebonesProviderPCP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+        assert provider.PROVIDER_NAME == 'BarebonesProvider'
+        assert provider.PROVIDER_KEY == 'BarebonesProvider'
+        assert provider.PROVIDER_VERSION == '0.0.0'
+        assert provider.BUG_REPORT_MESSAGE == 'please report this issue to the provider developer at  (developer has not provided a bug report location)  .'
+
+    def test_create_provider_example(self, ie, logger):
+        provider = ExampleCacheProviderPCP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+        assert provider.PROVIDER_NAME == 'example'
+        assert provider.PROVIDER_KEY == 'ExampleCacheProvider'
+        assert provider.PROVIDER_VERSION == '0.0.1'
+        assert provider.BUG_REPORT_MESSAGE == 'please report this issue to the provider developer at  https://example.com/issues  .'
+        assert provider.is_available()
+
+    def test_get_config_arg(self, ie, logger):
+        provider = ExampleCacheProviderPCP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={'abc': ['123D'], 'xyz': ['456a', '789B']})
+        assert provider._configuration_arg('abc') == ['123d']
+        assert provider._configuration_arg('abc', default=['default']) == ['123d']
+        assert provider._configuration_arg('ABC', default=['default']) == ['default']
+        assert provider._configuration_arg('abc', casesense=True) == ['123D']
+        assert provider._configuration_arg('xyz', casesense=False) == ['456a', '789b']
+
+    def test_require_class_end_with_suffix(self, ie, logger):
+        class InvalidSuffix(PoTokenCacheProvider):
+            def get(self, key: str):
+                return 'example-cache'
+
+            def store(self, key: str, value: str, expires_at: int):
+                pass
+
+            def delete(self, key: str):
+                pass
+
+            def is_available(self) -> bool:
+                return True
+
+        provider = InvalidSuffix(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+
+        with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+            provider.PROVIDER_KEY  # noqa: B018
+
+
+class TestPoTokenCacheSpecProvider:
+
+    def test_base_type(self):
+        assert issubclass(PoTokenCacheSpecProvider, IEContentProvider)
+
+    def test_create_provider_missing_supports_method(self, ie, logger):
+        class MissingMethodsPCS(PoTokenCacheSpecProvider):
+            pass
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            MissingMethodsPCS(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+
+    def test_create_provider_barebones(self, ie, pot_request, logger):
+        class BarebonesProviderPCSP(PoTokenCacheSpecProvider):
+            def generate_cache_spec(self, request: PoTokenRequest):
+                return PoTokenCacheSpec(
+                    default_ttl=100,
+                    key_bindings={},
+                )
+
+        provider = BarebonesProviderPCSP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+        assert provider.PROVIDER_NAME == 'BarebonesProvider'
+        assert provider.PROVIDER_KEY == 'BarebonesProvider'
+        assert provider.PROVIDER_VERSION == '0.0.0'
+        assert provider.BUG_REPORT_MESSAGE == 'please report this issue to the provider developer at  (developer has not provided a bug report location)  .'
+        assert provider.is_available()
+        assert provider.generate_cache_spec(request=pot_request).default_ttl == 100
+        assert provider.generate_cache_spec(request=pot_request).key_bindings == {}
+        assert provider.generate_cache_spec(request=pot_request).write_policy == CacheProviderWritePolicy.WRITE_ALL
+
+    def test_create_provider_example(self, ie, pot_request, logger):
+        provider = ExampleCacheSpecProviderPCSP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+        assert provider.PROVIDER_NAME == 'example'
+        assert provider.PROVIDER_KEY == 'ExampleCacheSpecProvider'
+        assert provider.PROVIDER_VERSION == '0.0.1'
+        assert provider.BUG_REPORT_MESSAGE == 'please report this issue to the provider developer at  https://example.com/issues  .'
+        assert provider.is_available()
+        assert provider.generate_cache_spec(pot_request)
+        assert provider.generate_cache_spec(pot_request).key_bindings == {'field': 'example-key'}
+        assert provider.generate_cache_spec(pot_request).default_ttl == 60
+        assert provider.generate_cache_spec(pot_request).write_policy == CacheProviderWritePolicy.WRITE_FIRST
+
+    def test_get_config_arg(self, ie, logger):
+        provider = ExampleCacheSpecProviderPCSP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={'abc': ['123D'], 'xyz': ['456a', '789B']})
+
+        assert provider._configuration_arg('abc') == ['123d']
+        assert provider._configuration_arg('abc', default=['default']) == ['123d']
+        assert provider._configuration_arg('ABC', default=['default']) == ['default']
+        assert provider._configuration_arg('abc', casesense=True) == ['123D']
+        assert provider._configuration_arg('xyz', casesense=False) == ['456a', '789b']
+
+    def test_require_class_end_with_suffix(self, ie, logger):
+        class InvalidSuffix(PoTokenCacheSpecProvider):
+            def generate_cache_spec(self, request: PoTokenRequest):
+                return None
+
+        provider = InvalidSuffix(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+
+        with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+            provider.PROVIDER_KEY  # noqa: B018
+
+
+class TestPoTokenRequest:
+    def test_copy_request(self, pot_request):
+        copied_request = pot_request.copy()
+
+        assert copied_request is not pot_request
+        assert copied_request.context == pot_request.context
+        assert copied_request.innertube_context == pot_request.innertube_context
+        assert copied_request.innertube_context is not pot_request.innertube_context
+        copied_request.innertube_context['client']['clientName'] = 'ANDROID'
+        assert pot_request.innertube_context['client']['clientName'] != 'ANDROID'
+        assert copied_request.innertube_host == pot_request.innertube_host
+        assert copied_request.session_index == pot_request.session_index
+        assert copied_request.player_url == pot_request.player_url
+        assert copied_request.is_authenticated == pot_request.is_authenticated
+        assert copied_request.visitor_data == pot_request.visitor_data
+        assert copied_request.data_sync_id == pot_request.data_sync_id
+        assert copied_request.video_id == pot_request.video_id
+        assert copied_request.request_cookiejar is pot_request.request_cookiejar
+        assert copied_request.request_proxy == pot_request.request_proxy
+        assert copied_request.request_headers == pot_request.request_headers
+        assert copied_request.request_headers is not pot_request.request_headers
+        assert copied_request.request_timeout == pot_request.request_timeout
+        assert copied_request.request_source_address == pot_request.request_source_address
+        assert copied_request.request_verify_tls == pot_request.request_verify_tls
+        assert copied_request.bypass_cache == pot_request.bypass_cache
+
+
+def test_provider_bug_report_message(ie, logger):
+    provider = ExamplePTP(ie=ie, logger=logger, settings={})
+    assert provider.BUG_REPORT_MESSAGE == 'please report this issue to the provider developer at  https://example.com/issues  .'
+
+    message = provider_bug_report_message(provider)
+    assert message == '; please report this issue to the provider developer at  https://example.com/issues  .'
+
+    message_before = provider_bug_report_message(provider, before='custom message!')
+    assert message_before == 'custom message! Please report this issue to the provider developer at  https://example.com/issues  .'
+
+
+def test_register_provider(ie):
+
+    @register_provider
+    class UnavailableProviderPTP(PoTokenProvider):
+        def is_available(self) -> bool:
+            return False
+
+        def _real_request_pot(self, request: PoTokenRequest) -> PoTokenResponse:
+            raise PoTokenProviderRejectedRequest('Not implemented')
+
+    assert _pot_providers.value.get('UnavailableProvider') == UnavailableProviderPTP
+    _pot_providers.value.pop('UnavailableProvider')
+
+
+def test_register_pot_preference(ie):
+    before = len(_ptp_preferences.value)
+
+    @register_preference(ExamplePTP)
+    def unavailable_preference(provider: PoTokenProvider, request: PoTokenRequest):
+        return 1
+
+    assert len(_ptp_preferences.value) == before + 1
+
+
+def test_register_cache_provider(ie):
+
+    @cache.register_provider
+    class UnavailableCacheProviderPCP(PoTokenCacheProvider):
+        def is_available(self) -> bool:
+            return False
+
+        def get(self, key: str):
+            return 'example-cache'
+
+        def store(self, key: str, value: str, expires_at: int):
+            pass
+
+        def delete(self, key: str):
+            pass
+
+    assert _pot_cache_providers.value.get('UnavailableCacheProvider') == UnavailableCacheProviderPCP
+    _pot_cache_providers.value.pop('UnavailableCacheProvider')
+
+
+def test_register_cache_provider_spec(ie):
+
+    @cache.register_spec
+    class UnavailableCacheProviderPCSP(PoTokenCacheSpecProvider):
+        def is_available(self) -> bool:
+            return False
+
+        def generate_cache_spec(self, request: PoTokenRequest):
+            return None
+
+    assert _pot_pcs_providers.value.get('UnavailableCacheProvider') == UnavailableCacheProviderPCSP
+    _pot_pcs_providers.value.pop('UnavailableCacheProvider')
+
+
+def test_register_cache_provider_preference(ie):
+    before = len(_pot_cache_provider_preferences.value)
+
+    @cache.register_preference(ExampleCacheProviderPCP)
+    def unavailable_preference(provider: PoTokenCacheProvider, request: PoTokenRequest):
+        return 1
+
+    assert len(_pot_cache_provider_preferences.value) == before + 1
+
+
+def test_logger_log_level(logger):
+    assert logger.LogLevel('INFO') == logger.LogLevel.INFO
+    assert logger.LogLevel('debuG') == logger.LogLevel.DEBUG
+    assert logger.LogLevel(10) == logger.LogLevel.DEBUG
+    assert logger.LogLevel('UNKNOWN') == logger.LogLevel.INFO
--- a/test/test_traversal.py
+++ b/test/test_traversal.py
@ -416,18 +416,8 @@ class TestTraversal:
            '`any` should allow further branching'

    def test_traversal_morsel(self):
-        values = {
-            'expires': 'a',
-            'path': 'b',
-            'comment': 'c',
-            'domain': 'd',
-            'max-age': 'e',
-            'secure': 'f',
-            'httponly': 'g',
-            'version': 'h',
-            'samesite': 'i',
-        }
        morsel = http.cookies.Morsel()
+        values = dict(zip(morsel, 'abcdefghijklmnop'))
        morsel.set('item_key', 'item_value', 'coded_value')
        morsel.update(values)
        values['key'] = 'item_key'
--- a/test/test_youtube_signature.py
+++ b/test/test_youtube_signature.py
@ -316,6 +316,18 @@ _NSIG_TESTS = [
        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/8a8ac953/tv-player-es6.vflset/tv-player-es6.js',
        'MiBYeXx_vRREbiCCmh', 'RtZYMVvmkE0JE',
    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/59b252b9/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'D3XWVpYgwhLLKNK4AGX', 'aZrQ1qWJ5yv5h',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/fc2a56a5/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'qTKWg_Il804jd2kAC', 'OtUAm2W6gyzJjB9u',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/fc2a56a5/tv-player-ias.vflset/tv-player-ias.js',
+        'qTKWg_Il804jd2kAC', 'OtUAm2W6gyzJjB9u',
+    ),
 ]


--- a/test/testdata/thumbnails/foo
+++ b/test/testdata/thumbnails/foo
--- a/test/testdata/thumbnails/foo
+++ b/test/testdata/thumbnails/foo
--- a/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                       The template is mapped on a dictionary with keys 'progress' and 'info'
    retry_sleep_functions: Dictionary of functions that takes the number of attempts
                       as argument and returns the time to sleep in seconds.
-                       Allowed keys are 'http', 'fragment', 'file_access'
+                       Allowed keys are 'http', 'fragment', 'file_access', 'extractor'
    download_ranges:   A callback function that gets called for every video with
                       the signature (info_dict, ydl) -> Iterable[Section].
                       Only the returned sections will be downloaded.
@ -640,6 +640,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
        self._printed_messages = set()
        self._first_webpage_request = True
        self._post_hooks = []
+        self._close_hooks = []
        self._progress_hooks = []
        self._postprocessor_hooks = []
        self._download_retcode = 0
@ -908,6 +909,11 @@ class YoutubeDL:
        """Add the post hook"""
        self._post_hooks.append(ph)

+    def add_close_hook(self, ch):
+        """Add a close hook, called when YoutubeDL.close() is called"""
+        assert callable(ch), 'Close hook must be callable'
+        self._close_hooks.append(ch)
+
    def add_progress_hook(self, ph):
        """Add the download progress hook"""
        self._progress_hooks.append(ph)
@ -1016,6 +1022,9 @@ class YoutubeDL:
            self._request_director.close()
            del self._request_director

+        for close_hook in self._close_hooks:
+            close_hook()
+
    def trouble(self, message=None, tb=None, is_error=True):
        """Determine action to take when a download problem appears.

--- a/yt_dlp/cookies.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/cookies.py
@ -764,11 +764,11 @@ def _get_linux_desktop_environment(env, logger):
    GetDesktopEnvironment
    """
    xdg_current_desktop = env.get('XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP', None)
-    desktop_session = env.get('DESKTOP_SESSION', None)
+    desktop_session = env.get('DESKTOP_SESSION', '')
    if xdg_current_desktop is not None:
        for part in map(str.strip, xdg_current_desktop.split(':')):
            if part == 'Unity':
-                if desktop_session is not None and 'gnome-fallback' in desktop_session:
+                if 'gnome-fallback' in desktop_session:
                    return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME
                else:
                    return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.UNITY
@ -797,35 +797,34 @@ def _get_linux_desktop_environment(env, logger):
                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.UKUI
            elif part == 'LXQt':
                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.LXQT
-        logger.info(f'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP is set to an unknown value: "{xdg_current_desktop}"')
+        logger.debug(f'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP is set to an unknown value: "{xdg_current_desktop}"')

-    elif desktop_session is not None:
-        if desktop_session == 'deepin':
-            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.DEEPIN
-        elif desktop_session in ('mate', 'gnome'):
-            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME
-        elif desktop_session in ('kde4', 'kde-plasma'):
+    if desktop_session == 'deepin':
+        return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.DEEPIN
+    elif desktop_session in ('mate', 'gnome'):
+        return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME
+    elif desktop_session in ('kde4', 'kde-plasma'):
+        return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE4
+    elif desktop_session == 'kde':
+        if 'KDE_SESSION_VERSION' in env:
            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE4
-        elif desktop_session == 'kde':
-            if 'KDE_SESSION_VERSION' in env:
-                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE4
-            else:
-                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE3
-        elif 'xfce' in desktop_session or desktop_session == 'xubuntu':
-            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.XFCE
-        elif desktop_session == 'ukui':
-            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.UKUI
        else:
-            logger.info(f'DESKTOP_SESSION is set to an unknown value: "{desktop_session}"')
-
+            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE3
+    elif 'xfce' in desktop_session or desktop_session == 'xubuntu':
+        return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.XFCE
+    elif desktop_session == 'ukui':
+        return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.UKUI
    else:
-        if 'GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID' in env:
-            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME
-        elif 'KDE_FULL_SESSION' in env:
-            if 'KDE_SESSION_VERSION' in env:
-                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE4
-            else:
-                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE3
+        logger.debug(f'DESKTOP_SESSION is set to an unknown value: "{desktop_session}"')
+
+    if 'GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID' in env:
+        return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME
+    elif 'KDE_FULL_SESSION' in env:
+        if 'KDE_SESSION_VERSION' in env:
+            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE4
+        else:
+            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE3
+
    return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.OTHER


--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
@ -300,7 +300,6 @@ from .brainpop import (
    BrainPOPIlIE,
    BrainPOPJrIE,
 )
-from .bravotv import BravoTVIE
 from .breitbart import BreitBartIE
 from .brightcove import (
    BrightcoveLegacyIE,
@ -338,7 +337,6 @@ from .canalc2 import Canalc2IE
 from .canalplus import CanalplusIE
 from .canalsurmas import CanalsurmasIE
 from .caracoltv import CaracolTvPlayIE
-from .cartoonnetwork import CartoonNetworkIE
 from .cbc import (
    CBCIE,
    CBCGemIE,
@ -929,7 +927,10 @@ from .jiocinema import (
 )
 from .jiosaavn import (
    JioSaavnAlbumIE,
+    JioSaavnArtistIE,
    JioSaavnPlaylistIE,
+    JioSaavnShowIE,
+    JioSaavnShowPlaylistIE,
    JioSaavnSongIE,
 )
 from .joj import JojIE
@ -1260,6 +1261,7 @@ from .nba import (
 )
 from .nbc import (
    NBCIE,
+    BravoTVIE,
    NBCNewsIE,
    NBCOlympicsIE,
    NBCOlympicsStreamIE,
@ -1267,6 +1269,7 @@ from .nbc import (
    NBCSportsStreamIE,
    NBCSportsVPlayerIE,
    NBCStationsIE,
+    SyfyIE,
 )
 from .ndr import (
    NDRIE,
@ -1964,7 +1967,6 @@ from .spreaker import (
    SpreakerShowIE,
 )
 from .springboardplatform import SpringboardPlatformIE
-from .sprout import SproutIE
 from .sproutvideo import (
    SproutVideoIE,
    VidsIoIE,
@ -2015,13 +2017,11 @@ from .sverigesradio import (
    SverigesRadioPublicationIE,
 )
 from .svt import (
-    SVTIE,
    SVTPageIE,
    SVTPlayIE,
    SVTSeriesIE,
 )
 from .swearnet import SwearnetEpisodeIE
-from .syfy import SyfyIE
 from .syvdk import SYVDKIE
 from .sztvhu import SztvHuIE
 from .tagesschau import TagesschauIE
@ -2146,6 +2146,7 @@ from .toggle import (
 from .toggo import ToggoIE
 from .tonline import TOnlineIE
 from .toongoggles import ToonGogglesIE
+from .toutiao import ToutiaoIE
 from .toutv import TouTvIE
 from .toypics import (
    ToypicsIE,
@ -2368,6 +2369,7 @@ from .vimeo import (
    VHXEmbedIE,
    VimeoAlbumIE,
    VimeoChannelIE,
+    VimeoEventIE,
    VimeoGroupsIE,
    VimeoIE,
    VimeoLikesIE,
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/adobepass.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/adobepass.py
@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import json
 import re
 import time
 import urllib.parse
+import uuid
 import xml.etree.ElementTree as etree

 from .common import InfoExtractor
@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
    NO_DEFAULT,
    ExtractorError,
+    parse_qs,
    unescapeHTML,
    unified_timestamp,
    urlencode_postdata,
@ -45,6 +47,8 @@ MSO_INFO = {
        'name': 'Comcast XFINITY',
        'username_field': 'user',
        'password_field': 'passwd',
+        'login_hostname': 'login.xfinity.com',
+        'needs_newer_ua': True,
    },
    'TWC': {
        'name': 'Time Warner Cable | Spectrum',
@ -74,6 +78,12 @@ MSO_INFO = {
        'name': 'Verizon FiOS',
        'username_field': 'IDToken1',
        'password_field': 'IDToken2',
+        'login_hostname': 'ssoauth.verizon.com',
+    },
+    'Fubo': {
+        'name': 'Fubo',
+        'username_field': 'username',
+        'password_field': 'password',
    },
    'Cablevision': {
        'name': 'Optimum/Cablevision',
@ -1338,6 +1348,7 @@ MSO_INFO = {
        'name': 'Sling TV',
        'username_field': 'username',
        'password_field': 'password',
+        'login_hostname': 'identity.sling.com',
    },
    'Suddenlink': {
        'name': 'Suddenlink',
@ -1355,7 +1366,6 @@ MSO_INFO = {
 class AdobePassIE(InfoExtractor):  # XXX: Conventionally, base classes should end with BaseIE/InfoExtractor
    _SERVICE_PROVIDER_TEMPLATE = 'https://sp.auth.adobe.com/adobe-services/%s'
    _USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; rv:47.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/47.0'
-    _MODERN_USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; rv:131.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/131.0'
    _MVPD_CACHE = 'ap-mvpd'

    _DOWNLOADING_LOGIN_PAGE = 'Downloading Provider Login Page'
@ -1367,6 +1377,14 @@ class AdobePassIE(InfoExtractor):  # XXX: Conventionally, base classes should en
        return super()._download_webpage_handle(
            *args, **kwargs)

+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_mso_headers(mso_info):
+        # yt-dlp's default user-agent is usually too old for some MSO's like Comcast_SSO
+        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10848
+        return {
+            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; rv:131.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/131.0',
+        } if mso_info.get('needs_newer_ua') else {}
+
    @staticmethod
    def _get_mvpd_resource(provider_id, title, guid, rating):
        channel = etree.Element('channel')
@ -1382,7 +1400,13 @@ class AdobePassIE(InfoExtractor):  # XXX: Conventionally, base classes should en
        resource_rating.text = rating
        return '<rss version="2.0" xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/">' + etree.tostring(channel).decode() + '</rss>'

-    def _extract_mvpd_auth(self, url, video_id, requestor_id, resource):
+    def _extract_mvpd_auth(self, url, video_id, requestor_id, resource, software_statement):
+        mso_id = self.get_param('ap_mso')
+        if mso_id:
+            mso_info = MSO_INFO[mso_id]
+        else:
+            mso_info = {}
+
        def xml_text(xml_str, tag):
            return self._search_regex(
                f'<{tag}>(.+?)</{tag}>', xml_str, tag)
@ -1391,15 +1415,27 @@ class AdobePassIE(InfoExtractor):  # XXX: Conventionally, base classes should en
            token_expires = unified_timestamp(re.sub(r'[_ ]GMT', '', xml_text(token, date_ele)))
            return token_expires and token_expires <= int(time.time())

-        def post_form(form_page_res, note, data={}):
+        def post_form(form_page_res, note, data={}, validate_url=False):
            form_page, urlh = form_page_res
            post_url = self._html_search_regex(r'<form[^>]+action=(["\'])(?P<url>.+?)\1', form_page, 'post url', group='url')
            if not re.match(r'https?://', post_url):
                post_url = urllib.parse.urljoin(urlh.url, post_url)
+            if validate_url:
+                # This request is submitting credentials so we should validate it when possible
+                url_parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(post_url)
+                expected_hostname = mso_info.get('login_hostname')
+                if expected_hostname and expected_hostname != url_parsed.hostname:
+                    raise ExtractorError(
+                        f'Unexpected login URL hostname; expected "{expected_hostname}" but got '
+                        f'"{url_parsed.hostname}". Aborting before submitting credentials')
+                if url_parsed.scheme != 'https':
+                    self.write_debug('Upgrading login URL scheme to https')
+                    post_url = urllib.parse.urlunparse(url_parsed._replace(scheme='https'))
            form_data = self._hidden_inputs(form_page)
            form_data.update(data)
            return self._download_webpage_handle(
                post_url, video_id, note, data=urlencode_postdata(form_data), headers={
+                    **self._get_mso_headers(mso_info),
                    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
                })

@ -1432,40 +1468,72 @@ class AdobePassIE(InfoExtractor):  # XXX: Conventionally, base classes should en
        }

        guid = xml_text(resource, 'guid') if '<' in resource else resource
-        count = 0
-        while count < 2:
+        for _ in range(2):
            requestor_info = self.cache.load(self._MVPD_CACHE, requestor_id) or {}
            authn_token = requestor_info.get('authn_token')
            if authn_token and is_expired(authn_token, 'simpleTokenExpires'):
                authn_token = None
            if not authn_token:
-                mso_id = self.get_param('ap_mso')
-                if mso_id:
-                    username, password = self._get_login_info('ap_username', 'ap_password', mso_id)
-                    if not username or not password:
-                        raise_mvpd_required()
-                    mso_info = MSO_INFO[mso_id]
-
-                    provider_redirect_page_res = self._download_webpage_handle(
-                        self._SERVICE_PROVIDER_TEMPLATE % 'authenticate/saml', video_id,
-                        'Downloading Provider Redirect Page', query={
-                            'noflash': 'true',
-                            'mso_id': mso_id,
-                            'requestor_id': requestor_id,
-                            'no_iframe': 'false',
-                            'domain_name': 'adobe.com',
-                            'redirect_url': url,
-                        }, headers={
-                            # yt-dlp's default user-agent is usually too old for Comcast_SSO
-                            # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10848
-                            'User-Agent': self._MODERN_USER_AGENT,
-                        } if mso_id == 'Comcast_SSO' else None)
-                elif not self._cookies_passed:
+                if not mso_id:
+                    raise_mvpd_required()
+                username, password = self._get_login_info('ap_username', 'ap_password', mso_id)
+                if not username or not password:
                    raise_mvpd_required()

-                if not mso_id:
-                    pass
-                elif mso_id == 'Comcast_SSO':
+                device_info, urlh = self._download_json_handle(
+                    'https://sp.auth.adobe.com/indiv/devices',
+                    video_id, 'Registering device with Adobe',
+                    data=json.dumps({'fingerprint': uuid.uuid4().hex}).encode(),
+                    headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8'})
+
+                device_id = device_info['deviceId']
+                mvpd_headers['pass_sfp'] = urlh.get_header('pass_sfp')
+                mvpd_headers['Ap_21'] = device_id
+
+                registration = self._download_json(
+                    'https://sp.auth.adobe.com/o/client/register',
+                    video_id, 'Registering client with Adobe',
+                    data=json.dumps({'software_statement': software_statement}).encode(),
+                    headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8'})
+
+                access_token = self._download_json(
+                    'https://sp.auth.adobe.com/o/client/token', video_id,
+                    'Obtaining access token', data=urlencode_postdata({
+                        'grant_type': 'client_credentials',
+                        'client_id': registration['client_id'],
+                        'client_secret': registration['client_secret'],
+                    }),
+                    headers={
+                        'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
+                    })['access_token']
+                mvpd_headers['Authorization'] = f'Bearer {access_token}'
+
+                reg_code = self._download_json(
+                    f'https://sp.auth.adobe.com/reggie/v1/{requestor_id}/regcode',
+                    video_id, 'Obtaining registration code',
+                    data=urlencode_postdata({
+                        'requestor': requestor_id,
+                        'deviceId': device_id,
+                        'format': 'json',
+                    }),
+                    headers={
+                        'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
+                        'Authorization': f'Bearer {access_token}',
+                    })['code']
+
+                provider_redirect_page_res = self._download_webpage_handle(
+                    self._SERVICE_PROVIDER_TEMPLATE % 'authenticate/saml', video_id,
+                    'Downloading Provider Redirect Page', query={
+                        'noflash': 'true',
+                        'mso_id': mso_id,
+                        'requestor_id': requestor_id,
+                        'no_iframe': 'false',
+                        'domain_name': 'adobe.com',
+                        'redirect_url': url,
+                        'reg_code': reg_code,
+                    }, headers=self._get_mso_headers(mso_info))
+
+                if mso_id == 'Comcast_SSO':
                    # Comcast page flow varies by video site and whether you
                    # are on Comcast's network.
                    provider_redirect_page, urlh = provider_redirect_page_res
@ -1489,8 +1557,8 @@ class AdobePassIE(InfoExtractor):  # XXX: Conventionally, base classes should en
                            oauth_redirect_url = extract_redirect_url(
                                provider_redirect_page, fatal=True)
                            provider_login_page_res = self._download_webpage_handle(
-                                oauth_redirect_url, video_id,
-                                self._DOWNLOADING_LOGIN_PAGE)
+                                oauth_redirect_url, video_id, self._DOWNLOADING_LOGIN_PAGE,
+                                headers=self._get_mso_headers(mso_info))
                        else:
                            provider_login_page_res = post_form(
                                provider_redirect_page_res,
@ -1500,24 +1568,35 @@ class AdobePassIE(InfoExtractor):  # XXX: Conventionally, base classes should en
                            provider_login_page_res, 'Logging in', {
                                mso_info['username_field']: username,
                                mso_info['password_field']: password,
-                            })
+                            }, validate_url=True)
                        mvpd_confirm_page, urlh = mvpd_confirm_page_res
                        if '<button class="submit" value="Resume">Resume</button>' in mvpd_confirm_page:
                            post_form(mvpd_confirm_page_res, 'Confirming Login')
                elif mso_id == 'Philo':
                    # Philo has very unique authentication method
-                    self._download_webpage(
-                        'https://idp.philo.com/auth/init/login_code', video_id, 'Requesting auth code', data=urlencode_postdata({
+                    self._request_webpage(
+                        'https://idp.philo.com/auth/init/login_code', video_id,
+                        'Requesting Philo auth code', data=json.dumps({
                            'ident': username,
                            'device': 'web',
                            'send_confirm_link': False,
                            'send_token': True,
-                        }))
+                            'device_ident': f'web-{uuid.uuid4().hex}',
+                            'include_login_link': True,
+                        }).encode(), headers={
+                            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+                            'Accept': 'application/json',
+                        })
+
                    philo_code = getpass.getpass('Type auth code you have received [Return]: ')
-                    self._download_webpage(
-                        'https://idp.philo.com/auth/update/login_code', video_id, 'Submitting token', data=urlencode_postdata({
-                            'token': philo_code,
-                        }))
+                    self._request_webpage(
+                        'https://idp.philo.com/auth/update/login_code', video_id,
+                        'Submitting token', data=json.dumps({'token': philo_code}).encode(),
+                        headers={
+                            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+                            'Accept': 'application/json',
+                        })
+
                    mvpd_confirm_page_res = self._download_webpage_handle('https://idp.philo.com/idp/submit', video_id, 'Confirming Philo Login')
                    post_form(mvpd_confirm_page_res, 'Confirming Login')
                elif mso_id == 'Verizon':
@ -1539,7 +1618,7 @@ class AdobePassIE(InfoExtractor):  # XXX: Conventionally, base classes should en
                            provider_redirect_page_res, 'Logging in', {
                                mso_info['username_field']: username,
                                mso_info['password_field']: password,
-                            })
+                            }, validate_url=True)
                        saml_login_page, urlh = saml_login_page_res
                        if 'Please try again.' in saml_login_page:
                            raise ExtractorError(
@ -1560,7 +1639,7 @@ class AdobePassIE(InfoExtractor):  # XXX: Conventionally, base classes should en
                            [saml_login_page, saml_redirect_url], 'Logging in', {
                                mso_info['username_field']: username,
                                mso_info['password_field']: password,
-                            })
+                            }, validate_url=True)
                        if 'Please try again.' in saml_login_page:
                            raise ExtractorError(
                                'Failed to login, incorrect User ID or Password.')
@ -1631,7 +1710,7 @@ class AdobePassIE(InfoExtractor):  # XXX: Conventionally, base classes should en
                        provider_login_page_res, 'Logging in', {
                            mso_info['username_field']: username,
                            mso_info['password_field']: password,
-                        })
+                        }, validate_url=True)

                    provider_refresh_redirect_url = extract_redirect_url(
                        provider_association_redirect, url=urlh.url)
@ -1682,7 +1761,7 @@ class AdobePassIE(InfoExtractor):  # XXX: Conventionally, base classes should en
                        provider_login_page_res, 'Logging in', {
                            mso_info['username_field']: username,
                            mso_info['password_field']: password,
-                        })
+                        }, validate_url=True)

                    provider_refresh_redirect_url = extract_redirect_url(
                        provider_association_redirect, url=urlh.url)
@ -1699,6 +1778,27 @@ class AdobePassIE(InfoExtractor):  # XXX: Conventionally, base classes should en
                        query=hidden_data)

                    post_form(mvpd_confirm_page_res, 'Confirming Login')
+                elif mso_id == 'Fubo':
+                    _, urlh = provider_redirect_page_res
+
+                    fubo_response = self._download_json(
+                        'https://api.fubo.tv/partners/tve/connect', video_id,
+                        'Authenticating with Fubo', 'Unable to authenticate with Fubo',
+                        query=parse_qs(urlh.url), data=json.dumps({
+                            'username': username,
+                            'password': password,
+                        }).encode(), headers={
+                            'Accept': 'application/json',
+                            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+                        })
+
+                    self._request_webpage(
+                        'https://sp.auth.adobe.com/adobe-services/oauth2', video_id,
+                        'Authenticating with Adobe', 'Failed to authenticate with Adobe',
+                        query={
+                            'code': fubo_response['code'],
+                            'state': fubo_response['state'],
+                        })
                else:
                    # Some providers (e.g. DIRECTV NOW) have another meta refresh
                    # based redirect that should be followed.
@ -1717,7 +1817,8 @@ class AdobePassIE(InfoExtractor):  # XXX: Conventionally, base classes should en
                    }
                    if mso_id in ('Cablevision', 'AlticeOne'):
                        form_data['_eventId_proceed'] = ''
-                    mvpd_confirm_page_res = post_form(provider_login_page_res, 'Logging in', form_data)
+                    mvpd_confirm_page_res = post_form(
+                        provider_login_page_res, 'Logging in', form_data, validate_url=True)
                    if mso_id != 'Rogers':
                        post_form(mvpd_confirm_page_res, 'Confirming Login')

@ -1727,6 +1828,7 @@ class AdobePassIE(InfoExtractor):  # XXX: Conventionally, base classes should en
                        'Retrieving Session', data=urlencode_postdata({
                            '_method': 'GET',
                            'requestor_id': requestor_id,
+                            'reg_code': reg_code,
                        }), headers=mvpd_headers)
                except ExtractorError as e:
                    if not mso_id and isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
@ -1734,7 +1836,6 @@ class AdobePassIE(InfoExtractor):  # XXX: Conventionally, base classes should en
                    raise
                if '<pendingLogout' in session:
                    self.cache.store(self._MVPD_CACHE, requestor_id, {})
-                    count += 1
                    continue
                authn_token = unescapeHTML(xml_text(session, 'authnToken'))
                requestor_info['authn_token'] = authn_token
@ -1755,7 +1856,6 @@ class AdobePassIE(InfoExtractor):  # XXX: Conventionally, base classes should en
                    }), headers=mvpd_headers)
                if '<pendingLogout' in authorize:
                    self.cache.store(self._MVPD_CACHE, requestor_id, {})
-                    count += 1
                    continue
                if '<error' in authorize:
                    raise ExtractorError(xml_text(authorize, 'details'), expected=True)
@ -1778,6 +1878,5 @@ class AdobePassIE(InfoExtractor):  # XXX: Conventionally, base classes should en
                }), headers=mvpd_headers)
            if '<pendingLogout' in short_authorize:
                self.cache.store(self._MVPD_CACHE, requestor_id, {})
-                count += 1
                continue
            return short_authorize
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/adultswim.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/adultswim.py
@ -84,6 +84,8 @@ class AdultSwimIE(TurnerBaseIE):
        'skip': '404 Not Found',
    }]

+    _SOFTWARE_STATEMENT = 'eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIwNjg5ZmU2My00OTc5LTQxZmQtYWYxNC1hYjVlNmJjNWVkZWIiLCJuYmYiOjE1MzcxOTA2NzQsImlzcyI6ImF1dGguYWRvYmUuY29tIiwiaWF0IjoxNTM3MTkwNjc0fQ.Xl3AEduM0s1TxDQ6-XssdKIiLm261hhsEv1C1yo_nitIajZThSI9rXILqtIzO0aujoHhdzUnu_dUCq9ffiSBzEG632tTa1la-5tegHtce80cMhewBN4n2t8n9O5tiaPx8MPY8ALdm5wS7QzWE6DO_LTJKgE8Bl7Yv-CWJT4q4SywtNiQWLVOuhBRnDyfsRezxRwptw8qTn9dv5ZzUrVJaby5fDZ_nOncMKvegOgaKd5KEuCAGQ-mg-PSuValMjGuf6FwDguGaK7IyI5Y2oOrzXmD4Dj7q4WBg8w9QoZhtLeAU56mcsGILolku2R5FHlVLO9xhjResyt-pfmegOkpSw'
+
    def _real_extract(self, url):
        show_path, episode_path = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
        display_id = episode_path or show_path
@ -152,7 +154,7 @@ class AdultSwimIE(TurnerBaseIE):
                    # CDN_TOKEN_APP_ID from:
                    # https://d2gg02c3xr550i.cloudfront.net/assets/asvp.e9c8bef24322d060ef87.bundle.js
                    'appId': 'eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJhcHBJZCI6ImFzLXR2ZS1kZXNrdG9wLXB0enQ2bSIsInByb2R1Y3QiOiJ0dmUiLCJuZXR3b3JrIjoiYXMiLCJwbGF0Zm9ybSI6ImRlc2t0b3AiLCJpYXQiOjE1MzI3MDIyNzl9.BzSCk-WYOZ2GMCIaeVb8zWnzhlgnXuJTCu0jGp_VaZE',
-                }, {
+                }, self._SOFTWARE_STATEMENT, {
                    'url': url,
                    'site_name': 'AdultSwim',
                    'auth_required': auth,
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/aenetworks.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/aenetworks.py
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import json
+
 from .theplatform import ThePlatformIE
 from ..utils import (
    ExtractorError,
@ -6,7 +8,6 @@ from ..utils import (
    remove_start,
    traverse_obj,
    update_url_query,
-    urlencode_postdata,
 )


@ -20,13 +21,13 @@ class AENetworksBaseIE(ThePlatformIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
    _THEPLATFORM_KEY = '43jXaGRQud'
    _THEPLATFORM_SECRET = 'S10BPXHMlb'
    _DOMAIN_MAP = {
-        'history.com': ('HISTORY', 'history'),
-        'aetv.com': ('AETV', 'aetv'),
-        'mylifetime.com': ('LIFETIME', 'lifetime'),
-        'lifetimemovieclub.com': ('LIFETIMEMOVIECLUB', 'lmc'),
-        'fyi.tv': ('FYI', 'fyi'),
-        'historyvault.com': (None, 'historyvault'),
-        'biography.com': (None, 'biography'),
+        'history.com': ('HISTORY', 'history', 'eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiI1MzZlMTQ3ZS0zMzFhLTQxY2YtYTMwNC01MDA2NzNlOGYwYjYiLCJuYmYiOjE1Mzg2NjMzMDksImlzcyI6ImF1dGguYWRvYmUuY29tIiwiaWF0IjoxNTM4NjYzMzA5fQ.n24-FVHLGXJe2D4atIQZ700aiXKIajKh5PWFoHJ40Az4itjtwwSFHnvufnoal3T8lYkwNLxce7H-IEGxIykRkZEdwq09pMKMT-ft9ASzE4vQ8fAWbf5ZgDME86x4Jq_YaxkRc9Ne0eShGhl8fgTJHvk07sfWcol61HJ7kU7K8FzzcHR0ucFQgA5VNd8RyjoGWY7c6VxnXR214LOpXsywmit04-vGJC102b_WA2EQfqI93UzG6M6l0EeV4n0_ijP3s8_i8WMJZ_uwnTafCIY6G_731i01dKXDLSFzG1vYglAwDa8DTcdrAAuIFFDF6QNGItCCmwbhjufjmoeVb7R1Gg'),
+        'aetv.com': ('AETV', 'aetv', 'eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiI5Y2IwNjg2Yy03ODUxLTRiZDUtODcyMC00MjNlZTg1YTQ1NzMiLCJuYmYiOjE1Mzg2NjMyOTAsImlzcyI6ImF1dGguYWRvYmUuY29tIiwiaWF0IjoxNTM4NjYzMjkwfQ.T5Elf0X4TndO4NEgqBas1gDxNHGPVk_daO2Ha5FBzVO6xi3zM7eavdAKfYMCN7gpWYJx03iADaVPtczO_t_aGZczDjpwJHgTUzDgvcLZAVsVDqtDIAMy3S846rPgT6UDbVoxurA7B2VTPm9phjrSXhejvd0LBO8MQL4AZ3sy2VmiPJ2noT1ily5PuHCYlkrT1fheO064duR__Cd9DQ5VTMnKjzY3Cx345CEwKDkUk5gwgxhXM-aY0eblehrq8VD81_aRM_O3tvh7nbTydHOnUpV-k_iKVi49gqz7Sf8zb6Zh5z2Uftn3vYCfE5NQuesitoRMnsH17nW7o_D59hkRgg'),
+        'mylifetime.com': ('LIFETIME', 'lifetime', 'eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJmODg0MDM1ZC1mZGRmLTRmYjgtYmRkMC05MzRhZDdiYTAwYTciLCJuYmYiOjE1NDkzOTI2NDQsImlzcyI6ImF1dGguYWRvYmUuY29tIiwiaWF0IjoxNTQ5MzkyNjQ0fQ.vkTIaCpheKdKQd__2-3ec4qkcpbAhyCTvwe5iTl922ItSQfVhpEJG4wseVSNmBTrpBi0hvLedcw6Hj1_UuzBMVuVcCqLprU-pI8recEwL0u7G-eVkylsxe1OTUm1o3V6OykXQ9KlA-QQLL1neUhdhR1n5B1LZ4cmtBmiEpfgf4rFwXD1ScFylIcaWKLBqHoRBNUmxyTmoXXvn_A-GGSj9eCizFzY8W5uBwUcsoiw2Cr1skx7PbB2RSP1I5DsoIJKG-8XV1KS7MWl-fNLjE-hVAsI9znqfEEFcPBiv3LhCP4Nf4OIs7xAselMn0M0c8igRUZhURWX_hdygUAxkbKFtQ'),
+        'fyi.tv': ('FYI', 'fyi', 'eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxOGZiOWM3Ny1mYmMzLTQxYTktYmE1Yi1lMzM0ZmUzNzU4NjEiLCJuYmYiOjE1ODc1ODAzNzcsImlzcyI6ImF1dGguYWRvYmUuY29tIiwiaWF0IjoxNTg3NTgwMzc3fQ.AYDuipKswmIfLBfOjHRsfc5fMV5NmJUmiJnkpiep4VEw9QiXkygFj4bN06Si5tFc5Mee5TDrGzDpV6iuKbVpLT5kuqXhAn-Wozf5zKPsg_IpdEKO7gsiCq4calt72ct44KTqtKD_hVcoxQU24_HaJsRgXzu3B-6Ff6UrmsXkyvYifYVC9v2DSkdCuA02_IrlllzVT2kRuefUXgL4vQRtTFf77uYa0RKSTG7uVkiQ_AU41eXevKlO2qgtc14Hk5cZ7-ZNrDyMCXYA5ngdIHP7Gs9PWaFXT36PFHI_rC4EfxUABPzjQFxjpP75aX5qn8SH__HbM9q3hoPWgaEaf76qIQ'),
+        'lifetimemovieclub.com': ('LIFETIMEMOVIECLUB', 'lmc', None),
+        'historyvault.com': (None, 'historyvault', None),
+        'biography.com': (None, 'biography', None),
    }

    def _extract_aen_smil(self, smil_url, video_id, auth=None):
@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ class AENetworksBaseIE(ThePlatformIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
        }

    def _extract_aetn_info(self, domain, filter_key, filter_value, url):
-        requestor_id, brand = self._DOMAIN_MAP[domain]
+        requestor_id, brand, software_statement = self._DOMAIN_MAP[domain]
        result = self._download_json(
            f'https://feeds.video.aetnd.com/api/v2/{brand}/videos',
            filter_value, query={f'filter[{filter_key}]': filter_value})
@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ class AENetworksBaseIE(ThePlatformIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                theplatform_metadata.get('AETN$PPL_pplProgramId') or theplatform_metadata.get('AETN$PPL_pplProgramId_OLD'),
                traverse_obj(theplatform_metadata, ('ratings', 0, 'rating')))
            auth = self._extract_mvpd_auth(
-                url, video_id, requestor_id, resource)
+                url, video_id, requestor_id, resource, software_statement)
        info.update(self._extract_aen_smil(media_url, video_id, auth))
        info.update({
            'title': title,
@ -132,10 +133,11 @@ class AENetworksIE(AENetworksBaseIE):
            'tags': 'count:14',
            'categories': ['Mountain Men'],
            'episode_number': 1,
-            'episode': 'Episode 1',
+            'episode': 'Winter Is Coming',
            'season': 'Season 1',
            'season_number': 1,
            'series': 'Mountain Men',
+            'age_limit': 0,
        },
        'params': {
            # m3u8 download
@ -157,18 +159,18 @@ class AENetworksIE(AENetworksBaseIE):
            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpe?g$',
            'chapters': 'count:4',
            'tags': 'count:23',
-            'episode': 'Episode 1',
+            'episode': 'Inlawful Entry',
            'episode_number': 1,
            'season': 'Season 9',
            'season_number': 9,
            'series': 'Duck Dynasty',
+            'age_limit': 0,
        },
        'params': {
            # m3u8 download
            'skip_download': True,
        },
        'add_ie': ['ThePlatform'],
-        'skip': 'This video is only available for users of participating TV providers.',
    }, {
        'url': 'http://www.fyi.tv/shows/tiny-house-nation/season-1/episode-8',
        'only_matching': True,
@ -203,18 +205,19 @@ class AENetworksIE(AENetworksBaseIE):
 class AENetworksListBaseIE(AENetworksBaseIE):
    def _call_api(self, resource, slug, brand, fields):
        return self._download_json(
-            'https://yoga.appsvcs.aetnd.com/graphql',
-            slug, query={'brand': brand}, data=urlencode_postdata({
+            'https://yoga.appsvcs.aetnd.com/graphql', slug,
+            query={'brand': brand}, headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
+            data=json.dumps({
                'query': '''{
  %s(slug: "%s") {
    %s
  }
 }''' % (resource, slug, fields),  # noqa: UP031
-            }))['data'][resource]
+            }).encode())['data'][resource]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        domain, slug = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
-        _, brand = self._DOMAIN_MAP[domain]
+        _, brand, _ = self._DOMAIN_MAP[domain]
        playlist = self._call_api(self._RESOURCE, slug, brand, self._FIELDS)
        base_url = f'http://watch.{domain}'

--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/amcnetworks.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/amcnetworks.py
@ -1,32 +1,24 @@
-import re
-
-from .theplatform import ThePlatformIE
-from ..utils import (
-    int_or_none,
-    parse_age_limit,
-    try_get,
-    update_url_query,
-)
+from .brightcove import BrightcoveNewIE
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj


-class AMCNetworksIE(ThePlatformIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?P<site>amc|bbcamerica|ifc|(?:we|sundance)tv)\.com/(?P<id>(?:movies|shows(?:/[^/]+)+)/[^/?#&]+)'
+class AMCNetworksIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:amc|bbcamerica|ifc|(?:we|sundance)tv)\.com/(?P<id>(?:movies|shows(?:/[^/?#]+)+)/[^/?#&]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.bbcamerica.com/shows/the-graham-norton-show/videos/tina-feys-adorable-airline-themed-family-dinner--51631',
+        'url': 'https://www.amc.com/shows/dark-winds/videos/dark-winds-a-look-at-season-3--1072027',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '4Lq1dzOnZGt0',
+            'id': '6369261343112',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': "The Graham Norton Show - Season 28 - Tina Fey's Adorable Airline-Themed Family Dinner",
-            'description': "It turns out child stewardesses are very generous with the wine! All-new episodes of 'The Graham Norton Show' premiere Fridays at 11/10c on BBC America.",
-            'upload_date': '20201120',
-            'timestamp': 1605904350,
-            'uploader': 'AMCN',
+            'title': 'Dark Winds: A Look at Season 3',
+            'uploader_id': '6240731308001',
+            'duration': 176.427,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://[^/]+\.boltdns\.net/.+/image\.jpg',
+            'tags': [],
+            'timestamp': 1740414792,
+            'upload_date': '20250224',
        },
-        'params': {
-            # m3u8 download
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-        'skip': '404 Not Found',
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
    }, {
        'url': 'http://www.bbcamerica.com/shows/the-hunt/full-episodes/season-1/episode-01-the-hardest-challenge',
        'only_matching': True,
@ -52,96 +44,18 @@ class AMCNetworksIE(ThePlatformIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
        'url': 'https://www.sundancetv.com/shows/riviera/full-episodes/season-1/episode-01-episode-1',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]
-    _REQUESTOR_ID_MAP = {
-        'amc': 'AMC',
-        'bbcamerica': 'BBCA',
-        'ifc': 'IFC',
-        'sundancetv': 'SUNDANCE',
-        'wetv': 'WETV',
-    }

    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        site, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
-        requestor_id = self._REQUESTOR_ID_MAP[site]
-        page_data = self._download_json(
-            f'https://content-delivery-gw.svc.ds.amcn.com/api/v2/content/amcn/{requestor_id.lower()}/url/{display_id}',
-            display_id)['data']
-        properties = page_data.get('properties') or {}
-        query = {
-            'mbr': 'true',
-            'manifest': 'm3u',
-        }
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+        initial_data = self._search_json(
+            r'window\.initialData\s*=\s*JSON\.parse\(String\.raw`', webpage, 'initial data', display_id)
+        video_id = traverse_obj(initial_data, ('initialData', 'properties', 'videoId', {str}))
+        if not video_id:  # All locked videos are now DRM-protected
+            self.report_drm(display_id)
+        account_id = initial_data['config']['brightcove']['accountId']
+        player_id = initial_data['config']['brightcove']['playerId']

-        video_player_count = 0
-        try:
-            for v in page_data['children']:
-                if v.get('type') == 'video-player':
-                    release_pid = v['properties']['currentVideo']['meta']['releasePid']
-                    tp_path = 'M_UwQC/' + release_pid
-                    media_url = 'https://link.theplatform.com/s/' + tp_path
-                    video_player_count += 1
-        except KeyError:
-            pass
-        if video_player_count > 1:
-            self.report_warning(
-                f'The JSON data has {video_player_count} video players. Only one will be extracted')
-
-        # Fall back to videoPid if releasePid not found.
-        # TODO: Fall back to videoPid if releasePid manifest uses DRM.
-        if not video_player_count:
-            tp_path = 'M_UwQC/media/' + properties['videoPid']
-            media_url = 'https://link.theplatform.com/s/' + tp_path
-
-        theplatform_metadata = self._download_theplatform_metadata(tp_path, display_id)
-        info = self._parse_theplatform_metadata(theplatform_metadata)
-        video_id = theplatform_metadata['pid']
-        title = theplatform_metadata['title']
-        rating = try_get(
-            theplatform_metadata, lambda x: x['ratings'][0]['rating'])
-        video_category = properties.get('videoCategory')
-        if video_category and video_category.endswith('-Auth'):
-            resource = self._get_mvpd_resource(
-                requestor_id, title, video_id, rating)
-            query['auth'] = self._extract_mvpd_auth(
-                url, video_id, requestor_id, resource)
-        media_url = update_url_query(media_url, query)
-        formats, subtitles = self._extract_theplatform_smil(
-            media_url, video_id)
-
-        thumbnails = []
-        thumbnail_urls = [properties.get('imageDesktop')]
-        if 'thumbnail' in info:
-            thumbnail_urls.append(info.pop('thumbnail'))
-        for thumbnail_url in thumbnail_urls:
-            if not thumbnail_url:
-                continue
-            mobj = re.search(r'(\d+)x(\d+)', thumbnail_url)
-            thumbnails.append({
-                'url': thumbnail_url,
-                'width': int(mobj.group(1)) if mobj else None,
-                'height': int(mobj.group(2)) if mobj else None,
-            })
-
-        info.update({
-            'age_limit': parse_age_limit(rating),
-            'formats': formats,
-            'id': video_id,
-            'subtitles': subtitles,
-            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
-        })
-        ns_keys = theplatform_metadata.get('$xmlns', {}).keys()
-        if ns_keys:
-            ns = next(iter(ns_keys))
-            episode = theplatform_metadata.get(ns + '$episodeTitle') or None
-            episode_number = int_or_none(
-                theplatform_metadata.get(ns + '$episode'))
-            season_number = int_or_none(
-                theplatform_metadata.get(ns + '$season'))
-            series = theplatform_metadata.get(ns + '$show') or None
-            info.update({
-                'episode': episode,
-                'episode_number': episode_number,
-                'season_number': season_number,
-                'series': series,
-            })
-        return info
+        return self.url_result(
+            f'https://players.brightcove.net/{account_id}/{player_id}_default/index.html?videoId={video_id}',
+            BrightcoveNewIE, video_id)
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bilibili.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bilibili.py
@ -816,6 +816,26 @@ class BiliBiliBangumiIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
            'upload_date': '20111104',
            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(jpg|jpeg|png)$',
        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'new playurlSSRData scheme',
+        'url': 'https://www.bilibili.com/bangumi/play/ep678060',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '678060',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'series': '去你家吃饭好吗',
+            'series_id': '6198',
+            'season': '第二季',
+            'season_id': '42542',
+            'season_number': 2,
+            'episode': '吴老二：你家大公鸡养不熟，能煮熟吗…',
+            'episode_id': '678060',
+            'episode_number': 61,
+            'title': '一只小九九丫 吴老二：你家大公鸡养不熟，能煮熟吗…',
+            'duration': 266.123,
+            'timestamp': 1663315904,
+            'upload_date': '20220916',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(jpg|jpeg|png)$',
+        },
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.bilibili.com/bangumi/play/ep267851',
        'info_dict': {
@ -879,12 +899,26 @@ class BiliBiliBangumiIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
                'Extracting episode', query={'fnval': 12240, 'ep_id': episode_id},
                headers=headers))

+        geo_blocked = traverse_obj(play_info, (
+            'raw', 'data', 'plugins', lambda _, v: v['name'] == 'AreaLimitPanel', 'config', 'is_block', {bool}, any))
        premium_only = play_info.get('code') == -10403
-        play_info = traverse_obj(play_info, ('result', 'video_info', {dict})) or {}

-        formats = self.extract_formats(play_info)
-        if not formats and (premium_only or '成为大会员抢先看' in webpage or '开通大会员观看' in webpage):
-            self.raise_login_required('This video is for premium members only')
+        video_info = traverse_obj(play_info, (('result', ('raw', 'data')), 'video_info', {dict}, any)) or {}
+        formats = self.extract_formats(video_info)
+
+        if not formats:
+            if geo_blocked:
+                self.raise_geo_restricted()
+            elif premium_only or '成为大会员抢先看' in webpage or '开通大会员观看' in webpage:
+                self.raise_login_required('This video is for premium members only')
+
+        if traverse_obj(play_info, ((
+            ('result', 'play_check', 'play_detail'),  # 'PLAY_PREVIEW' vs 'PLAY_WHOLE'
+            ('raw', 'data', 'play_video_type'),  # 'preview' vs 'whole'
+        ), any, {lambda x: x in ('PLAY_PREVIEW', 'preview')})):
+            self.report_warning(
+                'Only preview format is available, '
+                f'you have to become a premium member to access full video. {self._login_hint()}')

        bangumi_info = self._download_json(
            'https://api.bilibili.com/pgc/view/web/season', episode_id, 'Get episode details',
@ -922,7 +956,7 @@ class BiliBiliBangumiIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
            'season': str_or_none(season_title),
            'season_id': str_or_none(season_id),
            'season_number': season_number,
-            'duration': float_or_none(play_info.get('timelength'), scale=1000),
+            'duration': float_or_none(video_info.get('timelength'), scale=1000),
            'subtitles': self.extract_subtitles(episode_id, episode_info.get('cid'), aid=aid),
            '__post_extractor': self.extract_comments(aid),
            'http_headers': {'Referer': url},
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bitchute.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bitchute.py
@ -1,30 +1,32 @@
 import functools
+import json
 import re

 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..networking import HEADRequest
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
    ExtractorError,
    OnDemandPagedList,
    clean_html,
-    extract_attributes,
+    determine_ext,
+    format_field,
    get_element_by_class,
-    get_element_by_id,
-    get_element_html_by_class,
    get_elements_html_by_class,
    int_or_none,
    orderedSet,
    parse_count,
    parse_duration,
-    traverse_obj,
-    unified_strdate,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    url_or_none,
    urlencode_postdata,
    urljoin,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj


 class BitChuteIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www|old)\.)?bitchute\.com/(?:video|embed|torrent/[^/]+)/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www|old)\.)?bitchute\.com/(?:video|embed|torrent/[^/?#]+)/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
    _EMBED_REGEX = [rf'<(?:script|iframe)[^>]+\bsrc=(["\'])(?P<url>{_VALID_URL})']
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://www.bitchute.com/video/UGlrF9o9b-Q/',
@ -34,12 +36,17 @@ class BitChuteIE(InfoExtractor):
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'This is the first video on #BitChute !',
            'description': 'md5:a0337e7b1fe39e32336974af8173a034',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpg$',
            'uploader': 'BitChute',
            'upload_date': '20170103',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.bitchute.com/profile/I5NgtHZn9vPj/',
            'channel': 'BitChute',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.bitchute.com/channel/bitchute/',
+            'uploader_id': 'I5NgtHZn9vPj',
+            'channel_id': '1VBwRfyNcKdX',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'duration': 16.0,
+            'timestamp': 1483425443,
        },
    }, {
        # test case: video with different channel and uploader
@ -49,13 +56,18 @@ class BitChuteIE(InfoExtractor):
            'id': 'Yti_j9A-UZ4',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'Israel at War | Full Measure',
-            'description': 'md5:38cf7bc6f42da1a877835539111c69ef',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'description': 'md5:e60198b89971966d6030d22b3268f08f',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpg$',
            'uploader': 'sharylattkisson',
            'upload_date': '20231106',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.bitchute.com/profile/9K0kUWA9zmd9/',
            'channel': 'Full Measure with Sharyl Attkisson',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.bitchute.com/channel/sharylattkisson/',
+            'uploader_id': '9K0kUWA9zmd9',
+            'channel_id': 'NpdxoCRv3ZLb',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'duration': 554.0,
+            'timestamp': 1699296106,
        },
    }, {
        # video not downloadable in browser, but we can recover it
@ -66,25 +78,21 @@ class BitChuteIE(InfoExtractor):
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'filesize': 71537926,
            'title': 'STYXHEXENHAMMER666 - Election Fraud, Clinton 2020, EU Armies, and Gun Control',
-            'description': 'md5:228ee93bd840a24938f536aeac9cf749',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'description': 'md5:2029c7c212ccd4b040f52bb2d036ef4e',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpg$',
            'uploader': 'BitChute',
            'upload_date': '20181113',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.bitchute.com/profile/I5NgtHZn9vPj/',
            'channel': 'BitChute',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.bitchute.com/channel/bitchute/',
+            'uploader_id': 'I5NgtHZn9vPj',
+            'channel_id': '1VBwRfyNcKdX',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'duration': 1701.0,
+            'tags': ['bitchute'],
+            'timestamp': 1542130287,
        },
        'params': {'check_formats': None},
-    }, {
-        # restricted video
-        'url': 'https://www.bitchute.com/video/WEnQU7XGcTdl/',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'WEnQU7XGcTdl',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Impartial Truth - Ein Letzter Appell an die Vernunft',
-        },
-        'params': {'skip_download': True},
-        'skip': 'Georestricted in DE',
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.bitchute.com/embed/lbb5G1hjPhw/',
        'only_matching': True,
@ -96,11 +104,8 @@ class BitChuteIE(InfoExtractor):
        'only_matching': True,
    }]
    _GEO_BYPASS = False
-
-    _HEADERS = {
-        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.57 Safari/537.36',
-        'Referer': 'https://www.bitchute.com/',
-    }
+    _UPLOADER_URL_TMPL = 'https://www.bitchute.com/profile/%s/'
+    _CHANNEL_URL_TMPL = 'https://www.bitchute.com/channel/%s/'

    def _check_format(self, video_url, video_id):
        urls = orderedSet(
@ -112,7 +117,7 @@ class BitChuteIE(InfoExtractor):
        for url in urls:
            try:
                response = self._request_webpage(
-                    HEADRequest(url), video_id=video_id, note=f'Checking {url}', headers=self._HEADERS)
+                    HEADRequest(url), video_id=video_id, note=f'Checking {url}')
            except ExtractorError as e:
                self.to_screen(f'{video_id}: URL is invalid, skipping: {e.cause}')
                continue
@ -121,54 +126,79 @@ class BitChuteIE(InfoExtractor):
                'filesize': int_or_none(response.headers.get('Content-Length')),
            }

-    def _raise_if_restricted(self, webpage):
-        page_title = clean_html(get_element_by_class('page-title', webpage)) or ''
-        if re.fullmatch(r'(?:Channel|Video) Restricted', page_title):
-            reason = clean_html(get_element_by_id('page-detail', webpage)) or page_title
-            self.raise_geo_restricted(reason)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _make_url(html):
-        path = extract_attributes(get_element_html_by_class('spa', html) or '').get('href')
-        return urljoin('https://www.bitchute.com', path)
+    def _call_api(self, endpoint, data, display_id, fatal=True):
+        note = endpoint.rpartition('/')[2]
+        try:
+            return self._download_json(
+                f'https://api.bitchute.com/api/beta/{endpoint}', display_id,
+                f'Downloading {note} API JSON', f'Unable to download {note} API JSON',
+                data=json.dumps(data).encode(),
+                headers={
+                    'Accept': 'application/json',
+                    'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+                })
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
+                errors = '. '.join(traverse_obj(e.cause.response.read().decode(), (
+                    {json.loads}, 'errors', lambda _, v: v['context'] == 'reason', 'message', {str})))
+                if errors and 'location' in errors:
+                    # Can always be fatal since the video/media call will reach this code first
+                    self.raise_geo_restricted(errors)
+            if fatal:
+                raise
+            self.report_warning(e.msg)

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(
-            f'https://old.bitchute.com/video/{video_id}', video_id, headers=self._HEADERS)
-
-        self._raise_if_restricted(webpage)
-        publish_date = clean_html(get_element_by_class('video-publish-date', webpage))
-        entries = self._parse_html5_media_entries(url, webpage, video_id)
+        data = {'video_id': video_id}
+        media_url = self._call_api('video/media', data, video_id)['media_url']

        formats = []
-        for format_ in traverse_obj(entries, (0, 'formats', ...)):
+        if determine_ext(media_url) == 'm3u8':
+            formats.extend(
+                self._extract_m3u8_formats(media_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', live=True))
+        else:
            if self.get_param('check_formats') is not False:
-                format_.update(self._check_format(format_.pop('url'), video_id) or {})
-                if 'url' not in format_:
-                    continue
-            formats.append(format_)
+                if fmt := self._check_format(media_url, video_id):
+                    formats.append(fmt)
+            else:
+                formats.append({'url': media_url})

        if not formats:
            self.raise_no_formats(
                'Video is unavailable. Please make sure this video is playable in the browser '
                'before reporting this issue.', expected=True, video_id=video_id)

-        details = get_element_by_class('details', webpage) or ''
-        uploader_html = get_element_html_by_class('creator', details) or ''
-        channel_html = get_element_html_by_class('name', details) or ''
+        video = self._call_api('video', data, video_id, fatal=False)
+        channel = None
+        if channel_id := traverse_obj(video, ('channel', 'channel_id', {str})):
+            channel = self._call_api('channel', {'channel_id': channel_id}, video_id, fatal=False)

        return {
+            **traverse_obj(video, {
+                'title': ('video_name', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('thumbnail_url', {url_or_none}),
+                'channel': ('channel', 'channel_name', {str}),
+                'channel_id': ('channel', 'channel_id', {str}),
+                'channel_url': ('channel', 'channel_url', {urljoin('https://www.bitchute.com/')}),
+                'uploader_id': ('profile_id', {str}),
+                'uploader_url': ('profile_id', {format_field(template=self._UPLOADER_URL_TMPL)}, filter),
+                'timestamp': ('date_published', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {parse_duration}),
+                'tags': ('hashtags', ..., {str}, filter, all, filter),
+                'view_count': ('view_count', {int_or_none}),
+                'is_live': ('state_id', {lambda x: x == 'live'}),
+            }),
+            **traverse_obj(channel, {
+                'channel': ('channel_name', {str}),
+                'channel_id': ('channel_id', {str}),
+                'channel_url': ('url_slug', {format_field(template=self._CHANNEL_URL_TMPL)}, filter),
+                'uploader': ('profile_name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('profile_id', {str}),
+                'uploader_url': ('profile_id', {format_field(template=self._UPLOADER_URL_TMPL)}, filter),
+            }),
            'id': video_id,
-            'title': self._html_extract_title(webpage) or self._og_search_title(webpage),
-            'description': self._og_search_description(webpage, default=None),
-            'thumbnail': self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage),
-            'uploader': clean_html(uploader_html),
-            'uploader_url': self._make_url(uploader_html),
-            'channel': clean_html(channel_html),
-            'channel_url': self._make_url(channel_html),
-            'upload_date': unified_strdate(self._search_regex(
-                r'at \d+:\d+ UTC on (.+?)\.', publish_date, 'upload date', fatal=False)),
            'formats': formats,
        }

@ -190,7 +220,7 @@ class BitChuteChannelIE(InfoExtractor):
                    'ext': 'mp4',
                    'title': 'This is the first video on #BitChute !',
                    'description': 'md5:a0337e7b1fe39e32336974af8173a034',
-                    'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+                    'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpg$',
                    'uploader': 'BitChute',
                    'upload_date': '20170103',
                    'uploader_url': 'https://www.bitchute.com/profile/I5NgtHZn9vPj/',
@ -198,6 +228,9 @@ class BitChuteChannelIE(InfoExtractor):
                    'channel_url': 'https://www.bitchute.com/channel/bitchute/',
                    'duration': 16,
                    'view_count': int,
+                    'uploader_id': 'I5NgtHZn9vPj',
+                    'channel_id': '1VBwRfyNcKdX',
+                    'timestamp': 1483425443,
                },
            },
        ],
@ -213,6 +246,7 @@ class BitChuteChannelIE(InfoExtractor):
            'title': 'Bruce MacDonald and "The Light of Darkness"',
            'description': 'md5:747724ef404eebdfc04277714f81863e',
        },
+        'skip': '404 Not Found',
    }, {
        'url': 'https://old.bitchute.com/playlist/wV9Imujxasw9/',
        'only_matching': True,
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bravotv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bravotv.py
@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
-from .adobepass import AdobePassIE
-from ..networking import HEADRequest
-from ..utils import (
-    extract_attributes,
-    float_or_none,
-    get_element_html_by_class,
-    int_or_none,
-    merge_dicts,
-    parse_age_limit,
-    remove_end,
-    str_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
-    unescapeHTML,
-    unified_timestamp,
-    update_url_query,
-    url_or_none,
-)
-
-
-class BravoTVIE(AdobePassIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?P<site>bravotv|oxygen)\.com/(?:[^/]+/)+(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.bravotv.com/top-chef/season-16/episode-15/videos/the-top-chef-season-16-winner-is',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '3923059',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'The Top Chef Season 16 Winner Is...',
-            'description': 'Find out who takes the title of Top Chef!',
-            'upload_date': '20190314',
-            'timestamp': 1552591860,
-            'season_number': 16,
-            'episode_number': 15,
-            'series': 'Top Chef',
-            'episode': 'The Top Chef Season 16 Winner Is...',
-            'duration': 190.357,
-            'season': 'Season 16',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https://.+\.jpg',
-        },
-        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.bravotv.com/top-chef/season-20/episode-1/london-calling',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '9000234570',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'London Calling',
-            'description': 'md5:5af95a8cbac1856bd10e7562f86bb759',
-            'upload_date': '20230310',
-            'timestamp': 1678410000,
-            'season_number': 20,
-            'episode_number': 1,
-            'series': 'Top Chef',
-            'episode': 'London Calling',
-            'duration': 3266.03,
-            'season': 'Season 20',
-            'chapters': 'count:7',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https://.+\.jpg',
-            'age_limit': 14,
-        },
-        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
-        'skip': 'This video requires AdobePass MSO credentials',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.oxygen.com/in-ice-cold-blood/season-1/closing-night',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '3692045',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Closing Night',
-            'description': 'md5:3170065c5c2f19548d72a4cbc254af63',
-            'upload_date': '20180401',
-            'timestamp': 1522623600,
-            'season_number': 1,
-            'episode_number': 1,
-            'series': 'In Ice Cold Blood',
-            'episode': 'Closing Night',
-            'duration': 2629.051,
-            'season': 'Season 1',
-            'chapters': 'count:6',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https://.+\.jpg',
-            'age_limit': 14,
-        },
-        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
-        'skip': 'This video requires AdobePass MSO credentials',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.oxygen.com/in-ice-cold-blood/season-2/episode-16/videos/handling-the-horwitz-house-after-the-murder-season-2',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '3974019',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '\'Handling The Horwitz House After The Murder (Season 2, Episode 16)',
-            'description': 'md5:f9d638dd6946a1c1c0533a9c6100eae5',
-            'upload_date': '20190617',
-            'timestamp': 1560790800,
-            'season_number': 2,
-            'episode_number': 16,
-            'series': 'In Ice Cold Blood',
-            'episode': '\'Handling The Horwitz House After The Murder (Season 2, Episode 16)',
-            'duration': 68.235,
-            'season': 'Season 2',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https://.+\.jpg',
-            'age_limit': 14,
-        },
-        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.bravotv.com/below-deck/season-3/ep-14-reunion-part-1',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        site, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('site', 'id')
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-        settings = self._search_json(
-            r'<script[^>]+data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json"[^>]*>', webpage, 'settings', display_id)
-        tve = extract_attributes(get_element_html_by_class('tve-video-deck-app', webpage) or '')
-        query = {
-            'manifest': 'm3u',
-            'formats': 'm3u,mpeg4',
-        }
-
-        if tve:
-            account_pid = tve.get('data-mpx-media-account-pid') or 'HNK2IC'
-            account_id = tve['data-mpx-media-account-id']
-            metadata = self._parse_json(
-                tve.get('data-normalized-video', ''), display_id, fatal=False, transform_source=unescapeHTML)
-            video_id = tve.get('data-guid') or metadata['guid']
-            if tve.get('data-entitlement') == 'auth':
-                auth = traverse_obj(settings, ('tve_adobe_auth', {dict})) or {}
-                site = remove_end(site, 'tv')
-                release_pid = tve['data-release-pid']
-                resource = self._get_mvpd_resource(
-                    tve.get('data-adobe-pass-resource-id') or auth.get('adobePassResourceId') or site,
-                    tve['data-title'], release_pid, tve.get('data-rating'))
-                query.update({
-                    'switch': 'HLSServiceSecure',
-                    'auth': self._extract_mvpd_auth(
-                        url, release_pid, auth.get('adobePassRequestorId') or site, resource),
-                })
-
-        else:
-            ls_playlist = traverse_obj(settings, ('ls_playlist', ..., {dict}), get_all=False) or {}
-            account_pid = ls_playlist.get('mpxMediaAccountPid') or 'PHSl-B'
-            account_id = ls_playlist['mpxMediaAccountId']
-            video_id = ls_playlist['defaultGuid']
-            metadata = traverse_obj(
-                ls_playlist, ('videos', lambda _, v: v['guid'] == video_id, {dict}), get_all=False)
-
-        tp_url = f'https://link.theplatform.com/s/{account_pid}/media/guid/{account_id}/{video_id}'
-        tp_metadata = self._download_json(
-            update_url_query(tp_url, {'format': 'preview'}), video_id, fatal=False)
-
-        chapters = traverse_obj(tp_metadata, ('chapters', ..., {
-            'start_time': ('startTime', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
-            'end_time': ('endTime', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
-        }))
-        # prune pointless single chapters that span the entire duration from short videos
-        if len(chapters) == 1 and not traverse_obj(chapters, (0, 'end_time')):
-            chapters = None
-
-        m3u8_url = self._request_webpage(HEADRequest(
-            update_url_query(f'{tp_url}/stream.m3u8', query)), video_id, 'Checking m3u8 URL').url
-        if 'mpeg_cenc' in m3u8_url:
-            self.report_drm(video_id)
-        formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'formats': formats,
-            'subtitles': subtitles,
-            'chapters': chapters,
-            **merge_dicts(traverse_obj(tp_metadata, {
-                'title': 'title',
-                'description': 'description',
-                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
-                'timestamp': ('pubDate', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
-                'season_number': (('pl1$seasonNumber', 'nbcu$seasonNumber'), {int_or_none}),
-                'episode_number': (('pl1$episodeNumber', 'nbcu$episodeNumber'), {int_or_none}),
-                'series': (('pl1$show', 'nbcu$show'), (None, ...), {str}),
-                'episode': (('title', 'pl1$episodeNumber', 'nbcu$episodeNumber'), {str_or_none}),
-                'age_limit': ('ratings', ..., 'rating', {parse_age_limit}),
-            }, get_all=False), traverse_obj(metadata, {
-                'title': 'title',
-                'description': 'description',
-                'duration': ('durationInSeconds', {int_or_none}),
-                'timestamp': ('airDate', {unified_timestamp}),
-                'thumbnail': ('thumbnailUrl', {url_or_none}),
-                'season_number': ('seasonNumber', {int_or_none}),
-                'episode_number': ('episodeNumber', {int_or_none}),
-                'episode': 'episodeTitle',
-                'series': 'show',
-            })),
-        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/brightcove.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/brightcove.py
@ -495,8 +495,6 @@ class BrightcoveLegacyIE(InfoExtractor):

 class BrightcoveNewBaseIE(AdobePassIE):
    def _parse_brightcove_metadata(self, json_data, video_id, headers={}):
-        title = json_data['name'].strip()
-
        formats, subtitles = [], {}
        sources = json_data.get('sources') or []
        for source in sources:
@ -600,16 +598,18 @@ class BrightcoveNewBaseIE(AdobePassIE):

        return {
            'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': clean_html(json_data.get('description')),
            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
            'duration': duration,
-            'timestamp': parse_iso8601(json_data.get('published_at')),
-            'uploader_id': json_data.get('account_id'),
            'formats': formats,
            'subtitles': subtitles,
-            'tags': json_data.get('tags', []),
            'is_live': is_live,
+            **traverse_obj(json_data, {
+                'title': ('name', {clean_html}),
+                'description': ('description', {clean_html}),
+                'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}, filter, all, filter),
+                'timestamp': ('published_at', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'uploader_id': ('account_id', {str}),
+            }),
        }


@ -645,10 +645,7 @@ class BrightcoveNewIE(BrightcoveNewBaseIE):
            'uploader_id': '4036320279001',
            'formats': 'mincount:39',
        },
-        'params': {
-            # m3u8 download
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
+        'skip': '404 Not Found',
    }, {
        # playlist stream
        'url': 'https://players.brightcove.net/1752604059001/S13cJdUBz_default/index.html?playlistId=5718313430001',
@ -709,7 +706,6 @@ class BrightcoveNewIE(BrightcoveNewBaseIE):
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'TGD_01-032_5',
                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-                'tags': [],
                'timestamp': 1646078943,
                'uploader_id': '1569565978001',
                'upload_date': '20220228',
@ -721,7 +717,6 @@ class BrightcoveNewIE(BrightcoveNewBaseIE):
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'TGD 01-087 (Airs 05.25.22)_Segment 5',
                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-                'tags': [],
                'timestamp': 1651604591,
                'uploader_id': '1569565978001',
                'upload_date': '20220503',
@ -923,10 +918,18 @@ class BrightcoveNewIE(BrightcoveNewBaseIE):
        errors = json_data.get('errors')
        if errors and errors[0].get('error_subcode') == 'TVE_AUTH':
            custom_fields = json_data['custom_fields']
+            missing_fields = ', '.join(
+                key for key in ('source_url', 'software_statement') if not smuggled_data.get(key))
+            if missing_fields:
+                raise ExtractorError(
+                    f'Missing fields in smuggled data: {missing_fields}. '
+                    f'This video can be only extracted from the webpage where it is embedded. '
+                    f'Pass the URL of the embedding webpage instead of the Brightcove URL', expected=True)
            tve_token = self._extract_mvpd_auth(
                smuggled_data['source_url'], video_id,
                custom_fields['bcadobepassrequestorid'],
-                custom_fields['bcadobepassresourceid'])
+                custom_fields['bcadobepassresourceid'],
+                smuggled_data['software_statement'])
            json_data = self._download_json(
                api_url, video_id, headers={
                    'Accept': f'application/json;pk={policy_key}',
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cartoonnetwork.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cartoonnetwork.py
@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-from .turner import TurnerBaseIE
-from ..utils import int_or_none
-
-
-class CartoonNetworkIE(TurnerBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?cartoonnetwork\.com/video/(?:[^/]+/)+(?P<id>[^/?#]+)-(?:clip|episode)\.html'
-    _TEST = {
-        'url': 'https://www.cartoonnetwork.com/video/ben-10/how-to-draw-upgrade-episode.html',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '6e3375097f63874ebccec7ef677c1c3845fa850e',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'How to Draw Upgrade',
-            'description': 'md5:2061d83776db7e8be4879684eefe8c0f',
-        },
-        'params': {
-            # m3u8 download
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-    }
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        display_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-
-        def find_field(global_re, name, content_re=None, value_re='[^"]+', fatal=False):
-            metadata_re = ''
-            if content_re:
-                metadata_re = r'|video_metadata\.content_' + content_re
-            return self._search_regex(
-                rf'(?:_cnglobal\.currentVideo\.{global_re}{metadata_re})\s*=\s*"({value_re})";',
-                webpage, name, fatal=fatal)
-
-        media_id = find_field('mediaId', 'media id', 'id', '[0-9a-f]{40}', True)
-        title = find_field('episodeTitle', 'title', '(?:episodeName|name)', fatal=True)
-
-        info = self._extract_ngtv_info(
-            media_id, {'networkId': 'cartoonnetwork'}, {
-                'url': url,
-                'site_name': 'CartoonNetwork',
-                'auth_required': find_field('authType', 'auth type') != 'unauth',
-            })
-
-        series = find_field(
-            'propertyName', 'series', 'showName') or self._html_search_meta('partOfSeries', webpage)
-        info.update({
-            'id': media_id,
-            'display_id': display_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': self._html_search_meta('description', webpage),
-            'series': series,
-            'episode': title,
-        })
-
-        for field in ('season', 'episode'):
-            field_name = field + 'Number'
-            info[field + '_number'] = int_or_none(find_field(
-                field_name, field + ' number', value_re=r'\d+') or self._html_search_meta(field_name, webpage))
-
-        return info
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ from ..utils import (
    xpath_with_ns,
 )
 from ..utils._utils import _request_dump_filename
+from ..utils.jslib import devalue


 class InfoExtractor:
@ -1675,9 +1676,9 @@ class InfoExtractor:
                'ext': mimetype2ext(e.get('encodingFormat')),
                'title': unescapeHTML(e.get('name')),
                'description': unescapeHTML(e.get('description')),
-                'thumbnails': [{'url': unescapeHTML(url)}
-                               for url in variadic(traverse_obj(e, 'thumbnailUrl', 'thumbnailURL'))
-                               if url_or_none(url)],
+                'thumbnails': traverse_obj(e, (('thumbnailUrl', 'thumbnailURL', 'thumbnail_url'), (None, ...), {
+                    'url': ({str}, {unescapeHTML}, {self._proto_relative_url}, {url_or_none}),
+                })),
                'duration': parse_duration(e.get('duration')),
                'timestamp': unified_timestamp(e.get('uploadDate')),
                # author can be an instance of 'Organization' or 'Person' types.
@ -1795,6 +1796,63 @@ class InfoExtractor:
        ret = self._parse_json(js, video_id, transform_source=functools.partial(js_to_json, vars=args), fatal=fatal)
        return traverse_obj(ret, traverse) or {}

+    def _resolve_nuxt_array(self, array, video_id, *, fatal=True, default=NO_DEFAULT):
+        """Resolves Nuxt rich JSON payload arrays"""
+        # Ref: https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/9e503be0f2a24f4df72a3ccab2db4d3e63511f57
+        #      https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/pull/19205
+        if default is not NO_DEFAULT:
+            fatal = False
+
+        if not isinstance(array, list) or not array:
+            error_msg = 'Unable to resolve Nuxt JSON data: invalid input'
+            if fatal:
+                raise ExtractorError(error_msg, video_id=video_id)
+            elif default is NO_DEFAULT:
+                self.report_warning(error_msg, video_id=video_id)
+            return {} if default is NO_DEFAULT else default
+
+        def indirect_reviver(data):
+            return data
+
+        def json_reviver(data):
+            return json.loads(data)
+
+        gen = devalue.parse_iter(array, revivers={
+            'NuxtError': indirect_reviver,
+            'EmptyShallowRef': json_reviver,
+            'EmptyRef': json_reviver,
+            'ShallowRef': indirect_reviver,
+            'ShallowReactive': indirect_reviver,
+            'Ref': indirect_reviver,
+            'Reactive': indirect_reviver,
+        })
+
+        while True:
+            try:
+                error_msg = f'Error resolving Nuxt JSON: {gen.send(None)}'
+                if fatal:
+                    raise ExtractorError(error_msg, video_id=video_id)
+                elif default is NO_DEFAULT:
+                    self.report_warning(error_msg, video_id=video_id, only_once=True)
+                else:
+                    self.write_debug(f'{video_id}: {error_msg}', only_once=True)
+            except StopIteration as error:
+                return error.value or ({} if default is NO_DEFAULT else default)
+
+    def _search_nuxt_json(self, webpage, video_id, *, fatal=True, default=NO_DEFAULT):
+        """Parses metadata from Nuxt rich JSON payloads embedded in HTML"""
+        passed_default = default is not NO_DEFAULT
+
+        array = self._search_json(
+            r'<script\b[^>]+\bid="__NUXT_DATA__"[^>]*>', webpage,
+            'Nuxt JSON data', video_id, contains_pattern=r'\[(?s:.+)\]',
+            fatal=fatal, default=NO_DEFAULT if not passed_default else None)
+
+        if not array:
+            return default if passed_default else {}
+
+        return self._resolve_nuxt_array(array, video_id, fatal=fatal, default=default)
+
    @staticmethod
    def _hidden_inputs(html):
        html = re.sub(r'<!--(?:(?!<!--).)*-->', '', html)
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/douyutv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/douyutv.py
@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ class DouyuTVIE(DouyuBaseIE):
            'is_live': True,
            **traverse_obj(room, {
                'display_id': ('url', {str}, {lambda i: i[1:]}),
-                'title': ('room_name', {unescapeHTML}),
+                'title': ('room_name', {str}, {unescapeHTML}),
                'description': ('show_details', {str}),
                'uploader': ('nickname', {str}),
                'thumbnail': ('room_src', {url_or_none}),
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dreisat.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dreisat.py
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class DreiSatIE(ZDFBaseIE):
            'title': 'dein buch  - Das Beste von der Leipziger Buchmesse 2025 - Teil 1',
            'description': 'md5:bae51bfc22f15563ce3acbf97d2e8844',
            'duration': 5399.0,
-            'thumbnail': 'https://www.3sat.de/assets/buchmesse-kerkeling-100~original?cb=1743329640903',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.3sat.de/assets/buchmesse-kerkeling-100~original?cb=1747256996338',
            'chapters': 'count:24',
            'episode': 'dein buch  - Das Beste von der Leipziger Buchmesse 2025 - Teil 1',
            'episode_id': 'POS_1ef236cc-b390-401e-acd0-4fb4b04315fb',
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/espn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/espn.py
@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import urllib.parse

 from .adobepass import AdobePassIE
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from .once import OnceIE
 from ..utils import (
    determine_ext,
    dict_get,
@ -16,7 +15,7 @@ from ..utils import (
 )


-class ESPNIE(OnceIE):
+class ESPNIE(InfoExtractor):
    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
                    https?://
                        (?:
@ -131,9 +130,7 @@ class ESPNIE(OnceIE):
                return
            format_urls.add(source_url)
            ext = determine_ext(source_url)
-            if OnceIE.suitable(source_url):
-                formats.extend(self._extract_once_formats(source_url))
-            elif ext == 'smil':
+            if ext == 'smil':
                formats.extend(self._extract_smil_formats(
                    source_url, video_id, fatal=False))
            elif ext == 'f4m':
@ -332,6 +329,7 @@ class WatchESPNIE(AdobePassIE):
    }]

    _API_KEY = 'ZXNwbiZicm93c2VyJjEuMC4w.ptUt7QxsteaRruuPmGZFaJByOoqKvDP2a5YkInHrc7c'
+    _SOFTWARE_STATEMENT = 'eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIyZGJmZWM4My03OWE1LTQyNzEtYTVmZC04NTZjYTMxMjRjNjMiLCJuYmYiOjE1NDAyMTI3NjEsImlzcyI6ImF1dGguYWRvYmUuY29tIiwiaWF0IjoxNTQwMjEyNzYxfQ.yaK3r4AI2uLVvsyN1GLzqzgzRlxMPtasSaiYYBV0wIstqih5tvjTmeoLmi8Xy9Kp_U7Md-bOffwiyK3srHkpUkhhwXLH2x6RPjmS1tPmhaG7-3LBcHTf2ySPvXhVf7cN4ngldawK4tdtLtsw6rF_JoZE2yaC6XbS2F51nXSFEDDnOQWIHEQRG3aYAj-38P2CLGf7g-Yfhbp5cKXeksHHQ90u3eOO4WH0EAjc9oO47h33U8KMEXxJbvjV5J8Va2G2fQSgLDZ013NBI3kQnE313qgqQh2feQILkyCENpB7g-TVBreAjOaH1fU471htSoGGYepcAXv-UDtpgitDiLy7CQ'

    def _call_bamgrid_api(self, path, video_id, payload=None, headers={}):
        if 'Authorization' not in headers:
@ -408,8 +406,8 @@ class WatchESPNIE(AdobePassIE):

        # TV Provider required
        else:
-            resource = self._get_mvpd_resource('ESPN', video_data['name'], video_id, None)
-            auth = self._extract_mvpd_auth(url, video_id, 'ESPN', resource).encode()
+            resource = self._get_mvpd_resource('espn1', video_data['name'], video_id, None)
+            auth = self._extract_mvpd_auth(url, video_id, 'ESPN', resource, self._SOFTWARE_STATEMENT).encode()

            asset = self._download_json(
                f'https://watch.auth.api.espn.com/video/auth/media/{video_id}/asset?apikey=uiqlbgzdwuru14v627vdusswb',
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/firsttv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/firsttv.py
@ -2,11 +2,15 @@ import urllib.parse

 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
+    determine_ext,
    int_or_none,
-    qualities,
+    join_nonempty,
+    mimetype2ext,
+    parse_qs,
    unified_strdate,
    url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj


 class FirstTVIE(InfoExtractor):
@ -15,40 +19,51 @@ class FirstTVIE(InfoExtractor):
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:sport)?1tv\.ru/(?:[^/?#]+/)+(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'

    _TESTS = [{
-        # single format
-        'url': 'http://www.1tv.ru/shows/naedine-so-vsemi/vypuski/gost-lyudmila-senchina-naedine-so-vsemi-vypusk-ot-12-02-2015',
-        'md5': 'a1b6b60d530ebcf8daacf4565762bbaf',
+        # single format; has item.id
+        'url': 'https://www.1tv.ru/shows/naedine-so-vsemi/vypuski/gost-lyudmila-senchina-naedine-so-vsemi-vypusk-ot-12-02-2015',
+        'md5': '8011ae8e88ff4150107ab9c5a8f5b659',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '40049',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'Гость Людмила Сенчина. Наедине со всеми. Выпуск от 12.02.2015',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|JPG)$',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpg',
            'upload_date': '20150212',
            'duration': 2694,
        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
    }, {
-        # multiple formats
-        'url': 'http://www.1tv.ru/shows/dobroe-utro/pro-zdorove/vesennyaya-allergiya-dobroe-utro-fragment-vypuska-ot-07042016',
+        # multiple formats; has item.id
+        'url': 'https://www.1tv.ru/shows/dobroe-utro/pro-zdorove/vesennyaya-allergiya-dobroe-utro-fragment-vypuska-ot-07042016',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '364746',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'Весенняя аллергия. Доброе утро. Фрагмент выпуска от 07.04.2016',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|JPG)$',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpg',
            'upload_date': '20160407',
            'duration': 179,
            'formats': 'mincount:3',
        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.1tv.ru/news/issue/2016-12-01/14:00',
+        'url': 'https://www.1tv.ru/news/issue/2016-12-01/14:00',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '14:00',
-            'title': 'Выпуск новостей в 14:00   1 декабря 2016 года. Новости. Первый канал',
-            'description': 'md5:2e921b948f8c1ff93901da78ebdb1dfd',
+            'title': 'Выпуск программы «Время» в 20:00   1 декабря 2016 года. Новости. Первый канал',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://static.1tv.ru/uploads/photo/image/8/big/338448_big_8fc7eb236f.jpg',
        },
        'playlist_count': 13,
+    }, {
+        # has timestamp; has item.uid but not item.id
+        'url': 'https://www.1tv.ru/shows/segodnya-vecherom/vypuski/avtory-odnogo-hita-segodnya-vecherom-vypusk-ot-03-05-2025',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '270411',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Авторы одного хита. Сегодня вечером. Выпуск от 03.05.2025',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1746286020,
+            'upload_date': '20250503',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
    }, {
        'url': 'http://www.1tv.ru/shows/tochvtoch-supersezon/vystupleniya/evgeniy-dyatlov-vladimir-vysockiy-koni-priveredlivye-toch-v-toch-supersezon-fragment-vypuska-ot-06-11-2016',
        'only_matching': True,
@ -57,96 +72,60 @@ class FirstTVIE(InfoExtractor):
        'only_matching': True,
    }]

+    def _entries(self, items):
+        for item in items:
+            video_id = str(item.get('id') or item['uid'])
+
+            formats, subtitles = [], {}
+            for f in traverse_obj(item, ('sources', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['src']))):
+                src = f['src']
+                ext = mimetype2ext(f.get('type'), default=determine_ext(src))
+                if ext == 'm3u8':
+                    fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                        src, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+                elif ext == 'mpd':
+                    fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
+                        src, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False)
+                else:
+                    tbr = self._search_regex(fr'_(\d{{3,}})\.{ext}', src, 'tbr', default=None)
+                    formats.append({
+                        'url': src,
+                        'ext': ext,
+                        'format_id': join_nonempty('http', ext, tbr),
+                        'tbr': int_or_none(tbr),
+                        # quality metadata of http formats may be incorrect
+                        'quality': -10,
+                    })
+                    continue
+                formats.extend(fmts)
+                self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+
+            yield {
+                **traverse_obj(item, {
+                    'title': ('title', {str}),
+                    'thumbnail': ('poster', {url_or_none}),
+                    'timestamp': ('dvr_begin_at', {int_or_none}),
+                    'upload_date': ('date_air', {unified_strdate}),
+                    'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+                }),
+                'id': video_id,
+                'formats': formats,
+                'subtitles': subtitles,
+            }
+
    def _real_extract(self, url):
        display_id = self._match_id(url)

        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-        playlist_url = urllib.parse.urljoin(url, self._search_regex(
+        playlist_url = urllib.parse.urljoin(url, self._html_search_regex(
            r'data-playlist-url=(["\'])(?P<url>(?:(?!\1).)+)\1',
            webpage, 'playlist url', group='url'))

-        parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(playlist_url)
-        qs = urllib.parse.parse_qs(parsed_url.query)
-        item_ids = qs.get('videos_ids[]') or qs.get('news_ids[]')
+        item_ids = traverse_obj(parse_qs(playlist_url), 'video_id', 'videos_ids[]', 'news_ids[]')
+        items = traverse_obj(
+            self._download_json(playlist_url, display_id),
+            lambda _, v: v['uid'] and (str(v['uid']) in item_ids if item_ids else True))

-        items = self._download_json(playlist_url, display_id)
-
-        if item_ids:
-            items = [
-                item for item in items
-                if item.get('uid') and str(item['uid']) in item_ids]
-        else:
-            items = [items[0]]
-
-        entries = []
-        QUALITIES = ('ld', 'sd', 'hd')
-
-        for item in items:
-            title = item['title']
-            quality = qualities(QUALITIES)
-            formats = []
-            path = None
-            for f in item.get('mbr', []):
-                src = url_or_none(f.get('src'))
-                if not src:
-                    continue
-                tbr = int_or_none(self._search_regex(
-                    r'_(\d{3,})\.mp4', src, 'tbr', default=None))
-                if not path:
-                    path = self._search_regex(
-                        r'//[^/]+/(.+?)_\d+\.mp4', src,
-                        'm3u8 path', default=None)
-                formats.append({
-                    'url': src,
-                    'format_id': f.get('name'),
-                    'tbr': tbr,
-                    'source_preference': quality(f.get('name')),
-                    # quality metadata of http formats may be incorrect
-                    'preference': -10,
-                })
-            # m3u8 URL format is reverse engineered from [1] (search for
-            # master.m3u8). dashEdges (that is currently balancer-vod.1tv.ru)
-            # is taken from [2].
-            # 1. http://static.1tv.ru/player/eump1tv-current/eump-1tv.all.min.js?rnd=9097422834:formatted
-            # 2. http://static.1tv.ru/player/eump1tv-config/config-main.js?rnd=9097422834
-            if not path and len(formats) == 1:
-                path = self._search_regex(
-                    r'//[^/]+/(.+?$)', formats[0]['url'],
-                    'm3u8 path', default=None)
-            if path:
-                if len(formats) == 1:
-                    m3u8_path = ','
-                else:
-                    tbrs = [str(t) for t in sorted(f['tbr'] for f in formats)]
-                    m3u8_path = '_,{},{}'.format(','.join(tbrs), '.mp4')
-                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                    f'http://balancer-vod.1tv.ru/{path}{m3u8_path}.urlset/master.m3u8',
-                    display_id, 'mp4',
-                    entry_protocol='m3u8_native', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
-
-            thumbnail = item.get('poster') or self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage)
-            duration = int_or_none(item.get('duration') or self._html_search_meta(
-                'video:duration', webpage, 'video duration', fatal=False))
-            upload_date = unified_strdate(self._html_search_meta(
-                'ya:ovs:upload_date', webpage, 'upload date', default=None))
-
-            entries.append({
-                'id': str(item.get('id') or item['uid']),
-                'thumbnail': thumbnail,
-                'title': title,
-                'upload_date': upload_date,
-                'duration': int_or_none(duration),
-                'formats': formats,
-            })
-
-        title = self._html_search_regex(
-            (r'<div class="tv_translation">\s*<h1><a href="[^"]+">([^<]*)</a>',
-             r"'title'\s*:\s*'([^']+)'"),
-            webpage, 'title', default=None) or self._og_search_title(
-            webpage, default=None)
-        description = self._html_search_regex(
-            r'<div class="descr">\s*<div>&nbsp;</div>\s*<p>([^<]*)</p></div>',
-            webpage, 'description', default=None) or self._html_search_meta(
-            'description', webpage, 'description', default=None)
-
-        return self.playlist_result(entries, display_id, title, description)
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            self._entries(items), display_id, self._og_search_title(webpage, default=None),
+            thumbnail=self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage, default=None))
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/gamespot.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/gamespot.py
@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import urllib.parse

-from .once import OnceIE
+from .common import InfoExtractor


-class GameSpotIE(OnceIE):
+class GameSpotIE(InfoExtractor):
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?gamespot\.com/(?:video|article|review)s/(?:[^/]+/\d+-|embed/)(?P<id>\d+)'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'http://www.gamespot.com/videos/arma-3-community-guide-sitrep-i/2300-6410818/',
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/go.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/go.py
@ -7,161 +7,157 @@ from ..utils import (
    int_or_none,
    join_nonempty,
    parse_age_limit,
-    remove_end,
-    remove_start,
-    traverse_obj,
-    try_get,
    unified_timestamp,
    urlencode_postdata,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj


 class GoIE(AdobePassIE):
    _SITE_INFO = {
        'abc': {
            'brand': '001',
-            'requestor_id': 'ABC',
+            'requestor_id': 'dtci',
+            'provider_id': 'ABC',
+            'software_statement': 'eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiI4OTcwMjlkYS0yYjM1LTQyOWUtYWQ0NS02ZjZiZjVkZTdhOTUiLCJuYmYiOjE2MjAxNzM5NjksImlzcyI6ImF1dGguYWRvYmUuY29tIiwiaWF0IjoxNjIwMTczOTY5fQ.SC69DVJWSL8sIe-vVUrP6xS_kzHKqwz9PdKYexs_y-f7Vin6mM-7S-W1TE_-K55O0pyf-TL4xYgvm6LIye8CckG-nZfVwNPV4huduov0jmIcxCQFeUwkHULG2IaA44wfBVUBdaHgkhPweZ2amjycO_IXtez-gBXOLbE3B7Gx9j_5ISCFtyVUblThKfoGyQv6KT6t8Vpmc4ZSKCCQp74KWFFypydb9ucego1taW_nQD06Cdf4yByLd6NaTBceMcIKbug9b9gxFm3XBgJ5q3z7KGo1Kr6XalAV5j4m-fQ91wczlTilX8FM4AljMupyRM9mA_aEADILQ4hS79q4SM0w6w',
        },
        'freeform': {
            'brand': '002',
            'requestor_id': 'ABCFamily',
-        },
-        'watchdisneychannel': {
-            'brand': '004',
-            'resource_id': 'Disney',
-        },
-        'watchdisneyjunior': {
-            'brand': '008',
-            'resource_id': 'DisneyJunior',
-        },
-        'watchdisneyxd': {
-            'brand': '009',
-            'resource_id': 'DisneyXD',
+            'provider_id': 'ABCFamily',
+            'software_statement': 'eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJhZWM2MGYyNC0xYzRjLTQ1NzQtYjc0Zi03ZmM4N2E5YWMzMzgiLCJuYmYiOjE1ODc2NjU5MjMsImlzcyI6ImF1dGguYWRvYmUuY29tIiwiaWF0IjoxNTg3NjY1OTIzfQ.flCn3dhvmvPnWmV0JV8Fm0YFyj07yPez9-n1GFEwVIm_S2wQVWbWyJhqsAyLZVFrhOMZYTqmPS3OHxGwTwXkEYn6PD7o_vIVG3oqi-Xn1m5jRt_Gazw5qEtpat6VE7bvKGSD3ZhcidOrsCk8NcYyq75u61NHDvSl81pcedJjVRVUpsqrEwmo0aVbA0C8PX3ri0mEbGvkMKvHn8E60xp-PSE-VK8SDT0plwPu_TwUszkZ6-_I8_2xcv_WBqcXFkAVg7Q-iNJXgQvmNsrpcrYuLvi6hEH4ZLtoDcXU6MhwTQAJTiHSo8x9aHX1_qFP09CzlNOFQbC2ZEJdP9SvA53SLQ',
        },
        'disneynow': {
-            'brand': '011',
+            'brand': '011',  # also: '004', '008', '009'
+            'requestor_id': 'DisneyChannels',
+            'provider_id': 'DisneyChannels',
+            'software_statement': 'eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiI1MzAzNTRiOS04NDNiLTRkNjAtYTQ3ZS0yNzk1MzlkOTIyNTciLCJuYmYiOjE1NTg5ODc0NDksImlzcyI6ImF1dGguYWRvYmUuY29tIiwiaWF0IjoxNTU4OTg3NDQ5fQ.Jud6YS6-J2h0h6po0oMheDym0qRTJQGj4kzacrz4DFuEwhcBkkykW6pF5pKuAUJy9HCZ40oDAHe2KcTlDJjCZF5tDaUEfdihakZ9cC_rG7MU-QoRne8qaB_dPDKwGuk-ZyWD8eV3zwTJmbGo8hDxYTEU81YNCxwhyc_BPDr5TYiubbmpP3_pTnXmSpuL58isJ2peSKWlX9BacuXtBY25c_QnPFKk-_EETm7IHkTpDazde1QfHWGu4s4yJpKGk8RVVujVG6h6ELlL-ZeYLilBm7iS7h1TYG1u7fJhyZRL7isaom6NvAzsvN3ngss1fLwt8decP8wzdFHrbYTdTjW8qw',
            'resource_id': 'Disney',
        },
-        'fxnow.fxnetworks': {
-            'brand': '025',
+        'fxnetworks': {
+            'brand': '025',  # also: '020'
            'requestor_id': 'dtci',
+            'provider_id': 'fx',  # also 'fxx', 'fxm'
+            'software_statement': 'eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIzYWRhYWZiNC02OTAxLTRlYzktOTdmNy1lYWZkZTJkODJkN2EiLCJuYmYiOjE1NjIwMjQwNzYsImlzcyI6ImF1dGguYWRvYmUuY29tIiwiaWF0IjoxNTYyMDI0MDc2fQ.dhKMpZK50AObbZYrMiYPSfWtzXHUaeMP3jrIY4Cgfvh0GaEgk0Mns_zp78jypFeZgRtPVleQMQDNq2YEloRLcAGqP1aa6WVDglnK77ZWUm4IKai14Rwf3A6YBhSRoO2_lMmUGkuTf6gZY-kMIPqBYKqzTQiQl4HbniPFodIzFRiuI9QJVrkoyTGrJL4oqiX08PoFI3Z-TOti1Heu3EbFC-GveQHhlinYrzU7rbiAqLEz7FImtfBDsnXX1Y3uJDLYM3Bq4Oh0nrzTv1Fd62wNsCNErHHIbELidh1zZF0ujvt7ReuZUwAitm0UhEJ7OxNOUbEQWtae6pVNscvdvTFMpg',
+        },
+        'nationalgeographic': {
+            'brand': '026',  # also '023'
+            'requestor_id': 'dtci',
+            'provider_id': 'ngc',  # also 'ngw'
+            'software_statement': 'eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxMzE4YTM1Ni05Mjc4LTQ4NjEtYTFmNi1jMTIzMzg1ZWMzYzMiLCJuYmYiOjE1NjIwMjM4MjgsImlzcyI6ImF1dGguYWRvYmUuY29tIiwiaWF0IjoxNTYyMDIzODI4fQ.Le-2OzF9-jrhJ7ZfWtLWk5iSHGVZoxeU1w0_fO--Heli0OwRZsRq2slSmx-oZTzxuWmAgDEiBkWSDcDK6sM25DrCLsdsJa3MBuZ-slBRtH8aq3HpNoqqLkU-vg6gRUEKMtwBUtwCu_9aKUCayYtndWv4b1DjVQeSrteOW5NNudWVYleAe0kxeNJQHo5If9SCzDudKVJktFUjhNks4QPOC_uONPkRRlL9D0fNvtOY-LRFckfcHhf5z9l1iZjeukV0YhdKnuw1wyiaWrQXBUDiBfbkCRd2DM-KnelqPxfiXCaTjGKDURRBO3pz33ebge3IFXSiU5vl4qHQ8xvunzGpFw',
        },
    }
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
-                    https?://
-                        (?P<sub_domain>
-                            (?:{}\.)?go|fxnow\.fxnetworks|
-                            (?:www\.)?(?:abc|freeform|disneynow)
-                        )\.com/
-                        (?:
-                            (?:[^/]+/)*(?P<id>[Vv][Dd][Kk][Aa]\w+)|
-                            (?:[^/]+/)*(?P<display_id>[^/?\#]+)
-                        )
-                    '''.format(r'\.|'.join(list(_SITE_INFO.keys())))
+    _URL_PATH_RE = r'(?:video|episode|movies-and-specials)/(?P<id>[\da-f]{8}-(?:[\da-f]{4}-){3}[\da-f]{12})'
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        fr'https?://(?:www\.)?(?P<site>abc)\.com/{_URL_PATH_RE}',
+        fr'https?://(?:www\.)?(?P<site>freeform)\.com/{_URL_PATH_RE}',
+        fr'https?://(?:www\.)?(?P<site>disneynow)\.com/{_URL_PATH_RE}',
+        fr'https?://fxnow\.(?P<site>fxnetworks)\.com/{_URL_PATH_RE}',
+        fr'https?://(?:www\.)?(?P<site>nationalgeographic)\.com/tv/{_URL_PATH_RE}',
+    ]
    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://abc.go.com/shows/designated-survivor/video/most-recent/VDKA3807643',
+        'url': 'https://abc.com/episode/4192c0e6-26e5-47a8-817b-ce8272b9e440/playlist/PL551127435',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'VDKA3807643',
+            'id': 'VDKA10805898',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'The Traitor in the White House',
-            'description': 'md5:05b009d2d145a1e85d25111bd37222e8',
-        },
-        'params': {
-            # m3u8 download
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-        'skip': 'This content is no longer available.',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://disneynow.com/shows/big-hero-6-the-series',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'title': 'Doraemon',
-            'id': 'SH55574025',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 51,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://freeform.go.com/shows/shadowhunters/episodes/season-2/1-this-guilty-blood',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'VDKA3609139',
-            'title': 'This Guilty Blood',
-            'description': 'md5:f18e79ad1c613798d95fdabfe96cd292',
+            'title': 'Switch the Flip',
+            'description': 'To help get Brian’s life in order, Stewie and Brian swap bodies using a machine that Stewie invents.',
            'age_limit': 14,
+            'duration': 1297,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'series': 'Family Guy',
+            'season': 'Season 16',
+            'season_number': 16,
+            'episode': 'Episode 17',
+            'episode_number': 17,
+            'timestamp': 1746082800.0,
+            'upload_date': '20250501',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'skip': 'This video requires AdobePass MSO credentials',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://disneynow.com/episode/21029660-ba06-4406-adb0-a9a78f6e265e/playlist/PL553044961',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'VDKA39546942',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Zero Friends Again',
+            'description': 'Relationships fray under the pressures of a difficult journey.',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'duration': 1721,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'series': 'Star Wars: Skeleton Crew',
+            'season': 'Season 1',
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'episode': 'Episode 6',
+            'episode_number': 6,
+            'timestamp': 1746946800.0,
+            'upload_date': '20250511',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'skip': 'This video requires AdobePass MSO credentials',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://fxnow.fxnetworks.com/episode/09f4fa6f-c293-469e-aebe-32c9ca5842a7/playlist/PL554408064',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'VDKA38112033',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'The Return of Jerry',
+            'description': 'The vampires’ long-lost fifth roommate returns. Written by Paul Simms; directed by Kyle Newacheck.',
+            'age_limit': 17,
+            'duration': 1493,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'series': 'What We Do in the Shadows',
+            'season': 'Season 6',
+            'season_number': 6,
            'episode': 'Episode 1',
-            'upload_date': '20170102',
-            'season': 'Season 2',
-            'thumbnail': 'http://cdn1.edgedatg.com/aws/v2/abcf/Shadowhunters/video/201/ae5f75608d86bf88aa4f9f4aa76ab1b7/579x325-Q100_ae5f75608d86bf88aa4f9f4aa76ab1b7.jpg',
-            'duration': 2544,
-            'season_number': 2,
-            'series': 'Shadowhunters',
            'episode_number': 1,
-            'timestamp': 1483387200,
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'geo_bypass_ip_block': '3.244.239.0/24',
-            # m3u8 download
-            'skip_download': True,
+            'timestamp': 1729573200.0,
+            'upload_date': '20241022',
        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'skip': 'This video requires AdobePass MSO credentials',
    }, {
-        'url': 'https://abc.com/shows/the-rookie/episode-guide/season-04/12-the-knock',
+        'url': 'https://www.freeform.com/episode/bda0eaf7-761a-4838-aa44-96f794000844/playlist/PL553044961',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'VDKA26050359',
-            'title': 'The Knock',
-            'description': 'md5:0c2947e3ada4c31f28296db7db14aa64',
-            'age_limit': 14,
+            'id': 'VDKA39007340',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'thumbnail': 'http://cdn1.edgedatg.com/aws/v2/abc/TheRookie/video/412/daf830d06e83b11eaf5c0a299d993ae3/1556x876-Q75_daf830d06e83b11eaf5c0a299d993ae3.jpg',
-            'episode': 'Episode 12',
-            'season_number': 4,
-            'season': 'Season 4',
-            'timestamp': 1642975200,
-            'episode_number': 12,
-            'upload_date': '20220123',
-            'series': 'The Rookie',
-            'duration': 2572,
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'geo_bypass_ip_block': '3.244.239.0/24',
-            # m3u8 download
-            'skip_download': True,
+            'title': 'Angel\'s Landing',
+            'description': 'md5:91bf084e785c968fab16734df7313446',
+            'age_limit': 14,
+            'duration': 2523,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'series': 'How I Escaped My Cult',
+            'season': 'Season 1',
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'episode': 'Episode 2',
+            'episode_number': 2,
+            'timestamp': 1740038400.0,
+            'upload_date': '20250220',
        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
    }, {
-        'url': 'https://fxnow.fxnetworks.com/shows/better-things/video/vdka12782841',
+        'url': 'https://www.nationalgeographic.com/tv/episode/ca694661-1186-41ae-8089-82f64d69b16d/playlist/PL554408064',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'VDKA12782841',
-            'title': 'First Look: Better Things - Season 2',
-            'description': 'md5:fa73584a95761c605d9d54904e35b407',
+            'id': 'VDKA39492078',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'age_limit': 14,
-            'upload_date': '20170825',
-            'duration': 161,
-            'series': 'Better Things',
-            'thumbnail': 'http://cdn1.edgedatg.com/aws/v2/fx/BetterThings/video/12782841/b6b05e58264121cc2c98811318e6d507/1556x876-Q75_b6b05e58264121cc2c98811318e6d507.jpg',
-            'timestamp': 1503661074,
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'geo_bypass_ip_block': '3.244.239.0/24',
-            # m3u8 download
-            'skip_download': True,
+            'title': 'Heart of the Emperors',
+            'description': 'md5:4fc50a2878f030bb3a7eac9124dca677',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'duration': 2775,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'series': 'Secrets of the Penguins',
+            'season': 'Season 1',
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'episode': 'Episode 1',
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'timestamp': 1745204400.0,
+            'upload_date': '20250421',
        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
    }, {
-        'url': 'http://abc.go.com/shows/the-catch/episode-guide/season-01/10-the-wedding',
+        'url': 'https://www.freeform.com/movies-and-specials/c38281fc-9f8f-47c7-8220-22394f9df2e1',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
-        'url': 'http://abc.go.com/shows/world-news-tonight/episode-guide/2017-02/17-021717-intense-stand-off-between-man-with-rifle-and-police-in-oakland',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        # brand 004
-        'url': 'http://disneynow.go.com/shows/big-hero-6-the-series/season-01/episode-10-mr-sparkles-loses-his-sparkle/vdka4637915',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        # brand 008
-        'url': 'http://disneynow.go.com/shows/minnies-bow-toons/video/happy-campers/vdka4872013',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://disneynow.com/shows/minnies-bow-toons/video/happy-campers/vdka4872013',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.freeform.com/shows/cruel-summer/episode-guide/season-01/01-happy-birthday-jeanette-turner',
+        'url': 'https://abc.com/video/219a454a-172c-41bf-878a-d169e6bc0bdc/playlist/PL5523098420',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]

@ -171,58 +167,29 @@ class GoIE(AdobePassIE):
            f'http://api.contents.watchabc.go.com/vp2/ws/contents/3000/videos/{brand}/001/-1/{show_id}/-1/{video_id}/-1/-1.json',
            display_id)['video']

+    def _extract_global_var(self, name, webpage, video_id):
+        return self._search_json(
+            fr'window\[["\']{re.escape(name)}["\']\]\s*=',
+            webpage, f'{name.strip("_")} JSON', video_id)
+
    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
-        sub_domain = remove_start(remove_end(mobj.group('sub_domain') or '', '.go'), 'www.')
-        video_id, display_id = mobj.group('id', 'display_id')
-        site_info = self._SITE_INFO.get(sub_domain, {})
-        brand = site_info.get('brand')
-        if not video_id or not site_info:
-            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id or video_id)
-            data = self._parse_json(
-                self._search_regex(
-                    r'["\']__abc_com__["\']\s*\]\s*=\s*({.+?})\s*;', webpage,
-                    'data', default='{}'),
-                display_id or video_id, fatal=False)
-            # https://abc.com/shows/modern-family/episode-guide/season-01/101-pilot
-            layout = try_get(data, lambda x: x['page']['content']['video']['layout'], dict)
-            video_id = None
-            if layout:
-                video_id = try_get(
-                    layout,
-                    (lambda x: x['videoid'], lambda x: x['video']['id']),
-                    str)
-            if not video_id:
-                video_id = self._search_regex(
-                    (
-                        # There may be inner quotes, e.g. data-video-id="'VDKA3609139'"
-                        # from http://freeform.go.com/shows/shadowhunters/episodes/season-2/1-this-guilty-blood
-                        r'data-video-id=["\']*(VDKA\w+)',
-                        # page.analytics.videoIdCode
-                        r'\bvideoIdCode["\']\s*:\s*["\']((?:vdka|VDKA)\w+)',
-                        # https://abc.com/shows/the-rookie/episode-guide/season-02/03-the-bet
-                        r'\b(?:video)?id["\']\s*:\s*["\'](VDKA\w+)',
-                    ), webpage, 'video id', default=video_id)
-            if not site_info:
-                brand = self._search_regex(
-                    (r'data-brand=\s*["\']\s*(\d+)',
-                     r'data-page-brand=\s*["\']\s*(\d+)'), webpage, 'brand',
-                    default='004')
-                site_info = next(
-                    si for _, si in self._SITE_INFO.items()
-                    if si.get('brand') == brand)
-            if not video_id:
-                # show extraction works for Disney, DisneyJunior and DisneyXD
-                # ABC and Freeform has different layout
-                show_id = self._search_regex(r'data-show-id=["\']*(SH\d+)', webpage, 'show id')
-                videos = self._extract_videos(brand, show_id=show_id)
-                show_title = self._search_regex(r'data-show-title="([^"]+)"', webpage, 'show title', fatal=False)
-                entries = []
-                for video in videos:
-                    entries.append(self.url_result(
-                        video['url'], 'Go', video.get('id'), video.get('title')))
-                entries.reverse()
-                return self.playlist_result(entries, show_id, show_title)
+        site, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('site', 'id')
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+        config = self._extract_global_var('__CONFIG__', webpage, display_id)
+        data = self._extract_global_var(config['globalVar'], webpage, display_id)
+        video_id = traverse_obj(data, (
+            'page', 'content', 'video', 'layout', (('video', 'id'), 'videoid'), {str}, any))
+        if not video_id:
+            video_id = self._search_regex([
+                # data-track-video_id="VDKA39492078"
+                # data-track-video_id_code="vdka39492078"
+                # data-video-id="'VDKA3609139'"
+                r'data-(?:track-)?video[_-]id(?:_code)?=["\']*((?:vdka|VDKA)\d+)',
+                # page.analytics.videoIdCode
+                r'\bvideoIdCode["\']\s*:\s*["\']((?:vdka|VDKA)\d+)'], webpage, 'video ID')
+
+        site_info = self._SITE_INFO[site]
+        brand = site_info['brand']
        video_data = self._extract_videos(brand, video_id)[0]
        video_id = video_data['id']
        title = video_data['title']
@ -238,26 +205,31 @@ class GoIE(AdobePassIE):
            if ext == 'm3u8':
                video_type = video_data.get('type')
                data = {
-                    'video_id': video_data['id'],
+                    'video_id': video_id,
                    'video_type': video_type,
                    'brand': brand,
                    'device': '001',
+                    'app_name': 'webplayer-abc',
                }
                if video_data.get('accesslevel') == '1':
-                    requestor_id = site_info.get('requestor_id', 'DisneyChannels')
+                    provider_id = site_info['provider_id']
+                    software_statement = traverse_obj(data, ('app', 'config', (
+                        ('features', 'auth', 'softwareStatement'),
+                        ('tvAuth', 'SOFTWARE_STATEMENTS', 'PRODUCTION'),
+                    ), {str}, any)) or site_info['software_statement']
                    resource = site_info.get('resource_id') or self._get_mvpd_resource(
-                        requestor_id, title, video_id, None)
+                        provider_id, title, video_id, None)
                    auth = self._extract_mvpd_auth(
-                        url, video_id, requestor_id, resource)
+                        url, video_id, site_info['requestor_id'], resource, software_statement)
                    data.update({
                        'token': auth,
                        'token_type': 'ap',
-                        'adobe_requestor_id': requestor_id,
+                        'adobe_requestor_id': provider_id,
                    })
                else:
                    self._initialize_geo_bypass({'countries': ['US']})
                entitlement = self._download_json(
-                    'https://api.entitlement.watchabc.go.com/vp2/ws-secure/entitlement/2020/authorize.json',
+                    'https://prod.gatekeeper.us-abc.symphony.edgedatg.go.com/vp2/ws-secure/entitlement/2020/playmanifest_secure.json',
                    video_id, data=urlencode_postdata(data))
                errors = entitlement.get('errors', {}).get('errors', [])
                if errors:
@ -267,7 +239,7 @@ class GoIE(AdobePassIE):
                                error['message'], countries=['US'])
                    error_message = ', '.join([error['message'] for error in errors])
                    raise ExtractorError(f'{self.IE_NAME} said: {error_message}', expected=True)
-                asset_url += '?' + entitlement['uplynkData']['sessionKey']
+                asset_url += '?' + entitlement['entitlement']['uplynkData']['sessionKey']
                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
                    asset_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id=format_id or 'hls', fatal=False)
                formats.extend(fmts)
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/hypergryph.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/hypergryph.py
@ -1,32 +1,66 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import js_to_json, traverse_obj
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    clean_html,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import subs_list_to_dict, traverse_obj


 class MonsterSirenHypergryphMusicIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'monstersiren'
+    IE_DESC = '塞壬唱片'
+    _API_BASE = 'https://monster-siren.hypergryph.com/api'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://monster-siren\.hypergryph\.com/music/(?P<id>\d+)'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://monster-siren.hypergryph.com/music/514562',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '514562',
            'ext': 'wav',
-            'artists': ['塞壬唱片-MSR'],
-            'album': 'Flame Shadow',
            'title': 'Flame Shadow',
+            'album': 'Flame Shadow',
+            'artists': ['塞壬唱片-MSR'],
+            'description': 'md5:19e2acfcd1b65b41b29e8079ab948053',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://web\.hycdn\.cn/siren/pic/.+\.jpg',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://monster-siren.hypergryph.com/music/514518',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '514518',
+            'ext': 'wav',
+            'title': 'Heavenly Me (Instrumental)',
+            'album': 'Heavenly Me',
+            'artists': ['塞壬唱片-MSR', 'AIYUE blessed : 理名'],
+            'description': 'md5:ce790b41c932d1ad72eb791d1d8ae598',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://web\.hycdn\.cn/siren/pic/.+\.jpg',
        },
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        audio_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, audio_id)
-        json_data = self._search_json(
-            r'window\.g_initialProps\s*=', webpage, 'data', audio_id, transform_source=js_to_json)
+        song = self._download_json(f'{self._API_BASE}/song/{audio_id}', audio_id)
+        if traverse_obj(song, 'code') != 0:
+            msg = traverse_obj(song, ('msg', {str}, filter))
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                msg or 'API returned an error response', expected=bool(msg))
+
+        album = None
+        if album_id := traverse_obj(song, ('data', 'albumCid', {str})):
+            album = self._download_json(
+                f'{self._API_BASE}/album/{album_id}/detail', album_id, fatal=False)

        return {
            'id': audio_id,
-            'title': traverse_obj(json_data, ('player', 'songDetail', 'name')),
-            'url': traverse_obj(json_data, ('player', 'songDetail', 'sourceUrl')),
-            'ext': 'wav',
            'vcodec': 'none',
-            'artists': traverse_obj(json_data, ('player', 'songDetail', 'artists', ...)),
-            'album': traverse_obj(json_data, ('musicPlay', 'albumDetail', 'name')),
+            **traverse_obj(song, ('data', {
+                'title': ('name', {str}),
+                'artists': ('artists', ..., {str}),
+                'subtitles': ({'url': 'lyricUrl'}, all, {subs_list_to_dict(lang='en')}),
+                'url': ('sourceUrl', {url_or_none}),
+            })),
+            **traverse_obj(album, ('data', {
+                'album': ('name', {str}),
+                'description': ('intro', {clean_html}),
+                'thumbnail': ('coverUrl', {url_or_none}),
+            })),
        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/iprima.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/iprima.py
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import json
 import re
 import time

@ -6,9 +7,7 @@ from ..utils import (
    ExtractorError,
    determine_ext,
    js_to_json,
-    parse_qs,
    traverse_obj,
-    urlencode_postdata,
 )


@ -16,7 +15,6 @@ class IPrimaIE(InfoExtractor):
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?!cnn)(?:[^/]+)\.iprima\.cz/(?:[^/]+/)*(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
    _GEO_BYPASS = False
    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'iprima'
-    _AUTH_ROOT = 'https://auth.iprima.cz'
    access_token = None

    _TESTS = [{
@ -86,48 +84,18 @@ class IPrimaIE(InfoExtractor):
        if self.access_token:
            return

-        login_page = self._download_webpage(
-            f'{self._AUTH_ROOT}/oauth2/login', None, note='Downloading login page',
-            errnote='Downloading login page failed')
-
-        login_form = self._hidden_inputs(login_page)
-
-        login_form.update({
-            '_email': username,
-            '_password': password})
-
-        profile_select_html, login_handle = self._download_webpage_handle(
-            f'{self._AUTH_ROOT}/oauth2/login', None, data=urlencode_postdata(login_form),
-            note='Logging in')
-
-        # a profile may need to be selected first, even when there is only a single one
-        if '/profile-select' in login_handle.url:
-            profile_id = self._search_regex(
-                r'data-identifier\s*=\s*["\']?(\w+)', profile_select_html, 'profile id')
-
-            login_handle = self._request_webpage(
-                f'{self._AUTH_ROOT}/user/profile-select-perform/{profile_id}', None,
-                query={'continueUrl': '/user/login?redirect_uri=/user/'}, note='Selecting profile')
-
-        code = traverse_obj(login_handle.url, ({parse_qs}, 'code', 0))
-        if not code:
-            raise ExtractorError('Login failed', expected=True)
-
-        token_request_data = {
-            'scope': 'openid+email+profile+phone+address+offline_access',
-            'client_id': 'prima_sso',
-            'grant_type': 'authorization_code',
-            'code': code,
-            'redirect_uri': f'{self._AUTH_ROOT}/sso/auth-check'}
-
        token_data = self._download_json(
-            f'{self._AUTH_ROOT}/oauth2/token', None,
-            note='Downloading token', errnote='Downloading token failed',
-            data=urlencode_postdata(token_request_data))
+            'https://ucet.iprima.cz/api/session/create', None,
+            note='Logging in', errnote='Failed to log in',
+            data=json.dumps({
+                'email': username,
+                'password': password,
+                'deviceName': 'Windows Chrome',
+            }).encode(), headers={'content-type': 'application/json'})

-        self.access_token = token_data.get('access_token')
-        if self.access_token is None:
-            raise ExtractorError('Getting token failed', expected=True)
+        self.access_token = token_data['accessToken']['value']
+        if not self.access_token:
+            raise ExtractorError('Failed to fetch access token')

    def _real_initialize(self):
        if not self.access_token:
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/jiosaavn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/jiosaavn.py
@ -1,23 +1,33 @@
 import functools
+import itertools
 import math
 import re

 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
    InAdvancePagedList,
+    ISO639Utils,
+    OnDemandPagedList,
    clean_html,
    int_or_none,
+    js_to_json,
    make_archive_id,
+    orderedSet,
    smuggle_url,
+    unified_strdate,
+    unified_timestamp,
    unsmuggle_url,
    url_basename,
    url_or_none,
    urlencode_postdata,
+    urljoin,
+    variadic,
 )
 from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj


 class JioSaavnBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _URL_BASE_RE = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:jio)?saavn\.com'
    _API_URL = 'https://www.jiosaavn.com/api.php'
    _VALID_BITRATES = {'16', '32', '64', '128', '320'}

@ -30,16 +40,20 @@ class JioSaavnBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                f'Valid bitrates are: {", ".join(sorted(self._VALID_BITRATES, key=int))}')
        return requested_bitrates

-    def _extract_formats(self, song_data):
+    def _extract_formats(self, item_data):
+        # Show/episode JSON data has a slightly different structure than song JSON data
+        if media_url := traverse_obj(item_data, ('more_info', 'encrypted_media_url', {str})):
+            item_data.setdefault('encrypted_media_url', media_url)
+
        for bitrate in self.requested_bitrates:
            media_data = self._download_json(
-                self._API_URL, song_data['id'],
+                self._API_URL, item_data['id'],
                f'Downloading format info for {bitrate}',
                fatal=False, data=urlencode_postdata({
                    '__call': 'song.generateAuthToken',
                    '_format': 'json',
                    'bitrate': bitrate,
-                    'url': song_data['encrypted_media_url'],
+                    'url': item_data['encrypted_media_url'],
                }))
            if not traverse_obj(media_data, ('auth_url', {url_or_none})):
                self.report_warning(f'Unable to extract format info for {bitrate}')
@ -53,24 +67,6 @@ class JioSaavnBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                'vcodec': 'none',
            }

-    def _extract_song(self, song_data, url=None):
-        info = traverse_obj(song_data, {
-            'id': ('id', {str}),
-            'title': ('song', {clean_html}),
-            'album': ('album', {clean_html}),
-            'thumbnail': ('image', {url_or_none}, {lambda x: re.sub(r'-\d+x\d+\.', '-500x500.', x)}),
-            'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
-            'view_count': ('play_count', {int_or_none}),
-            'release_year': ('year', {int_or_none}),
-            'artists': ('primary_artists', {lambda x: x.split(', ') if x else None}),
-            'webpage_url': ('perma_url', {url_or_none}),
-        })
-        if webpage_url := info.get('webpage_url') or url:
-            info['display_id'] = url_basename(webpage_url)
-            info['_old_archive_ids'] = [make_archive_id(JioSaavnSongIE, info['display_id'])]
-
-        return info
-
    def _call_api(self, type_, token, note='API', params={}):
        return self._download_json(
            self._API_URL, token, f'Downloading {note} JSON', f'Unable to download {note} JSON',
@ -84,19 +80,89 @@ class JioSaavnBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                **params,
            })

-    def _yield_songs(self, playlist_data):
-        for song_data in traverse_obj(playlist_data, ('songs', lambda _, v: v['id'] and v['perma_url'])):
-            song_info = self._extract_song(song_data)
-            url = smuggle_url(song_info['webpage_url'], {
-                'id': song_data['id'],
-                'encrypted_media_url': song_data['encrypted_media_url'],
-            })
-            yield self.url_result(url, JioSaavnSongIE, url_transparent=True, **song_info)
+    @staticmethod
+    def _extract_song(song_data, url=None):
+        info = traverse_obj(song_data, {
+            'id': ('id', {str}),
+            'title': (('song', 'title'), {clean_html}, any),
+            'album': ((None, 'more_info'), 'album', {clean_html}, any),
+            'duration': ((None, 'more_info'), 'duration', {int_or_none}, any),
+            'channel': ((None, 'more_info'), 'label', {str}, any),
+            'channel_id': ((None, 'more_info'), 'label_id', {str}, any),
+            'channel_url': ((None, 'more_info'), 'label_url', {urljoin('https://www.jiosaavn.com/')}, any),
+            'release_date': ((None, 'more_info'), 'release_date', {unified_strdate}, any),
+            'release_year': ('year', {int_or_none}),
+            'thumbnail': ('image', {url_or_none}, {lambda x: re.sub(r'-\d+x\d+\.', '-500x500.', x)}),
+            'view_count': ('play_count', {int_or_none}),
+            'language': ('language', {lambda x: ISO639Utils.short2long(x.casefold()) or 'und'}),
+            'webpage_url': ('perma_url', {url_or_none}),
+            'artists': ('more_info', 'artistMap', 'primary_artists', ..., 'name', {str}, filter, all),
+        })
+        if webpage_url := info.get('webpage_url') or url:
+            info['display_id'] = url_basename(webpage_url)
+            info['_old_archive_ids'] = [make_archive_id(JioSaavnSongIE, info['display_id'])]
+
+        if primary_artists := traverse_obj(song_data, ('primary_artists', {lambda x: x.split(', ') if x else None})):
+            info['artists'].extend(primary_artists)
+        if featured_artists := traverse_obj(song_data, ('featured_artists', {str}, filter)):
+            info['artists'].extend(featured_artists.split(', '))
+        info['artists'] = orderedSet(info['artists']) or None
+
+        return info
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _extract_episode(episode_data, url=None):
+        info = JioSaavnBaseIE._extract_song(episode_data, url)
+        info.pop('_old_archive_ids', None)
+        info.update(traverse_obj(episode_data, {
+            'description': ('more_info', 'description', {str}),
+            'timestamp': ('more_info', 'release_time', {unified_timestamp}),
+            'series': ('more_info', 'show_title', {str}),
+            'series_id': ('more_info', 'show_id', {str}),
+            'season': ('more_info', 'season_title', {str}),
+            'season_number': ('more_info', 'season_no', {int_or_none}),
+            'season_id': ('more_info', 'season_id', {str}),
+            'episode_number': ('more_info', 'episode_number', {int_or_none}),
+            'cast': ('starring', {lambda x: x.split(', ') if x else None}),
+        }))
+        return info
+
+    def _extract_jiosaavn_result(self, url, endpoint, response_key, parse_func):
+        url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url)
+        data = traverse_obj(smuggled_data, ({
+            'id': ('id', {str}),
+            'encrypted_media_url': ('encrypted_media_url', {str}),
+        }))
+
+        if 'id' in data and 'encrypted_media_url' in data:
+            result = {'id': data['id']}
+        else:
+            # only extract metadata if this is not a url_transparent result
+            data = self._call_api(endpoint, self._match_id(url))[response_key][0]
+            result = parse_func(data, url)
+
+        result['formats'] = list(self._extract_formats(data))
+        return result
+
+    def _yield_items(self, playlist_data, keys=None, parse_func=None):
+        """Subclasses using this method must set _ENTRY_IE"""
+        if parse_func is None:
+            parse_func = self._extract_song
+
+        for item_data in traverse_obj(playlist_data, (
+            *variadic(keys, (str, bytes, dict, set)), lambda _, v: v['id'] and v['perma_url'],
+        )):
+            info = parse_func(item_data)
+            url = smuggle_url(info['webpage_url'], traverse_obj(item_data, {
+                'id': ('id', {str}),
+                'encrypted_media_url': ((None, 'more_info'), 'encrypted_media_url', {str}, any),
+            }))
+            yield self.url_result(url, self._ENTRY_IE, url_transparent=True, **info)


 class JioSaavnSongIE(JioSaavnBaseIE):
    IE_NAME = 'jiosaavn:song'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:jiosaavn\.com/song/[^/?#]+/|saavn\.com/s/song/(?:[^/?#]+/){3})(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = JioSaavnBaseIE._URL_BASE_RE + r'(?:/song/[^/?#]+/|/s/song/(?:[^/?#]+/){3})(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/leja-re/OQsEfQFVUXk',
        'md5': '3b84396d15ed9e083c3106f1fa589c04',
@ -106,12 +172,38 @@ class JioSaavnSongIE(JioSaavnBaseIE):
            'ext': 'm4a',
            'title': 'Leja Re',
            'album': 'Leja Re',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https?://c.saavncdn.com/258/Leja-Re-Hindi-2018-20181124024539-500x500.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpg',
            'duration': 205,
            'view_count': int,
            'release_year': 2018,
            'artists': ['Sandesh Shandilya', 'Dhvani Bhanushali', 'Tanishk Bagchi'],
            '_old_archive_ids': ['jiosaavnsong OQsEfQFVUXk'],
+            'channel': 'T-Series',
+            'language': 'hin',
+            'channel_id': '34297',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.jiosaavn.com/label/t-series-albums/6DLuXO3VoTo_',
+            'release_date': '20181124',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/chuttamalle/P1FfWjZkQ0Q',
+        'md5': '96296c58d6ce488a417ef0728fd2d680',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'O94kBTtw',
+            'display_id': 'P1FfWjZkQ0Q',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'title': 'Chuttamalle',
+            'album': 'Devara Part 1 - Telugu',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'duration': 222,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'release_year': 2024,
+            'artists': 'count:3',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['jiosaavnsong P1FfWjZkQ0Q'],
+            'channel': 'T-Series',
+            'language': 'tel',
+            'channel_id': '34297',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.jiosaavn.com/label/t-series-albums/6DLuXO3VoTo_',
+            'release_date': '20240926',
        },
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.saavn.com/s/song/hindi/Saathiya/O-Humdum-Suniyo-Re/KAMiazoCblU',
@ -119,26 +211,51 @@ class JioSaavnSongIE(JioSaavnBaseIE):
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url)
-        song_data = traverse_obj(smuggled_data, ({
-            'id': ('id', {str}),
-            'encrypted_media_url': ('encrypted_media_url', {str}),
-        }))
+        return self._extract_jiosaavn_result(url, 'song', 'songs', self._extract_song)

-        if 'id' in song_data and 'encrypted_media_url' in song_data:
-            result = {'id': song_data['id']}
-        else:
-            # only extract metadata if this is not a url_transparent result
-            song_data = self._call_api('song', self._match_id(url))['songs'][0]
-            result = self._extract_song(song_data, url)

-        result['formats'] = list(self._extract_formats(song_data))
-        return result
+class JioSaavnShowIE(JioSaavnBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'jiosaavn:show'
+    _VALID_URL = JioSaavnBaseIE._URL_BASE_RE + r'/shows/[^/?#]+/(?P<id>[^/?#]{11,})/?(?:$|[?#])'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.jiosaavn.com/shows/non-food-ways-to-boost-your-energy/XFMcKICOCgc_',
+        'md5': '0733cd254cfe74ef88bea1eaedcf1f4f',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'qqzh3RKZ',
+            'display_id': 'XFMcKICOCgc_',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'Non-Food Ways To Boost Your Energy',
+            'description': 'md5:26e7129644b5c6aada32b8851c3997c8',
+            'episode': 'Episode 1',
+            'timestamp': 1640563200,
+            'series': 'Holistic Lifestyle With Neha Ranglani',
+            'series_id': '52397',
+            'season': 'Holistic Lifestyle With Neha Ranglani',
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'season_id': '61273',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'duration': 311,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'release_year': 2021,
+            'language': 'eng',
+            'channel': 'Saavn OG',
+            'channel_id': '1953876',
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'upload_date': '20211227',
+            'release_date': '20211227',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.jiosaavn.com/shows/himesh-reshammiya/Kr8fmfSN4vo_',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        return self._extract_jiosaavn_result(url, 'episode', 'episodes', self._extract_episode)


 class JioSaavnAlbumIE(JioSaavnBaseIE):
    IE_NAME = 'jiosaavn:album'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:jio)?saavn\.com/album/[^/?#]+/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = JioSaavnBaseIE._URL_BASE_RE + r'/album/[^/?#]+/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/96/buIOjYZDrNA_',
        'info_dict': {
@ -147,18 +264,19 @@ class JioSaavnAlbumIE(JioSaavnBaseIE):
        },
        'playlist_count': 10,
    }]
+    _ENTRY_IE = JioSaavnSongIE

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        display_id = self._match_id(url)
        album_data = self._call_api('album', display_id)

        return self.playlist_result(
-            self._yield_songs(album_data), display_id, traverse_obj(album_data, ('title', {str})))
+            self._yield_items(album_data, 'songs'), display_id, traverse_obj(album_data, ('title', {str})))


 class JioSaavnPlaylistIE(JioSaavnBaseIE):
    IE_NAME = 'jiosaavn:playlist'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:jio)?saavn\.com/(?:s/playlist/(?:[^/?#]+/){2}|featured/[^/?#]+/)(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = JioSaavnBaseIE._URL_BASE_RE + r'/(?:s/playlist/(?:[^/?#]+/){2}|featured/[^/?#]+/)(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://www.jiosaavn.com/s/playlist/2279fbe391defa793ad7076929a2f5c9/mood-english/LlJ8ZWT1ibN5084vKHRj2Q__',
        'info_dict': {
@ -172,15 +290,16 @@ class JioSaavnPlaylistIE(JioSaavnBaseIE):
            'id': 'DVR,pFUOwyXqIp77B1JF,A__',
            'title': 'Mood Hindi',
        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 801,
+        'playlist_mincount': 750,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.jiosaavn.com/featured/taaza-tunes/Me5RridRfDk_',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'Me5RridRfDk_',
            'title': 'Taaza Tunes',
        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 301,
+        'playlist_mincount': 50,
    }]
+    _ENTRY_IE = JioSaavnSongIE
    _PAGE_SIZE = 50

    def _fetch_page(self, token, page):
@ -189,7 +308,7 @@ class JioSaavnPlaylistIE(JioSaavnBaseIE):

    def _entries(self, token, first_page_data, page):
        page_data = first_page_data if not page else self._fetch_page(token, page + 1)
-        yield from self._yield_songs(page_data)
+        yield from self._yield_items(page_data, 'songs')

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        display_id = self._match_id(url)
@ -199,3 +318,95 @@ class JioSaavnPlaylistIE(JioSaavnBaseIE):
        return self.playlist_result(InAdvancePagedList(
            functools.partial(self._entries, display_id, playlist_data),
            total_pages, self._PAGE_SIZE), display_id, traverse_obj(playlist_data, ('listname', {str})))
+
+
+class JioSaavnShowPlaylistIE(JioSaavnBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'jiosaavn:show:playlist'
+    _VALID_URL = JioSaavnBaseIE._URL_BASE_RE + r'/shows/(?P<show>[^#/?]+)/(?P<season>\d+)/[^/?#]+'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.jiosaavn.com/shows/talking-music/1/PjReFP-Sguk_',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'talking-music-1',
+            'title': 'Talking Music',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 11,
+    }]
+    _ENTRY_IE = JioSaavnShowIE
+    _PAGE_SIZE = 10
+
+    def _fetch_page(self, show_id, season_id, page):
+        return self._call_api('show', show_id, f'show page {page}', {
+            'p': page,
+            '__call': 'show.getAllEpisodes',
+            'show_id': show_id,
+            'season_number': season_id,
+            'api_version': '4',
+            'sort_order': 'desc',
+        })
+
+    def _entries(self, show_id, season_id, page):
+        page_data = self._fetch_page(show_id, season_id, page + 1)
+        yield from self._yield_items(page_data, keys=None, parse_func=self._extract_episode)
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        show_slug, season_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('show', 'season')
+        playlist_id = f'{show_slug}-{season_id}'
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
+
+        show_info = self._search_json(
+            r'window\.__INITIAL_DATA__\s*=', webpage, 'initial data',
+            playlist_id, transform_source=js_to_json)['showView']
+        show_id = show_info['current_id']
+
+        entries = OnDemandPagedList(functools.partial(self._entries, show_id, season_id), self._PAGE_SIZE)
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            entries, playlist_id, traverse_obj(show_info, ('show', 'title', 'text', {str})))
+
+
+class JioSaavnArtistIE(JioSaavnBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'jiosaavn:artist'
+    _VALID_URL = JioSaavnBaseIE._URL_BASE_RE + r'/artist/[^/?#]+/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.jiosaavn.com/artist/krsna-songs/rYLBEve2z3U_',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'rYLBEve2z3U_',
+            'title': 'KR$NA',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 38,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.jiosaavn.com/artist/sanam-puri-songs/SkNEv3qRhDE_',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'SkNEv3qRhDE_',
+            'title': 'Sanam Puri',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 51,
+    }]
+    _ENTRY_IE = JioSaavnSongIE
+    _PAGE_SIZE = 50
+
+    def _fetch_page(self, artist_id, page):
+        return self._call_api('artist', artist_id, f'artist page {page + 1}', {
+            'p': page,
+            'n_song': self._PAGE_SIZE,
+            'n_album': self._PAGE_SIZE,
+            'sub_type': '',
+            'includeMetaTags': '',
+            'api_version': '4',
+            'category': 'alphabetical',
+            'sort_order': 'asc',
+        })
+
+    def _entries(self, artist_id, first_page):
+        for page in itertools.count():
+            playlist_data = first_page if not page else self._fetch_page(artist_id, page)
+            if not traverse_obj(playlist_data, ('topSongs', ..., {dict})):
+                break
+            yield from self._yield_items(playlist_data, 'topSongs')
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        artist_id = self._match_id(url)
+        first_page = self._fetch_page(artist_id, 0)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            self._entries(artist_id, first_page), artist_id,
+            traverse_obj(first_page, ('name', {str})))
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/lrt.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/lrt.py
@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
    clean_html,
    merge_dicts,
-    str_or_none,
    traverse_obj,
    unified_timestamp,
    url_or_none,
@ -138,13 +137,15 @@ class LRTRadioIE(LRTBaseIE):
            'https://www.lrt.lt/radioteka/api/media', video_id,
            query={'url': f'/mediateka/irasas/{video_id}/{path}'})

-        return traverse_obj(media, {
-            'id': ('id', {int}, {str_or_none}),
-            'title': ('title', {str}),
-            'tags': ('tags', ..., 'name', {str}),
-            'categories': ('playlist_item', 'category', {str}, filter, all, filter),
-            'description': ('content', {clean_html}, {str}),
-            'timestamp': ('date', {lambda x: x.replace('.', '/')}, {unified_timestamp}),
-            'thumbnail': ('playlist_item', 'image', {urljoin('https://www.lrt.lt')}),
-            'formats': ('playlist_item', 'file', {lambda x: self._extract_m3u8_formats(x, video_id)}),
-        })
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(media['playlist_item']['file'], video_id),
+            **traverse_obj(media, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'tags': ('tags', ..., 'name', {str}),
+                'categories': ('playlist_item', 'category', {str}, filter, all, filter),
+                'description': ('content', {clean_html}, {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('date', {lambda x: x.replace('.', '/')}, {unified_timestamp}),
+                'thumbnail': ('playlist_item', 'image', {urljoin('https://www.lrt.lt')}),
+            }),
+        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mitele.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mitele.py
@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 from .telecinco import TelecincoBaseIE
-from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
    int_or_none,
    parse_iso8601,
 )
@ -81,17 +79,7 @@ class MiTeleIE(TelecincoBaseIE):

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        display_id = self._match_id(url)
-
-        try:  # yt-dlp's default user-agents are too old and blocked by akamai
-            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id, headers={
-                'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; rv:136.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/136.0',
-            })
-        except ExtractorError as e:
-            if not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) or e.cause.status != 403:
-                raise
-            # Retry with impersonation if hardcoded UA is insufficient to bypass akamai
-            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id, impersonate=True)
-
+        webpage = self._download_akamai_webpage(url, display_id)
        pre_player = self._search_json(
            r'window\.\$REACTBASE_STATE\.prePlayer_mtweb\s*=',
            webpage, 'Pre Player', display_id)['prePlayer']
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nba.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nba.py
@ -19,7 +19,8 @@ from ..utils import (
 class NBACVPBaseIE(TurnerBaseIE):
    def _extract_nba_cvp_info(self, path, video_id, fatal=False):
        return self._extract_cvp_info(
-            f'http://secure.nba.com/{path}', video_id, {
+            # XXX: The 3rd argument (None) needs to be the AdobePass software_statement
+            f'http://secure.nba.com/{path}', video_id, None, {
                'default': {
                    'media_src': 'http://nba.cdn.turner.com/nba/big',
                },
@ -94,6 +95,7 @@ class NBAWatchBaseIE(NBACVPBaseIE):


 class NBAWatchEmbedIE(NBAWatchBaseIE):
+    _WORKING = False
    IE_NAME = 'nba:watch:embed'
    _VALID_URL = NBAWatchBaseIE._VALID_URL_BASE + r'embed\?.*?\bid=(?P<id>\d+)'
    _TESTS = [{
@ -115,6 +117,7 @@ class NBAWatchEmbedIE(NBAWatchBaseIE):


 class NBAWatchIE(NBAWatchBaseIE):
+    _WORKING = False
    IE_NAME = 'nba:watch'
    _VALID_URL = NBAWatchBaseIE._VALID_URL_BASE + r'(?:nba/)?video/(?P<id>.+?(?=/index\.html)|(?:[^/]+/)*[^/?#&]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
@ -167,6 +170,7 @@ class NBAWatchIE(NBAWatchBaseIE):


 class NBAWatchCollectionIE(NBAWatchBaseIE):
+    _WORKING = False
    IE_NAME = 'nba:watch:collection'
    _VALID_URL = NBAWatchBaseIE._VALID_URL_BASE + r'list/collection/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
@ -336,6 +340,7 @@ class NBABaseIE(NBACVPBaseIE):


 class NBAEmbedIE(NBABaseIE):
+    _WORKING = False
    IE_NAME = 'nba:embed'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://secure\.nba\.com/assets/amp/include/video/(?:topI|i)frame\.html\?.*?\bcontentId=(?P<id>[^?#&]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
@ -358,6 +363,7 @@ class NBAEmbedIE(NBABaseIE):


 class NBAIE(NBABaseIE):
+    _WORKING = False
    IE_NAME = 'nba'
    _VALID_URL = NBABaseIE._VALID_URL_BASE + f'(?!{NBABaseIE._CHANNEL_PATH_REGEX})video/(?P<id>(?:[^/]+/)*[^/?#&]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
@ -385,6 +391,7 @@ class NBAIE(NBABaseIE):


 class NBAChannelIE(NBABaseIE):
+    _WORKING = False
    IE_NAME = 'nba:channel'
    _VALID_URL = NBABaseIE._VALID_URL_BASE + f'(?:{NBABaseIE._CHANNEL_PATH_REGEX})/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nbc.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nbc.py
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import xml.etree.ElementTree

 from .adobepass import AdobePassIE
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from .theplatform import ThePlatformIE, default_ns
+from .theplatform import ThePlatformBaseIE, ThePlatformIE, default_ns
 from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..utils import (
    ExtractorError,
@ -14,26 +14,130 @@ from ..utils import (
    UserNotLive,
    clean_html,
    determine_ext,
+    extract_attributes,
    float_or_none,
+    get_element_html_by_class,
    int_or_none,
    join_nonempty,
+    make_archive_id,
    mimetype2ext,
    parse_age_limit,
    parse_duration,
+    parse_iso8601,
    remove_end,
-    smuggle_url,
-    traverse_obj,
    try_get,
    unescapeHTML,
    unified_timestamp,
    update_url_query,
    url_basename,
+    url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import require, traverse_obj


-class NBCIE(ThePlatformIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?(?P<permalink>://(?:www\.)?nbc\.com/(?:classic-tv/)?[^/]+/video/[^/]+/(?P<id>(?:NBCE|n)?\d+))'
+class NBCUniversalBaseIE(ThePlatformBaseIE):
+    _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['US']
+    _GEO_BYPASS = False
+    _M3U8_RE = r'https?://[^/?#]+/prod/[\w-]+/(?P<folders>[^?#]+/)cmaf/mpeg_(?:cbcs|cenc)\w*/master_cmaf\w*\.m3u8'

+    def _download_nbcu_smil_and_extract_m3u8_url(self, tp_path, video_id, query):
+        smil = self._download_xml(
+            f'https://link.theplatform.com/s/{tp_path}', video_id,
+            'Downloading SMIL manifest', 'Failed to download SMIL manifest', query={
+                **query,
+                'format': 'SMIL',  # XXX: Do not confuse "format" with "formats"
+                'manifest': 'm3u',
+                'switch': 'HLSServiceSecure',  # Or else we get broken mp4 http URLs instead of HLS
+            }, headers=self.geo_verification_headers())
+
+        ns = f'//{{{default_ns}}}'
+        if url := traverse_obj(smil, (f'{ns}video/@src', lambda _, v: determine_ext(v) == 'm3u8', any)):
+            return url
+
+        exc = traverse_obj(smil, (f'{ns}param', lambda _, v: v.get('name') == 'exception', '@value', any))
+        if exc == 'GeoLocationBlocked':
+            self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=self._GEO_COUNTRIES)
+        raise ExtractorError(traverse_obj(smil, (f'{ns}ref/@abstract', ..., any)), expected=exc == 'Expired')
+
+    def _extract_nbcu_formats_and_subtitles(self, tp_path, video_id, query):
+        # formats='mpeg4' will return either a working m3u8 URL or an m3u8 template for non-DRM HLS
+        # formats='m3u+none,mpeg4' may return DRM HLS but w/the "folders" needed for non-DRM template
+        query['formats'] = 'm3u+none,mpeg4'
+        m3u8_url = self._download_nbcu_smil_and_extract_m3u8_url(tp_path, video_id, query)
+
+        if mobj := re.fullmatch(self._M3U8_RE, m3u8_url):
+            query['formats'] = 'mpeg4'
+            m3u8_tmpl = self._download_nbcu_smil_and_extract_m3u8_url(tp_path, video_id, query)
+            # Example: https://vod-lf-oneapp-prd.akamaized.net/prod/video/{folders}master_hls.m3u8
+            if '{folders}' in m3u8_tmpl:
+                self.write_debug('Found m3u8 URL template, formatting URL path')
+            m3u8_url = m3u8_tmpl.format(folders=mobj.group('folders'))
+
+        if '/mpeg_cenc' in m3u8_url or '/mpeg_cbcs' in m3u8_url:
+            self.report_drm(video_id)
+
+        return self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
+
+    def _extract_nbcu_video(self, url, display_id, old_ie_key=None):
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+        settings = self._search_json(
+            r'<script[^>]+data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json"[^>]*>',
+            webpage, 'settings', display_id)
+
+        query = {}
+        tve = extract_attributes(get_element_html_by_class('tve-video-deck-app', webpage) or '')
+        if tve:
+            account_pid = tve.get('data-mpx-media-account-pid') or tve['data-mpx-account-pid']
+            account_id = tve['data-mpx-media-account-id']
+            metadata = self._parse_json(
+                tve.get('data-normalized-video') or '', display_id, fatal=False, transform_source=unescapeHTML)
+            video_id = tve.get('data-guid') or metadata['guid']
+            if tve.get('data-entitlement') == 'auth':
+                auth = settings['tve_adobe_auth']
+                release_pid = tve['data-release-pid']
+                resource = self._get_mvpd_resource(
+                    tve.get('data-adobe-pass-resource-id') or auth['adobePassResourceId'],
+                    tve['data-title'], release_pid, tve.get('data-rating'))
+                query['auth'] = self._extract_mvpd_auth(
+                    url, release_pid, auth['adobePassRequestorId'],
+                    resource, auth['adobePassSoftwareStatement'])
+        else:
+            ls_playlist = traverse_obj(settings, (
+                'ls_playlist', lambda _, v: v['defaultGuid'], any, {require('LS playlist')}))
+            video_id = ls_playlist['defaultGuid']
+            account_pid = ls_playlist.get('mpxMediaAccountPid') or ls_playlist['mpxAccountPid']
+            account_id = ls_playlist['mpxMediaAccountId']
+            metadata = traverse_obj(ls_playlist, ('videos', lambda _, v: v['guid'] == video_id, any)) or {}
+
+        tp_path = f'{account_pid}/media/guid/{account_id}/{video_id}'
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_nbcu_formats_and_subtitles(tp_path, video_id, query)
+        tp_metadata = self._download_theplatform_metadata(tp_path, video_id, fatal=False)
+        parsed_info = self._parse_theplatform_metadata(tp_metadata)
+        self._merge_subtitles(parsed_info['subtitles'], target=subtitles)
+
+        return {
+            **parsed_info,
+            **traverse_obj(metadata, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'duration': ('durationInSeconds', {int_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('airDate', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'thumbnail': ('thumbnailUrl', {url_or_none}),
+                'season_number': ('seasonNumber', {int_or_none}),
+                'episode_number': ('episodeNumber', {int_or_none}),
+                'episode': ('episodeTitle', {str}),
+                'series': ('show', {str}),
+            }),
+            'id': video_id,
+            'display_id': display_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id(old_ie_key, video_id)] if old_ie_key else None,
+        }
+
+
+class NBCIE(NBCUniversalBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?(?P<permalink>://(?:www\.)?nbc\.com/(?:classic-tv/)?[^/?#]+/video/[^/?#]+/(?P<id>\w+))'
    _TESTS = [
        {
            'url': 'http://www.nbc.com/the-tonight-show/video/jimmy-fallon-surprises-fans-at-ben-jerrys/2848237',
@ -49,47 +153,20 @@ class NBCIE(ThePlatformIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                'episode_number': 86,
                'season': 'Season 2',
                'season_number': 2,
-                'series': 'Tonight Show: Jimmy Fallon',
-                'duration': 237.0,
-                'chapters': 'count:1',
-                'tags': 'count:4',
+                'series': 'Tonight',
+                'duration': 236.504,
+                'tags': 'count:2',
                'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpg',
                'categories': ['Series/The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon'],
                'media_type': 'Full Episode',
+                'age_limit': 14,
+                '_old_archive_ids': ['theplatform 2848237'],
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': 'm3u8',
            },
        },
        {
-            'url': 'http://www.nbc.com/saturday-night-live/video/star-wars-teaser/2832821',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': '2832821',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'Star Wars Teaser',
-                'description': 'md5:0b40f9cbde5b671a7ff62fceccc4f442',
-                'timestamp': 1417852800,
-                'upload_date': '20141206',
-                'uploader': 'NBCU-COM',
-            },
-            'skip': 'page not found',
-        },
-        {
-            # HLS streams requires the 'hdnea3' cookie
-            'url': 'http://www.nbc.com/Kings/video/goliath/n1806',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': '101528f5a9e8127b107e98c5e6ce4638',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'Goliath',
-                'description': 'When an unknown soldier saves the life of the King\'s son in battle, he\'s thrust into the limelight and politics of the kingdom.',
-                'timestamp': 1237100400,
-                'upload_date': '20090315',
-                'uploader': 'NBCU-COM',
-            },
-            'skip': 'page not found',
-        },
-        {
-            # manifest url does not have extension
            'url': 'https://www.nbc.com/the-golden-globe-awards/video/oprah-winfrey-receives-cecil-b-de-mille-award-at-the-2018-golden-globes/3646439',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': '3646439',
@ -99,48 +176,47 @@ class NBCIE(ThePlatformIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                'episode_number': 1,
                'season': 'Season 75',
                'season_number': 75,
-                'series': 'The Golden Globe Awards',
+                'series': 'Golden Globes',
                'description': 'Oprah Winfrey receives the Cecil B. de Mille Award at the 75th Annual Golden Globe Awards.',
                'uploader': 'NBCU-COM',
                'upload_date': '20180107',
                'timestamp': 1515312000,
-                'duration': 570.0,
+                'duration': 569.703,
                'tags': 'count:8',
                'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpg',
-                'chapters': 'count:1',
+                'media_type': 'Highlight',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'categories': ['Series/The Golden Globe Awards'],
+                '_old_archive_ids': ['theplatform 3646439'],
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': 'm3u8',
            },
        },
        {
-            # new video_id format
-            'url': 'https://www.nbc.com/quantum-leap/video/bens-first-leap-nbcs-quantum-leap/NBCE125189978',
+            # Needs to be extracted from webpage instead of GraphQL
+            'url': 'https://www.nbc.com/paris2024/video/ali-truwit-found-purpose-pool-after-her-life-changed/para24_sww_alitruwittodayshow_240823',
            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'NBCE125189978',
+                'id': 'para24_sww_alitruwittodayshow_240823',
                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'Ben\'s First Leap | NBC\'s Quantum Leap',
-                'description': 'md5:a82762449b7ec4bb83291a7b355ebf8e',
-                'uploader': 'NBCU-COM',
-                'series': 'Quantum Leap',
-                'season': 'Season 1',
-                'season_number': 1,
-                'episode': 'Ben\'s First Leap | NBC\'s Quantum Leap',
-                'episode_number': 1,
-                'duration': 170.171,
-                'chapters': [],
-                'timestamp': 1663956155,
-                'upload_date': '20220923',
-                'tags': 'count:10',
-                'age_limit': 0,
+                'title': 'Ali Truwit found purpose in the pool after her life changed',
+                'description': 'md5:c16d7489e1516593de1cc5d3f39b9bdb',
+                'uploader': 'NBCU-SPORTS',
+                'duration': 311.077,
                'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpg',
-                'categories': ['Series/Quantum Leap 2022'],
-                'media_type': 'Highlight',
+                'episode': 'Ali Truwit found purpose in the pool after her life changed',
+                'timestamp': 1724435902.0,
+                'upload_date': '20240823',
+                '_old_archive_ids': ['theplatform para24_sww_alitruwittodayshow_240823'],
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': 'm3u8',
            },
        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.nbc.com/quantum-leap/video/bens-first-leap-nbcs-quantum-leap/NBCE125189978',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
        {
            'url': 'https://www.nbc.com/classic-tv/charles-in-charge/video/charles-in-charge-pilot/n3310',
            'only_matching': True,
@ -151,6 +227,7 @@ class NBCIE(ThePlatformIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
            'only_matching': True,
        },
    ]
+    _SOFTWARE_STATEMENT = 'eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiI1Yzg2YjdkYy04NDI3LTRjNDUtOGQwZi1iNDkzYmE3MmQwYjQiLCJuYmYiOjE1Nzg3MDM2MzEsImlzcyI6ImF1dGguYWRvYmUuY29tIiwiaWF0IjoxNTc4NzAzNjMxfQ.QQKIsBhAjGQTMdAqRTqhcz2Cddr4Y2hEjnSiOeKKki4nLrkDOsjQMmqeTR0hSRarraxH54wBgLvsxI7LHwKMvr7G8QpynNAxylHlQD3yhN9tFhxt4KR5wW3as02B-W2TznK9bhNWPKIyHND95Uo2Mi6rEQoq8tM9O09WPWaanE5BX_-r6Llr6dPq5F0Lpx2QOn2xYRb1T4nFxdFTNoss8GBds8OvChTiKpXMLHegLTc1OS4H_1a8tO_37jDwSdJuZ8iTyRLV4kZ2cpL6OL5JPMObD4-HQiec_dfcYgMKPiIfP9ZqdXpec2SVaCLsWEk86ZYvD97hLIQrK5rrKd1y-A'

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        permalink, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
@ -196,62 +273,50 @@ class NBCIE(ThePlatformIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                    'userId': '0',
                }),
            })['data']['bonanzaPage']['metadata']
-        query = {
-            'mbr': 'true',
-            'manifest': 'm3u',
-            'switch': 'HLSServiceSecure',
-        }
+
+        if not video_data:
+            # Some videos are not available via GraphQL API
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+            video_data = self._search_json(
+                r'<script>\s*PRELOAD\s*=', webpage, 'video data',
+                video_id)['pages'][urllib.parse.urlparse(url).path]['base']['metadata']
+
        video_id = video_data['mpxGuid']
-        tp_path = 'NnzsPC/media/guid/{}/{}'.format(video_data.get('mpxAccountId') or '2410887629', video_id)
-        tpm = self._download_theplatform_metadata(tp_path, video_id)
-        title = tpm.get('title') or video_data.get('secondaryTitle')
+        tp_path = f'NnzsPC/media/guid/{video_data["mpxAccountId"]}/{video_id}'
+        tpm = self._download_theplatform_metadata(tp_path, video_id, fatal=False)
+        title = traverse_obj(tpm, ('title', {str})) or video_data.get('secondaryTitle')
+        query = {}
        if video_data.get('locked'):
            resource = self._get_mvpd_resource(
-                video_data.get('resourceId') or 'nbcentertainment',
-                title, video_id, video_data.get('rating'))
+                video_data['resourceId'], title, video_id, video_data.get('rating'))
            query['auth'] = self._extract_mvpd_auth(
-                url, video_id, 'nbcentertainment', resource)
-        theplatform_url = smuggle_url(update_url_query(
-            'http://link.theplatform.com/s/NnzsPC/media/guid/{}/{}'.format(video_data.get('mpxAccountId') or '2410887629', video_id),
-            query), {'force_smil_url': True})
+                url, video_id, 'nbcentertainment', resource, self._SOFTWARE_STATEMENT)

-        # Empty string or 0 can be valid values for these. So the check must be `is None`
-        description = video_data.get('description')
-        if description is None:
-            description = tpm.get('description')
-        episode_number = int_or_none(video_data.get('episodeNumber'))
-        if episode_number is None:
-            episode_number = int_or_none(tpm.get('nbcu$airOrder'))
-        rating = video_data.get('rating')
-        if rating is None:
-            try_get(tpm, lambda x: x['ratings'][0]['rating'])
-        season_number = int_or_none(video_data.get('seasonNumber'))
-        if season_number is None:
-            season_number = int_or_none(tpm.get('nbcu$seasonNumber'))
-        series = video_data.get('seriesShortTitle')
-        if series is None:
-            series = tpm.get('nbcu$seriesShortTitle')
-        tags = video_data.get('keywords')
-        if tags is None or len(tags) == 0:
-            tags = tpm.get('keywords')
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_nbcu_formats_and_subtitles(tp_path, video_id, query)
+        parsed_info = self._parse_theplatform_metadata(tpm)
+        self._merge_subtitles(parsed_info['subtitles'], target=subtitles)

        return {
-            '_type': 'url_transparent',
-            'age_limit': parse_age_limit(rating),
-            'description': description,
-            'episode': title,
-            'episode_number': episode_number,
+            **traverse_obj(video_data, {
+                'description': ('description', {str}, filter),
+                'episode': ('secondaryTitle', {str}, filter),
+                'episode_number': ('episodeNumber', {int_or_none}),
+                'season_number': ('seasonNumber', {int_or_none}),
+                'age_limit': ('rating', {parse_age_limit}),
+                'tags': ('keywords', ..., {str}, filter, all, filter),
+                'series': ('seriesShortTitle', {str}),
+            }),
+            **parsed_info,
            'id': video_id,
-            'ie_key': 'ThePlatform',
-            'season_number': season_number,
-            'series': series,
-            'tags': tags,
            'title': title,
-            'url': theplatform_url,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id('ThePlatform', video_id)],
        }


 class NBCSportsVPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _WORKING = False
    _VALID_URL_BASE = r'https?://(?:vplayer\.nbcsports\.com|(?:www\.)?nbcsports\.com/vplayer)/'
    _VALID_URL = _VALID_URL_BASE + r'(?:[^/]+/)+(?P<id>[0-9a-zA-Z_]+)'
    _EMBED_REGEX = [rf'(?:iframe[^>]+|var video|div[^>]+data-(?:mpx-)?)[sS]rc\s?=\s?"(?P<url>{_VALID_URL_BASE}[^\"]+)']
@ -286,6 +351,7 @@ class NBCSportsVPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):


 class NBCSportsIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _WORKING = False
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?nbcsports\.com//?(?!vplayer/)(?:[^/]+/)+(?P<id>[0-9a-z-]+)'

    _TESTS = [{
@ -321,6 +387,7 @@ class NBCSportsIE(InfoExtractor):


 class NBCSportsStreamIE(AdobePassIE):
+    _WORKING = False
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://stream\.nbcsports\.com/.+?\bpid=(?P<id>\d+)'
    _TEST = {
        'url': 'http://stream.nbcsports.com/nbcsn/generic?pid=206559',
@ -354,7 +421,7 @@ class NBCSportsStreamIE(AdobePassIE):
            source_url = video_source['ottStreamUrl']
        is_live = video_source.get('type') == 'live' or video_source.get('status') == 'Live'
        resource = self._get_mvpd_resource('nbcsports', title, video_id, '')
-        token = self._extract_mvpd_auth(url, video_id, 'nbcsports', resource)
+        token = self._extract_mvpd_auth(url, video_id, 'nbcsports', resource, None)  # XXX: None arg needs to be software_statement
        tokenized_url = self._download_json(
            'https://token.playmakerservices.com/cdn',
            video_id, data=json.dumps({
@ -534,22 +601,26 @@ class NBCOlympicsIE(InfoExtractor):
    IE_NAME = 'nbcolympics'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.nbcolympics\.com/videos?/(?P<id>[0-9a-z-]+)'

-    _TEST = {
+    _TESTS = [{
        # Geo-restricted to US
-        'url': 'http://www.nbcolympics.com/video/justin-roses-son-leo-was-tears-after-his-dad-won-gold',
-        'md5': '54fecf846d05429fbaa18af557ee523a',
+        'url': 'https://www.nbcolympics.com/videos/watch-final-minutes-team-usas-mens-basketball-gold',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'WjTBzDXx5AUq',
-            'display_id': 'justin-roses-son-leo-was-tears-after-his-dad-won-gold',
+            'id': 'SAwGfPlQ1q01',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Rose\'s son Leo was in tears after his dad won gold',
-            'description': 'Olympic gold medalist Justin Rose gets emotional talking to the impact his win in men\'s golf has already had on his children.',
-            'timestamp': 1471274964,
-            'upload_date': '20160815',
+            'display_id': 'watch-final-minutes-team-usas-mens-basketball-gold',
+            'title': 'Watch the final minutes of Team USA\'s men\'s basketball gold',
+            'description': 'md5:f704f591217305c9559b23b877aa8d31',
            'uploader': 'NBCU-SPORTS',
+            'duration': 387.053,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'chapters': [],
+            'timestamp': 1723346984,
+            'upload_date': '20240811',
        },
-        'skip': '404 Not Found',
-    }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'http://www.nbcolympics.com/video/justin-roses-son-leo-was-tears-after-his-dad-won-gold',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        display_id = self._match_id(url)
@ -578,6 +649,7 @@ class NBCOlympicsIE(InfoExtractor):


 class NBCOlympicsStreamIE(AdobePassIE):
+    _WORKING = False
    IE_NAME = 'nbcolympics:stream'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://stream\.nbcolympics\.com/(?P<id>[0-9a-z-]+)'
    _TESTS = [
@ -630,7 +702,8 @@ class NBCOlympicsStreamIE(AdobePassIE):
                event_config.get('resourceId', 'NBCOlympics'),
                re.sub(r'[^\w\d ]+', '', event_config['eventTitle']), pid,
                event_config.get('ratingId', 'NO VALUE'))
-            media_token = self._extract_mvpd_auth(url, pid, event_config.get('requestorId', 'NBCOlympics'), ap_resource)
+            # XXX: The None arg below needs to be the software_statement for this requestor
+            media_token = self._extract_mvpd_auth(url, pid, event_config.get('requestorId', 'NBCOlympics'), ap_resource, None)

            source_url = self._download_json(
                'https://tokens.playmakerservices.com/', pid, 'Retrieving tokenized URL',
@ -848,3 +921,178 @@ class NBCStationsIE(InfoExtractor):
            'is_live': is_live,
            **info,
        }
+
+
+class BravoTVIE(NBCUniversalBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:bravotv|oxygen)\.com/(?:[^/?#]+/)+(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.bravotv.com/top-chef/season-16/episode-15/videos/the-top-chef-season-16-winner-is',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3923059',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'The Top Chef Season 16 Winner Is...',
+            'display_id': 'the-top-chef-season-16-winner-is',
+            'description': 'Find out who takes the title of Top Chef!',
+            'upload_date': '20190315',
+            'timestamp': 1552618860,
+            'season_number': 16,
+            'episode_number': 15,
+            'series': 'Top Chef',
+            'episode': 'Finale',
+            'duration': 190,
+            'season': 'Season 16',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://.+\.jpg',
+            'uploader': 'NBCU-BRAV',
+            'categories': ['Series', 'Series/Top Chef'],
+            'tags': 'count:10',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.bravotv.com/top-chef/season-20/episode-1/london-calling',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '9000234570',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'London Calling',
+            'display_id': 'london-calling',
+            'description': 'md5:5af95a8cbac1856bd10e7562f86bb759',
+            'upload_date': '20230310',
+            'timestamp': 1678418100,
+            'season_number': 20,
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'series': 'Top Chef',
+            'episode': 'London Calling',
+            'duration': 3266,
+            'season': 'Season 20',
+            'chapters': 'count:7',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://.+\.jpg',
+            'age_limit': 14,
+            'media_type': 'Full Episode',
+            'uploader': 'NBCU-MPAT',
+            'categories': ['Series/Top Chef'],
+            'tags': 'count:10',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'skip': 'This video requires AdobePass MSO credentials',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.oxygen.com/in-ice-cold-blood/season-1/closing-night',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3692045',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Closing Night',
+            'display_id': 'closing-night',
+            'description': 'md5:c8a5bb523c8ef381f3328c6d9f1e4632',
+            'upload_date': '20230126',
+            'timestamp': 1674709200,
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'series': 'In Ice Cold Blood',
+            'episode': 'Closing Night',
+            'duration': 2629,
+            'season': 'Season 1',
+            'chapters': 'count:6',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://.+\.jpg',
+            'age_limit': 14,
+            'media_type': 'Full Episode',
+            'uploader': 'NBCU-MPAT',
+            'categories': ['Series/In Ice Cold Blood'],
+            'tags': ['ice-t', 'in ice cold blood', 'law and order', 'oxygen', 'true crime'],
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'skip': 'This video requires AdobePass MSO credentials',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.oxygen.com/in-ice-cold-blood/season-2/episode-16/videos/handling-the-horwitz-house-after-the-murder-season-2',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3974019',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '\'Handling The Horwitz House After The Murder (Season 2, Episode 16)',
+            'display_id': 'handling-the-horwitz-house-after-the-murder-season-2',
+            'description': 'md5:f9d638dd6946a1c1c0533a9c6100eae5',
+            'upload_date': '20190618',
+            'timestamp': 1560819600,
+            'season_number': 2,
+            'episode_number': 16,
+            'series': 'In Ice Cold Blood',
+            'episode': 'Mother Vs Son',
+            'duration': 68,
+            'season': 'Season 2',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://.+\.jpg',
+            'age_limit': 14,
+            'uploader': 'NBCU-OXY',
+            'categories': ['Series/In Ice Cold Blood'],
+            'tags': ['in ice cold blood', 'ice-t', 'law and order', 'true crime', 'oxygen'],
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.bravotv.com/below-deck/season-3/ep-14-reunion-part-1',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        return self._extract_nbcu_video(url, display_id)
+
+
+class SyfyIE(NBCUniversalBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?syfy\.com/[^/?#]+/(?:season-\d+/episode-\d+/(?:videos/)?|videos/)(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.syfy.com/face-off/season-13/episode-10/videos/keyed-up',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3774403',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': 'keyed-up',
+            'title': 'Keyed Up',
+            'description': 'md5:feafd15bee449f212dcd3065bbe9a755',
+            'age_limit': 14,
+            'duration': 169,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://www\.syfy\.com/.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'series': 'Face Off',
+            'season': 'Season 13',
+            'season_number': 13,
+            'episode': 'Through the Looking Glass Part 2',
+            'episode_number': 10,
+            'timestamp': 1533711618,
+            'upload_date': '20180808',
+            'media_type': 'Excerpt',
+            'uploader': 'NBCU-MPAT',
+            'categories': ['Series/Face Off'],
+            'tags': 'count:15',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['theplatform 3774403'],
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.syfy.com/face-off/season-13/episode-10/through-the-looking-glass-part-2',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3772391',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': 'through-the-looking-glass-part-2',
+            'title': 'Through the Looking Glass Pt.2',
+            'description': 'md5:90bd5dcbf1059fe3296c263599af41d2',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'duration': 2599,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://www\.syfy\.com/.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'chapters': [{'start_time': 0.0, 'end_time': 679.0, 'title': '<Untitled Chapter 1>'},
+                         {'start_time': 679.0, 'end_time': 1040.967, 'title': '<Untitled Chapter 2>'},
+                         {'start_time': 1040.967, 'end_time': 1403.0, 'title': '<Untitled Chapter 3>'},
+                         {'start_time': 1403.0, 'end_time': 1870.0, 'title': '<Untitled Chapter 4>'},
+                         {'start_time': 1870.0, 'end_time': 2496.967, 'title': '<Untitled Chapter 5>'},
+                         {'start_time': 2496.967, 'end_time': 2599, 'title': '<Untitled Chapter 6>'}],
+            'series': 'Face Off',
+            'season': 'Season 13',
+            'season_number': 13,
+            'episode': 'Through the Looking Glass Part 2',
+            'episode_number': 10,
+            'timestamp': 1672570800,
+            'upload_date': '20230101',
+            'media_type': 'Full Episode',
+            'uploader': 'NBCU-MPAT',
+            'categories': ['Series/Face Off'],
+            'tags': 'count:15',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['theplatform 3772391'],
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'skip': 'This video requires AdobePass MSO credentials',
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        return self._extract_nbcu_video(url, display_id, old_ie_key='ThePlatform')
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nebula.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nebula.py
@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import json

 from .art19 import Art19IE
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking import PATCHRequest
 from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
    ExtractorError,
@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ class NebulaBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                        'app_version': '23.10.0',
                        'platform': 'ios',
                    })
-                return {'formats': fmts, 'subtitles': subs}
+                break
            except ExtractorError as e:
                if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
                    self.raise_login_required()
@ -84,6 +85,9 @@ class NebulaBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                    continue
                raise

+        self.mark_watched(content_id, slug)
+        return {'formats': fmts, 'subtitles': subs}
+
    def _extract_video_metadata(self, episode):
        channel_url = traverse_obj(
            episode, (('channel_slug', 'class_slug'), {urljoin('https://nebula.tv/')}), get_all=False)
@ -111,6 +115,13 @@ class NebulaBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
            'uploader_url': channel_url,
        }

+    def _mark_watched(self, content_id, slug):
+        self._call_api(
+            PATCHRequest(f'https://content.api.nebula.app/{content_id.split(":")[0]}s/{content_id}/progress/'),
+            slug, 'Marking watched', 'Unable to mark watched', fatal=False,
+            data=json.dumps({'completed': True}).encode(),
+            headers={'content-type': 'application/json'})
+

 class NebulaIE(NebulaBaseIE):
    IE_NAME = 'nebula:video'
@ -322,6 +333,7 @@ class NebulaClassIE(NebulaBaseIE):
            if not episode_url and metadata.get('premium'):
                self.raise_login_required()

+            self.mark_watched(metadata['id'], slug)
            if Art19IE.suitable(episode_url):
                return self.url_result(episode_url, Art19IE)
            return traverse_obj(metadata, {
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py
@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from ..utils import (
    determine_ext,
    float_or_none,
    int_or_none,
+    parse_bitrate,
    parse_duration,
    parse_iso8601,
    parse_qs,
@ -23,7 +24,6 @@ from ..utils import (
    qualities,
    remove_start,
    str_or_none,
-    try_get,
    unescapeHTML,
    unified_timestamp,
    update_url_query,
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ from ..utils import (
    urlencode_postdata,
    urljoin,
 )
-from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, require, traverse_obj


 class NiconicoBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@ -283,35 +283,54 @@ class NiconicoIE(NiconicoBaseIE):
                lambda _, v: v['id'] == video_fmt['format_id'], 'qualityLevel', {int_or_none}, any)) or -1
            yield video_fmt

+    def _extract_server_response(self, webpage, video_id, fatal=True):
+        try:
+            return traverse_obj(
+                self._parse_json(self._html_search_meta('server-response', webpage) or '', video_id),
+                ('data', 'response', {dict}, {require('server response')}))
+        except ExtractorError:
+            if not fatal:
+                return {}
+            raise
+
    def _real_extract(self, url):
        video_id = self._match_id(url)

        try:
            webpage, handle = self._download_webpage_handle(
-                'https://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/' + video_id, video_id)
+                f'https://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/{video_id}', video_id,
+                headers=self.geo_verification_headers())
            if video_id.startswith('so'):
                video_id = self._match_id(handle.url)

-            api_data = traverse_obj(
-                self._parse_json(self._html_search_meta('server-response', webpage) or '', video_id),
-                ('data', 'response', {dict}))
-            if not api_data:
-                raise ExtractorError('Server response data not found')
+            api_data = self._extract_server_response(webpage, video_id)
        except ExtractorError as e:
            try:
                api_data = self._download_json(
-                    f'https://www.nicovideo.jp/api/watch/v3/{video_id}?_frontendId=6&_frontendVersion=0&actionTrackId=AAAAAAAAAA_{round(time.time() * 1000)}', video_id,
-                    note='Downloading API JSON', errnote='Unable to fetch data')['data']
+                    f'https://www.nicovideo.jp/api/watch/v3/{video_id}', video_id,
+                    'Downloading API JSON', 'Unable to fetch data', query={
+                        '_frontendId': '6',
+                        '_frontendVersion': '0',
+                        'actionTrackId': f'AAAAAAAAAA_{round(time.time() * 1000)}',
+                    }, headers=self.geo_verification_headers())['data']
            except ExtractorError:
                if not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError):
+                    # Raise if original exception was from _parse_json or utils.traversal.require
                    raise
+                # The webpage server response has more detailed error info than the API response
                webpage = e.cause.response.read().decode('utf-8', 'replace')
-                error_msg = self._html_search_regex(
-                    r'(?s)<section\s+class="(?:(?:ErrorMessage|WatchExceptionPage-message)\s*)+">(.+?)</section>',
-                    webpage, 'error reason', default=None)
-                if not error_msg:
+                reason_code = self._extract_server_response(
+                    webpage, video_id, fatal=False).get('reasonCode')
+                if not reason_code:
                    raise
-                raise ExtractorError(clean_html(error_msg), expected=True)
+                if reason_code in ('DOMESTIC_VIDEO', 'HIGH_RISK_COUNTRY_VIDEO'):
+                    self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=self._GEO_COUNTRIES)
+                elif reason_code == 'HIDDEN_VIDEO':
+                    raise ExtractorError(
+                        'The viewing period of this video has expired', expected=True)
+                elif reason_code == 'DELETED_VIDEO':
+                    raise ExtractorError('This video has been deleted', expected=True)
+                raise ExtractorError(f'Niconico says: {reason_code}')

        availability = self._availability(**(traverse_obj(api_data, ('payment', 'video', {
            'needs_premium': ('isPremium', {bool}),
@ -785,8 +804,6 @@ class NiconicoLiveIE(NiconicoBaseIE):
        'only_matching': True,
    }]

-    _KNOWN_LATENCY = ('high', 'low')
-
    def _real_extract(self, url):
        video_id = self._match_id(url)
        webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(f'https://live.nicovideo.jp/watch/{video_id}', video_id)
@ -802,22 +819,19 @@ class NiconicoLiveIE(NiconicoBaseIE):
        })

        hostname = remove_start(urllib.parse.urlparse(urlh.url).hostname, 'sp.')
-        latency = try_get(self._configuration_arg('latency'), lambda x: x[0])
-        if latency not in self._KNOWN_LATENCY:
-            latency = 'high'

        ws = self._request_webpage(
            Request(ws_url, headers={'Origin': f'https://{hostname}'}),
            video_id=video_id, note='Connecting to WebSocket server')

-        self.write_debug('[debug] Sending HLS server request')
+        self.write_debug('Sending HLS server request')
        ws.send(json.dumps({
            'type': 'startWatching',
            'data': {
                'stream': {
                    'quality': 'abr',
-                    'protocol': 'hls+fmp4',
-                    'latency': latency,
+                    'protocol': 'hls',
+                    'latency': 'high',
                    'accessRightMethod': 'single_cookie',
                    'chasePlay': False,
                },
@ -881,18 +895,29 @@ class NiconicoLiveIE(NiconicoBaseIE):
        for cookie in cookies:
            self._set_cookie(
                cookie['domain'], cookie['name'], cookie['value'],
-                expire_time=unified_timestamp(cookie['expires']), path=cookie['path'], secure=cookie['secure'])
+                expire_time=unified_timestamp(cookie.get('expires')), path=cookie['path'], secure=cookie['secure'])
+
+        fmt_common = {
+            'live_latency': 'high',
+            'origin': hostname,
+            'protocol': 'niconico_live',
+            'video_id': video_id,
+            'ws': ws,
+        }
+        q_iter = (q for q in qualities[1:] if not q.startswith('audio_'))  # ignore initial 'abr'
+        a_map = {96: 'audio_low', 192: 'audio_high'}

        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, ext='mp4', live=True)
-        for fmt, q in zip(formats, reversed(qualities[1:])):
-            fmt.update({
-                'format_id': q,
-                'protocol': 'niconico_live',
-                'ws': ws,
-                'video_id': video_id,
-                'live_latency': latency,
-                'origin': hostname,
-            })
+        for fmt in formats:
+            if fmt.get('acodec') == 'none':
+                fmt['format_id'] = next(q_iter, fmt['format_id'])
+            elif fmt.get('vcodec') == 'none':
+                abr = parse_bitrate(fmt['url'].lower())
+                fmt.update({
+                    'abr': abr,
+                    'format_id': a_map.get(abr, fmt['format_id']),
+                })
+            fmt.update(fmt_common)

        return {
            'id': video_id,
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nobelprize.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nobelprize.py
@ -1,59 +1,57 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
-    determine_ext,
-    get_element_by_attribute,
+    UnsupportedError,
+    clean_html,
    int_or_none,
-    js_to_json,
-    mimetype2ext,
-    update_url_query,
+    parse_duration,
+    parse_qs,
+    str_or_none,
+    update_url,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj


 class NobelPrizeIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _WORKING = False
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?nobelprize\.org/mediaplayer.*?\bid=(?P<id>\d+)'
-    _TEST = {
-        'url': 'http://www.nobelprize.org/mediaplayer/?id=2636',
-        'md5': '04c81e5714bb36cc4e2232fee1d8157f',
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:mediaplayer|www)\.)?nobelprize\.org/mediaplayer/'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.nobelprize.org/mediaplayer/?id=2636',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '2636',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'Announcement of the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics',
-            'description': 'md5:05beba57f4f5a4bbd4cf2ef28fcff739',
+            'description': 'md5:1a2d8a6ca80c88fb3b9a326e0b0e8e43',
+            'duration': 1560.0,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://www\.nobelprize\.org/images/.+\.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1504883793,
+            'upload_date': '20170908',
        },
-    }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://mediaplayer.nobelprize.org/mediaplayer/?qid=12693',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '12693',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Nobel Lecture by Peter Higgs',
+            'description': 'md5:9b12e275dbe3a8138484e70e00673a05',
+            'duration': 1800.0,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://www\.nobelprize\.org/images/.+\.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1504883793,
+            'upload_date': '20170908',
+        },
+    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-        media = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'(?s)var\s*config\s*=\s*({.+?});', webpage,
-            'config'), video_id, js_to_json)['media']
-        title = media['title']
-
-        formats = []
-        for source in media.get('source', []):
-            source_src = source.get('src')
-            if not source_src:
-                continue
-            ext = mimetype2ext(source.get('type')) or determine_ext(source_src)
-            if ext == 'm3u8':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                    source_src, video_id, 'mp4', 'm3u8_native',
-                    m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
-            elif ext == 'f4m':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_f4m_formats(
-                    update_url_query(source_src, {'hdcore': '3.7.0'}),
-                    video_id, f4m_id='hds', fatal=False))
-            else:
-                formats.append({
-                    'url': source_src,
-                })
+        video_id = traverse_obj(parse_qs(url), (
+            ('id', 'qid'), -1, {int_or_none}, {str_or_none}, any))
+        if not video_id:
+            raise UnsupportedError(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(
+            update_url(url, netloc='mediaplayer.nobelprize.org'), video_id)

        return {
+            **self._search_json_ld(webpage, video_id),
            'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': get_element_by_attribute('itemprop', 'description', webpage),
-            'duration': int_or_none(media.get('duration')),
-            'formats': formats,
+            'title': self._html_search_meta('caption', webpage),
+            'description': traverse_obj(webpage, (
+                {find_element(tag='span', attr='itemprop', value='description')}, {clean_html})),
+            'duration': parse_duration(self._html_search_meta('duration', webpage)),
        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ntvcojp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ntvcojp.py
@ -1,55 +1,82 @@
-from .common import InfoExtractor
+from .streaks import StreaksBaseIE
 from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
-    smuggle_url,
-    traverse_obj,
+    int_or_none,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    str_or_none,
+    url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import require, traverse_obj


-class NTVCoJpCUIE(InfoExtractor):
+class NTVCoJpCUIE(StreaksBaseIE):
    IE_NAME = 'cu.ntv.co.jp'
-    IE_DESC = 'Nippon Television Network'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://cu\.ntv\.co\.jp/(?!program)(?P<id>[^/?&#]+)'
-    _TEST = {
-        'url': 'https://cu.ntv.co.jp/televiva-chill-gohan_181031/',
+    IE_DESC = '日テレ無料TADA!'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://cu\.ntv\.co\.jp/(?!program-list|search)(?P<id>[\w-]+)/?(?:[?#]|$)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://cu.ntv.co.jp/gaki_20250525/',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '5978891207001',
+            'id': 'gaki_20250525',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '桜エビと炒り卵がポイント！ 「中華風 エビチリおにぎり」──『美虎』五十嵐美幸',
-            'upload_date': '20181213',
-            'description': 'md5:1985b51a9abc285df0104d982a325f2a',
-            'uploader_id': '3855502814001',
-            'timestamp': 1544669941,
+            'title': '放送開始36年!方正ココリコが選ぶ神回&地獄回!',
+            'cast': 'count:2',
+            'description': 'md5:1e1db556224d627d4d2f74370c650927',
+            'display_id': 'ref:gaki_20250525',
+            'duration': 1450,
+            'episode': '放送開始36年!方正ココリコが選ぶ神回&地獄回!',
+            'episode_id': '000000010172808',
+            'episode_number': 255,
+            'genres': ['variety'],
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'modified_date': '20250525',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1748145537,
+            'release_date': '20250525',
+            'release_timestamp': 1748145539,
+            'series': 'ダウンタウンのガキの使いやあらへんで！',
+            'series_id': 'gaki',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1748145197,
+            'upload_date': '20250525',
+            'uploader': '日本テレビ放送網',
+            'uploader_id': '0x7FE2',
        },
-        'params': {
-            # m3u8 download
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-    }
-
-    BRIGHTCOVE_URL_TEMPLATE = 'http://players.brightcove.net/%s/default_default/index.html?videoId=%s'
+    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        display_id = self._match_id(url)
        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-        player_config = self._search_nuxt_data(webpage, display_id)
-        video_id = traverse_obj(player_config, ('movie', 'video_id'))
-        if not video_id:
-            raise ExtractorError('Failed to extract video ID for Brightcove')
-        account_id = traverse_obj(player_config, ('player', 'account')) or '3855502814001'
-        title = traverse_obj(player_config, ('movie', 'name'))
-        if not title:
-            og_title = self._og_search_title(webpage, fatal=False) or traverse_obj(player_config, ('player', 'title'))
-            if og_title:
-                title = og_title.split('(', 1)[0].strip()
-        description = (traverse_obj(player_config, ('movie', 'description'))
-                       or self._html_search_meta(['description', 'og:description'], webpage))
+
+        info = self._search_json(
+            r'window\.app\s*=', webpage, 'video info',
+            display_id)['falcorCache']['catalog']['episode'][display_id]['value']
+        media_id = traverse_obj(info, (
+            'streaks_data', 'mediaid', {str_or_none}, {require('Streaks media ID')}))
+        non_phonetic = (lambda _, v: v['is_phonetic'] is False, 'value', {str})
+
        return {
-            '_type': 'url_transparent',
-            'id': video_id,
-            'display_id': display_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': description,
-            'url': smuggle_url(self.BRIGHTCOVE_URL_TEMPLATE % (account_id, video_id), {'geo_countries': ['JP']}),
-            'ie_key': 'BrightcoveNew',
+            **self._extract_from_streaks_api('ntv-tada', media_id, headers={
+                'X-Streaks-Api-Key': 'df497719056b44059a0483b8faad1f4a',
+            }),
+            **traverse_obj(info, {
+                'id': ('content_id', {str_or_none}),
+                'title': ('title', *non_phonetic, any),
+                'age_limit': ('is_adult_only_content', {lambda x: 18 if x else None}),
+                'cast': ('credit', ..., 'name', *non_phonetic),
+                'genres': ('genre', ..., {str}),
+                'release_timestamp': ('pub_date', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('artwork', ..., 'url', any, {url_or_none}),
+            }),
+            **traverse_obj(info, ('tv_episode_info', {
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'episode_number': ('episode_number', {int}),
+                'series': ('parent_show_title', *non_phonetic, any),
+                'series_id': ('show_content_id', {str}),
+            })),
+            **traverse_obj(info, ('custom_data', {
+                'description': ('program_detail', {str}),
+                'episode': ('episode_title', {str}),
+                'episode_id': ('episode_id', {str_or_none}),
+                'uploader': ('network_name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('network_id', {str}),
+            })),
        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nytimes.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nytimes.py
@ -181,6 +181,7 @@ class NYTimesArticleIE(NYTimesBaseIE):
            'thumbnail': r're:https?://\w+\.nyt.com/images/.*\.jpg',
            'duration': 119.0,
        },
+        'skip': 'HTTP Error 500: Internal Server Error',
    }, {
        # article with audio and no video
        'url': 'https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/29/health/mosquitoes-genetic-engineering.html',
@ -190,13 +191,14 @@ class NYTimesArticleIE(NYTimesBaseIE):
            'ext': 'mp3',
            'title': 'The Gamble: Can Genetically Modified Mosquitoes End Disease?',
            'description': 'md5:9ff8b47acbaf7f3ca8c732f5c815be2e',
-            'timestamp': 1695960700,
+            'timestamp': 1696008129,
            'upload_date': '20230929',
-            'creator': 'Stephanie Nolen, Natalija Gormalova',
+            'creators': ['Stephanie Nolen', 'Natalija Gormalova'],
            'thumbnail': r're:https?://\w+\.nyt.com/images/.*\.jpg',
            'duration': 1322,
        },
    }, {
+        # lede_media_block already has sourceId
        'url': 'https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/29/business/dealbook/kamala-harris-biden-voters.html',
        'md5': '3eb5ddb1d6f86254fe4f233826778737',
        'info_dict': {
@ -207,7 +209,7 @@ class NYTimesArticleIE(NYTimesBaseIE):
            'timestamp': 1701290997,
            'upload_date': '20231129',
            'uploader': 'By The New York Times',
-            'creator': 'Katie Rogers',
+            'creators': ['Katie Rogers'],
            'thumbnail': r're:https?://\w+\.nyt.com/images/.*\.jpg',
            'duration': 97.631,
        },
@ -222,10 +224,22 @@ class NYTimesArticleIE(NYTimesBaseIE):
            'title': 'Drunk and Asleep on the Job: Air Traffic Controllers Pushed to the Brink',
            'description': 'md5:549e5a5e935bf7d048be53ba3d2c863d',
            'upload_date': '20231202',
-            'creator': 'Emily Steel, Sydney Ember',
+            'creators': ['Emily Steel', 'Sydney Ember'],
            'timestamp': 1701511264,
        },
        'playlist_count': 3,
+    }, {
+        # lede_media_block does not have sourceId
+        'url': 'https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/30/well/move/hip-mobility-routine.html',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'hip-mobility-routine',
+            'title': 'Tight Hips? These Moves Can Help.',
+            'description': 'Sitting all day is hard on your hips. Try this simple routine for better mobility.',
+            'creators': ['Alyssa Ages', 'Theodore Tae'],
+            'timestamp': 1746003629,
+            'upload_date': '20250430',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 7,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/02/business/media/netflix-squid-game-challenge.html',
        'only_matching': True,
@ -256,14 +270,18 @@ class NYTimesArticleIE(NYTimesBaseIE):

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        page_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, page_id)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, page_id, impersonate=True)
        art_json = self._search_json(
            r'window\.__preloadedData\s*=', webpage, 'media details', page_id,
            transform_source=lambda x: x.replace('undefined', 'null'))['initialData']['data']['article']
+        content = art_json['sprinkledBody']['content']

-        blocks = traverse_obj(art_json, (
-            'sprinkledBody', 'content', ..., ('ledeMedia', None),
-            lambda _, v: v['__typename'] in ('Video', 'Audio')))
+        blocks = []
+        block_filter = lambda k, v: k == 'media' and v['__typename'] in ('Video', 'Audio')
+        if lede_media_block := traverse_obj(content, (..., 'ledeMedia', block_filter, any)):
+            lede_media_block.setdefault('sourceId', art_json.get('sourceId'))
+            blocks.append(lede_media_block)
+        blocks.extend(traverse_obj(content, (..., block_filter)))
        if not blocks:
            raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract any media blocks from webpage')

@ -273,8 +291,7 @@ class NYTimesArticleIE(NYTimesBaseIE):
                'sprinkledBody', 'content', ..., 'summary', 'content', ..., 'text', {str}),
                get_all=False) or self._html_search_meta(['og:description', 'twitter:description'], webpage),
            'timestamp': traverse_obj(art_json, ('firstPublished', {parse_iso8601})),
-            'creator': ', '.join(
-                traverse_obj(art_json, ('bylines', ..., 'creators', ..., 'displayName'))),  # TODO: change to 'creators' (list)
+            'creators': traverse_obj(art_json, ('bylines', ..., 'creators', ..., 'displayName', {str})),
            'thumbnails': self._extract_thumbnails(traverse_obj(
                art_json, ('promotionalMedia', 'assetCrops', ..., 'renditions', ...))),
        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/odnoklassniki.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/odnoklassniki.py
@ -273,6 +273,8 @@ class OdnoklassnikiIE(InfoExtractor):
            return self._extract_desktop(smuggle_url(url, {'referrer': 'https://boosty.to'}))
        elif error:
            raise ExtractorError(error, expected=True)
+        elif '>Access to this video is restricted</div>' in webpage:
+            self.raise_login_required()

        player = self._parse_json(
            unescapeHTML(self._search_regex(
@ -429,7 +431,7 @@ class OdnoklassnikiIE(InfoExtractor):
        video_id = self._match_id(url)

        webpage = self._download_webpage(
-            f'http://m.ok.ru/video/{video_id}', video_id,
+            f'https://m.ok.ru/video/{video_id}', video_id,
            note='Downloading mobile webpage')

        error = self._search_regex(
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/once.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/once.py
@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-import re
-
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-
-
-class OnceIE(InfoExtractor):  # XXX: Conventionally, base classes should end with BaseIE/InfoExtractor
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://.+?\.unicornmedia\.com/now/(?:ads/vmap/)?[^/]+/[^/]+/(?P<domain_id>[^/]+)/(?P<application_id>[^/]+)/(?:[^/]+/)?(?P<media_item_id>[^/]+)/content\.(?:once|m3u8|mp4)'
-    ADAPTIVE_URL_TEMPLATE = 'http://once.unicornmedia.com/now/master/playlist/%s/%s/%s/content.m3u8'
-    PROGRESSIVE_URL_TEMPLATE = 'http://once.unicornmedia.com/now/media/progressive/%s/%s/%s/%s/content.mp4'
-
-    def _extract_once_formats(self, url, http_formats_preference=None):
-        domain_id, application_id, media_item_id = re.match(
-            OnceIE._VALID_URL, url).groups()
-        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-            self.ADAPTIVE_URL_TEMPLATE % (
-                domain_id, application_id, media_item_id),
-            media_item_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
-        progressive_formats = []
-        for adaptive_format in formats:
-            # Prevent advertisement from embedding into m3u8 playlist (see
-            # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8893#issuecomment-199912684)
-            adaptive_format['url'] = re.sub(
-                r'\badsegmentlength=\d+', r'adsegmentlength=0', adaptive_format['url'])
-            rendition_id = self._search_regex(
-                r'/now/media/playlist/[^/]+/[^/]+/([^/]+)',
-                adaptive_format['url'], 'redition id', default=None)
-            if rendition_id:
-                progressive_format = adaptive_format.copy()
-                progressive_format.update({
-                    'url': self.PROGRESSIVE_URL_TEMPLATE % (
-                        domain_id, application_id, rendition_id, media_item_id),
-                    'format_id': adaptive_format['format_id'].replace(
-                        'hls', 'http'),
-                    'protocol': 'http',
-                    'preference': http_formats_preference,
-                })
-                progressive_formats.append(progressive_format)
-        self._check_formats(progressive_formats, media_item_id)
-        formats.extend(progressive_formats)
-        return formats
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/patreon.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/patreon.py
@ -340,8 +340,9 @@ class PatreonIE(PatreonBaseIE):
                    'channel_follower_count': ('attributes', 'patron_count', {int_or_none}),
                }))

-        # all-lowercase 'referer' so we can smuggle it to Generic, SproutVideo, Vimeo
-        headers = {'referer': 'https://patreon.com/'}
+        # Must be all-lowercase 'referer' so we can smuggle it to Generic, SproutVideo, and Vimeo.
+        # patreon.com URLs redirect to www.patreon.com; this matters when requesting mux.com m3u8s
+        headers = {'referer': 'https://www.patreon.com/'}

        # handle Vimeo embeds
        if traverse_obj(attributes, ('embed', 'provider')) == 'Vimeo':
@ -352,7 +353,7 @@ class PatreonIE(PatreonBaseIE):
                    v_url, video_id, 'Checking Vimeo embed URL', headers=headers,
                    fatal=False, errnote=False, expected_status=429):  # 429 is TLS fingerprint rejection
                entries.append(self.url_result(
-                    VimeoIE._smuggle_referrer(v_url, 'https://patreon.com/'),
+                    VimeoIE._smuggle_referrer(v_url, headers['referer']),
                    VimeoIE, url_transparent=True))

        embed_url = traverse_obj(attributes, ('embed', 'url', {url_or_none}))
@ -379,11 +380,13 @@ class PatreonIE(PatreonBaseIE):
                    'url': post_file['url'],
                })
            elif name == 'video' or determine_ext(post_file.get('url')) == 'm3u8':
-                formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(post_file['url'], video_id)
+                formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    post_file['url'], video_id, headers=headers)
                entries.append({
                    'id': video_id,
                    'formats': formats,
                    'subtitles': subtitles,
+                    'http_headers': headers,
                })

        can_view_post = traverse_obj(attributes, 'current_user_can_view')
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/picarto.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/picarto.py
@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ from ..utils import (


 class PicartoIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www.)?picarto\.tv/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
+    IE_NAME = 'picarto'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www.)?picarto\.tv/(?P<id>[^/#?]+)/?(?:$|[?#])'
    _TEST = {
        'url': 'https://picarto.tv/Setz',
        'info_dict': {
@ -89,7 +90,8 @@ class PicartoIE(InfoExtractor):


 class PicartoVodIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?picarto\.tv/(?:videopopout|\w+/videos)/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
+    IE_NAME = 'picarto:vod'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?picarto\.tv/(?:videopopout|\w+(?:/profile)?/videos)/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://picarto.tv/videopopout/ArtofZod_2017.12.12.00.13.23.flv',
        'md5': '3ab45ba4352c52ee841a28fb73f2d9ca',
@ -111,6 +113,18 @@ class PicartoVodIE(InfoExtractor):
            'channel': 'ArtofZod',
            'age_limit': 18,
        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://picarto.tv/DrechuArt/profile/videos/400347',
+        'md5': 'f9ea54868b1d9dec40eb554b484cc7bf',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '400347',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Welcome to the Show',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
+            'channel': 'DrechuArt',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+        },
+
    }, {
        'url': 'https://picarto.tv/videopopout/Plague',
        'only_matching': True,
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/playsuisse.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/playsuisse.py
@ -7,11 +7,12 @@ from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
    ExtractorError,
    int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
    parse_qs,
-    traverse_obj,
    update_url_query,
    urlencode_postdata,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj, unpack


 class PlaySuisseIE(InfoExtractor):
@ -26,12 +27,12 @@ class PlaySuisseIE(InfoExtractor):
        {
            # episode in a series
            'url': 'https://www.playsuisse.ch/watch/763182?episodeId=763211',
-            'md5': '82df2a470b2dfa60c2d33772a8a60cf8',
+            'md5': 'e20d1ede6872a03b41905ca1060a1ef2',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': '763211',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'Knochen',
-                'description': 'md5:8ea7a8076ba000cd9e8bc132fd0afdd8',
+                'description': 'md5:3bdd80e2ce20227c47aab1df2a79a519',
                'duration': 3344,
                'series': 'Wilder',
                'season': 'Season 1',
@ -42,24 +43,33 @@ class PlaySuisseIE(InfoExtractor):
            },
        }, {
            # film
-            'url': 'https://www.playsuisse.ch/watch/808675',
-            'md5': '818b94c1d2d7c4beef953f12cb8f3e75',
+            'url': 'https://www.playsuisse.ch/detail/2573198',
+            'md5': '1f115bb0a5191477b1a5771643a4283d',
            'info_dict': {
-                'id': '808675',
+                'id': '2573198',
                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'Der Läufer',
-                'description': 'md5:9f61265c7e6dcc3e046137a792b275fd',
-                'duration': 5280,
+                'title': 'Azor',
+                'description': 'md5:d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e',
+                'genres': ['Fiction'],
+                'creators': ['Andreas Fontana'],
+                'cast': ['Fabrizio Rongione', 'Stéphanie Cléau', 'Gilles Privat', 'Alexandre Trocki'],
+                'location': 'France; Argentine',
+                'release_year': 2021,
+                'duration': 5981,
                'thumbnail': 're:https://playsuisse-img.akamaized.net/',
            },
        }, {
            # series (treated as a playlist)
            'url': 'https://www.playsuisse.ch/detail/1115687',
            'info_dict': {
-                'description': 'md5:e4a2ae29a8895823045b5c3145a02aa3',
                'id': '1115687',
                'series': 'They all came out to Montreux',
                'title': 'They all came out to Montreux',
+                'description': 'md5:0fefd8c5b4468a0bb35e916887681520',
+                'genres': ['Documentary'],
+                'creators': ['Oliver Murray'],
+                'location': 'Switzerland',
+                'release_year': 2021,
            },
            'playlist': [{
                'info_dict': {
@ -120,6 +130,12 @@ class PlaySuisseIE(InfoExtractor):
            id
            name
            description
+            descriptionLong
+            year
+            contentTypes
+            directors
+            mainCast
+            productionCountries
            duration
            episodeNumber
            seasonNumber
@ -215,9 +231,7 @@ class PlaySuisseIE(InfoExtractor):
        if not self._ID_TOKEN:
            raise ExtractorError('Login failed')

-    def _get_media_data(self, media_id):
-        # NOTE In the web app, the "locale" header is used to switch between languages,
-        # However this doesn't seem to take effect when passing the header here.
+    def _get_media_data(self, media_id, locale=None):
        response = self._download_json(
            'https://www.playsuisse.ch/api/graphql',
            media_id, data=json.dumps({
@ -225,7 +239,7 @@ class PlaySuisseIE(InfoExtractor):
                'query': self._GRAPHQL_QUERY,
                'variables': {'assetId': media_id},
            }).encode(),
-            headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'locale': 'de'})
+            headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'locale': locale or 'de'})

        return response['data']['assetV2']

@ -234,7 +248,7 @@ class PlaySuisseIE(InfoExtractor):
            self.raise_login_required(method='password')

        media_id = self._match_id(url)
-        media_data = self._get_media_data(media_id)
+        media_data = self._get_media_data(media_id, traverse_obj(parse_qs(url), ('locale', 0)))
        info = self._extract_single(media_data)
        if media_data.get('episodes'):
            info.update({
@ -257,15 +271,22 @@ class PlaySuisseIE(InfoExtractor):
            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)

        return {
-            'id': media_data['id'],
-            'title': media_data.get('name'),
-            'description': media_data.get('description'),
            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
-            'duration': int_or_none(media_data.get('duration')),
            'formats': formats,
            'subtitles': subtitles,
-            'series': media_data.get('seriesName'),
-            'season_number': int_or_none(media_data.get('seasonNumber')),
-            'episode': media_data.get('name') if media_data.get('episodeNumber') else None,
-            'episode_number': int_or_none(media_data.get('episodeNumber')),
+            **traverse_obj(media_data, {
+                'id': ('id', {str}),
+                'title': ('name', {str}),
+                'description': (('descriptionLong', 'description'), {str}, any),
+                'genres': ('contentTypes', ..., {str}),
+                'creators': ('directors', ..., {str}),
+                'cast': ('mainCast', ..., {str}),
+                'location': ('productionCountries', ..., {str}, all, {unpack(join_nonempty, delim='; ')}, filter),
+                'release_year': ('year', {str}, {lambda x: x[:4]}, {int_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'series': ('seriesName', {str}),
+                'season_number': ('seasonNumber', {int_or_none}),
+                'episode': ('name', {str}, {lambda x: x if media_data['episodeNumber'] is not None else None}),
+                'episode_number': ('episodeNumber', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/podchaser.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/podchaser.py
@ -5,11 +5,13 @@ from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
    OnDemandPagedList,
    float_or_none,
+    int_or_none,
+    orderedSet,
    str_or_none,
-    str_to_int,
-    traverse_obj,
    unified_timestamp,
+    url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import require, traverse_obj


 class PodchaserIE(InfoExtractor):
@ -21,24 +23,25 @@ class PodchaserIE(InfoExtractor):
            'id': '104365585',
            'title': 'Ep. 285 – freeze me off',
            'description': 'cam ahn',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpg',
            'ext': 'mp3',
-            'categories': ['Comedy'],
+            'categories': ['Comedy', 'News', 'Politics', 'Arts'],
            'tags': ['comedy', 'dark humor'],
-            'series': 'Cum Town',
+            'series': 'The Adam Friedland Show Podcast',
            'duration': 3708,
            'timestamp': 1636531259,
            'upload_date': '20211110',
            'average_rating': 4.0,
+            'series_id': '36924',
        },
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/the-bone-zone-28853',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '28853',
            'title': 'The Bone Zone',
-            'description': 'Podcast by The Bone Zone',
+            'description': r're:The official home of the Bone Zone podcast.+',
        },
-        'playlist_count': 275,
+        'playlist_mincount': 275,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/sean-carrolls-mindscape-scienc-699349/episodes',
        'info_dict': {
@ -51,19 +54,33 @@ class PodchaserIE(InfoExtractor):

    @staticmethod
    def _parse_episode(episode, podcast):
-        return {
-            'id': str(episode.get('id')),
-            'title': episode.get('title'),
-            'description': episode.get('description'),
-            'url': episode.get('audio_url'),
-            'thumbnail': episode.get('image_url'),
-            'duration': str_to_int(episode.get('length')),
-            'timestamp': unified_timestamp(episode.get('air_date')),
-            'average_rating': float_or_none(episode.get('rating')),
-            'categories': list(set(traverse_obj(podcast, (('summary', None), 'categories', ..., 'text')))),
-            'tags': traverse_obj(podcast, ('tags', ..., 'text')),
-            'series': podcast.get('title'),
-        }
+        info = traverse_obj(episode, {
+            'id': ('id', {int}, {str_or_none}, {require('episode ID')}),
+            'title': ('title', {str}),
+            'description': ('description', {str}),
+            'url': ('audio_url', {url_or_none}),
+            'thumbnail': ('image_url', {url_or_none}),
+            'duration': ('length', {int_or_none}),
+            'timestamp': ('air_date', {unified_timestamp}),
+            'average_rating': ('rating', {float_or_none}),
+        })
+        info.update(traverse_obj(podcast, {
+            'series': ('title', {str}),
+            'series_id': ('id', {int}, {str_or_none}),
+            'categories': (('summary', None), 'categories', ..., 'text', {str}, filter, all, {orderedSet}),
+            'tags': ('tags', ..., 'text', {str}),
+        }))
+        info['vcodec'] = 'none'
+
+        if info.get('series_id'):
+            podcast_slug = traverse_obj(podcast, ('slug', {str})) or 'podcast'
+            episode_slug = traverse_obj(episode, ('slug', {str})) or 'episode'
+            info['webpage_url'] = '/'.join((
+                'https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts',
+                '-'.join((podcast_slug[:30].rstrip('-'), info['series_id'])),
+                '-'.join((episode_slug[:30].rstrip('-'), info['id']))))
+
+        return info

    def _call_api(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
        return self._download_json(f'https://api.podchaser.com/{path}', *args, **kwargs)
@ -93,5 +110,5 @@ class PodchaserIE(InfoExtractor):
                OnDemandPagedList(functools.partial(self._fetch_page, podcast_id, podcast), self._PAGE_SIZE),
                str_or_none(podcast.get('id')), podcast.get('title'), podcast.get('description'))

-        episode = self._call_api(f'episodes/{episode_id}', episode_id)
+        episode = self._call_api(f'podcasts/{podcast_id}/episodes/{episode_id}/player_ids', episode_id)
        return self._parse_episode(episode, podcast)
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/qqmusic.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/qqmusic.py
@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ from ..utils import (
    str_or_none,
    strip_jsonp,
    traverse_obj,
-    unescapeHTML,
    url_or_none,
    urljoin,
 )
@ -425,7 +424,7 @@ class QQMusicPlaylistIE(QQPlaylistBaseIE):

        return self.playlist_result(entries, list_id, **traverse_obj(list_json, ('cdlist', 0, {
            'title': ('dissname', {str}),
-            'description': ('desc', {unescapeHTML}, {clean_html}),
+            'description': ('desc', {clean_html}),
        })))


--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py
@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
            try:
                return self._extract_info_dict(info, full_title, token)
            except ExtractorError as e:
-                if not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) or not e.cause.status == 429:
+                if not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) or e.cause.status != 429:
                    raise
                self.report_warning(
                    'You have reached the API rate limit, which is ~600 requests per '
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/sprout.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/sprout.py
@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-from .adobepass import AdobePassIE
-from ..utils import (
-    int_or_none,
-    smuggle_url,
-    update_url_query,
-)
-
-
-class SproutIE(AdobePassIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:sproutonline|universalkids)\.com/(?:watch|(?:[^/]+/)*videos)/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.universalkids.com/shows/remy-and-boo/season/1/videos/robot-bike-race',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'bm0foJFaTKqb',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Robot Bike Race',
-            'description': 'md5:436b1d97117cc437f54c383f4debc66d',
-            'timestamp': 1606148940,
-            'upload_date': '20201123',
-            'uploader': 'NBCU-MPAT',
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.sproutonline.com/watch/cowboy-adventure',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.universalkids.com/watch/robot-bike-race',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-    _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['US']
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        display_id = self._match_id(url)
-        mpx_metadata = self._download_json(
-            # http://nbcuunikidsprod.apps.nbcuni.com/networks/universalkids/content/videos/
-            'https://www.universalkids.com/_api/videos/' + display_id,
-            display_id)['mpxMetadata']
-        media_pid = mpx_metadata['mediaPid']
-        theplatform_url = 'https://link.theplatform.com/s/HNK2IC/' + media_pid
-        query = {
-            'mbr': 'true',
-            'manifest': 'm3u',
-        }
-        if mpx_metadata.get('entitlement') == 'auth':
-            query['auth'] = self._extract_mvpd_auth(url, media_pid, 'sprout', 'sprout')
-        theplatform_url = smuggle_url(
-            update_url_query(theplatform_url, query), {
-                'force_smil_url': True,
-                'geo_countries': self._GEO_COUNTRIES,
-            })
-        return {
-            '_type': 'url_transparent',
-            'id': media_pid,
-            'url': theplatform_url,
-            'series': mpx_metadata.get('seriesName'),
-            'season_number': int_or_none(mpx_metadata.get('seasonNumber')),
-            'episode_number': int_or_none(mpx_metadata.get('episodeNumber')),
-            'ie_key': 'ThePlatform',
-        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/srmediathek.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/srmediathek.py
@ -1,57 +1,102 @@
 from .ard import ARDMediathekBaseIE
 from ..utils import (
    ExtractorError,
-    get_element_by_attribute,
+    clean_html,
+    extract_attributes,
+    parse_duration,
+    parse_qs,
+    unified_strdate,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import (
+    find_element,
+    require,
+    traverse_obj,
 )


 class SRMediathekIE(ARDMediathekBaseIE):
-    _WORKING = False
    IE_NAME = 'sr:mediathek'
    IE_DESC = 'Saarländischer Rundfunk'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://sr-mediathek(?:\.sr-online)?\.de/index\.php\?.*?&id=(?P<id>[0-9]+)'

+    _CLS_COMMON = 'teaser__image__caption__text teaser__image__caption__text--'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?sr-mediathek\.de/index\.php\?.*?&id=(?P<id>\d+)'
    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://sr-mediathek.sr-online.de/index.php?seite=7&id=28455',
+        'url': 'https://www.sr-mediathek.de/index.php?seite=7&id=141317',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '28455',
+            'id': '141317',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'sportarena (26.10.2014)',
-            'description': 'Ringen: KSV Köllerbach gegen Aachen-Walheim; Frauen-Fußball: 1. FC Saarbrücken gegen Sindelfingen; Motorsport: Rallye in Losheim; dazu: Interview mit Timo Bernhard; Turnen: TG Saar; Reitsport: Deutscher Voltigier-Pokal; Badminton: Interview mit Michael Fuchs ',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-        },
-        'skip': 'no longer available',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://sr-mediathek.sr-online.de/index.php?seite=7&id=37682',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '37682',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Love, Cakes and Rock\'n\'Roll',
-            'description': 'md5:18bf9763631c7d326c22603681e1123d',
-        },
-        'params': {
-            # m3u8 download
-            'skip_download': True,
+            'title': 'Kärnten, da will ich hin!',
+            'channel': 'SR Fernsehen',
+            'description': 'md5:7732e71e803379a499732864a572a456',
+            'duration': 1788.0,
+            'release_date': '20250525',
+            'series': 'da will ich hin!',
+            'series_id': 'DWIH',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpg',
        },
    }, {
-        'url': 'http://sr-mediathek.de/index.php?seite=7&id=7480',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        'url': 'https://www.sr-mediathek.de/index.php?seite=7&id=153853',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '153853',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'Kappes, Klöße, Kokosmilch: Bruschetta mit Nduja',
+            'channel': 'SR 3',
+            'description': 'md5:3935798de3562b10c4070b408a15e225',
+            'duration': 139.0,
+            'release_date': '20250523',
+            'series': 'Kappes, Klöße, Kokosmilch',
+            'series_id': 'SR3_KKK_A',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpg',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.sr-mediathek.de/index.php?seite=7&id=31406&pnr=&tbl=pf',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '31406',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'Das Leben schwer nehmen, ist einfach zu anstrengend',
+            'channel': 'SR 1',
+            'description': 'md5:3e03fd556af831ad984d0add7175fb0c',
+            'duration': 1769.0,
+            'release_date': '20230717',
+            'series': 'Abendrot',
+            'series_id': 'SR1_AB_P',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpg',
+        },
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        video_id = self._match_id(url)
        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        description = self._og_search_description(webpage)

-        if '>Der gew&uuml;nschte Beitrag ist leider nicht mehr verf&uuml;gbar.<' in webpage:
+        if description == 'Der gewünschte Beitrag ist leider nicht mehr vorhanden.':
            raise ExtractorError(f'Video {video_id} is no longer available', expected=True)

-        media_collection_url = self._search_regex(
-            r'data-mediacollection-ardplayer="([^"]+)"', webpage, 'media collection url')
-        info = self._extract_media_info(media_collection_url, webpage, video_id)
-        info.update({
+        player_url = traverse_obj(webpage, (
+            {find_element(tag='div', id=f'player{video_id}', html=True)},
+            {extract_attributes}, 'data-mediacollection-ardplayer',
+            {self._proto_relative_url}, {require('player URL')}))
+        article = traverse_obj(webpage, (
+            {find_element(cls='article__content')},
+            {find_element(tag='p')}, {clean_html}))
+
+        return {
+            **self._extract_media_info(player_url, webpage, video_id),
            'id': video_id,
-            'title': get_element_by_attribute('class', 'ardplayer-title', webpage),
-            'description': self._og_search_description(webpage),
+            'title': traverse_obj(webpage, (
+                {find_element(cls='ardplayer-title')}, {clean_html})),
+            'channel': traverse_obj(webpage, (
+                {find_element(cls=f'{self._CLS_COMMON}subheadline')},
+                {lambda x: x.split('|')[0]}, {clean_html})),
+            'description': description,
+            'duration': parse_duration(self._search_regex(
+                r'(\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2})', article, 'duration')),
+            'release_date': unified_strdate(self._search_regex(
+                r'(\d{2}\.\d{2}\.\d{4})', article, 'release_date')),
+            'series': traverse_obj(webpage, (
+                {find_element(cls=f'{self._CLS_COMMON}headline')}, {clean_html})),
+            'series_id': traverse_obj(webpage, (
+                {find_element(cls='teaser__link', html=True)},
+                {extract_attributes}, 'href', {parse_qs}, 'sen', ..., {str}, any)),
            'thumbnail': self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage),
-        })
-        return info
+        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/stacommu.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/stacommu.py
@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from .wrestleuniverse import WrestleUniverseBaseIE
 from ..utils import (
    int_or_none,
    traverse_obj,
+    url_basename,
    url_or_none,
 )

@ -65,9 +66,19 @@ class StacommuBaseIE(WrestleUniverseBaseIE):
        hls_info, decrypt = self._call_encrypted_api(
            video_id, ':watchArchive', 'stream information', data={'method': 1})

+        formats = self._get_formats(hls_info, ('hls', 'urls', ..., {url_or_none}), video_id)
+        for f in formats:
+            # bitrates are exaggerated in PPV playlists, so avoid wrong/huge filesize_approx values
+            if f.get('tbr'):
+                f['tbr'] = int(f['tbr'] / 2.5)
+            # prefer variants with the same basename as the master playlist to avoid partial streams
+            f['format_id'] = url_basename(f['url']).partition('.')[0]
+            if not f['format_id'].startswith(url_basename(f['manifest_url']).partition('.')[0]):
+                f['preference'] = -10
+
        return {
            'id': video_id,
-            'formats': self._get_formats(hls_info, ('hls', 'urls', ..., {url_or_none}), video_id),
+            'formats': formats,
            'hls_aes': self._extract_hls_key(hls_info, 'hls', decrypt),
            **traverse_obj(video_info, {
                'title': ('displayName', {str}),
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/startrek.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/startrek.py
@ -1,76 +1,76 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import int_or_none, urljoin
+from .youtube import YoutubeIE
+from ..utils import (
+    clean_html,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    update_url,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import subs_list_to_dict, traverse_obj


 class StarTrekIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _WORKING = False
-    _VALID_URL = r'(?P<base>https?://(?:intl|www)\.startrek\.com)/videos/(?P<id>[^/]+)'
+    IE_NAME = 'startrek'
+    IE_DESC = 'STAR TREK'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?startrek\.com(?:/en-(?:ca|un))?/videos/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://intl.startrek.com/videos/watch-welcoming-jess-bush-to-the-ready-room',
-        'md5': '491df5035c9d4dc7f63c79caaf9c839e',
+        'url': 'https://www.startrek.com/en-un/videos/official-trailer-star-trek-lower-decks-season-4',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'watch-welcoming-jess-bush-to-the-ready-room',
+            'id': 'official-trailer-star-trek-lower-decks-season-4',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'WATCH: Welcoming Jess Bush to The Ready Room',
-            'duration': 1888,
-            'timestamp': 1655388000,
-            'upload_date': '20220616',
-            'description': 'md5:1ffee884e3920afbdd6dd04e926a1221',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://(?:intl|www)\.startrek\.com/sites/default/files/styles/video_1920x1080/public/images/2022-06/pp_14794_rr_thumb_107_yt_16x9\.jpg(?:\?.+)?',
-            'subtitles': {'en-US': [{
-                'url': r're:https://(?:intl|www)\.startrek\.com/sites/default/files/video/captions/2022-06/TRR_SNW_107_v4\.vtt',
-            }, {
-                'url': 'https://media.startrek.com/2022/06/16/2043801155561/1069981_hls/trr_snw_107_v4-c4bfc25d/stream_vtt.m3u8',
-            }]},
+            'title': 'Official Trailer | Star Trek: Lower Decks - Season 4',
+            'alt_title': 'md5:dd7e3191aaaf9e95db16fc3abd5ef68b',
+            'categories': ['TRAILERS'],
+            'description': 'md5:563d7856ddab99bee7a5e50f45531757',
+            'release_date': '20230722',
+            'release_timestamp': 1690033200,
+            'series': 'Star Trek: Lower Decks',
+            'series_id': 'star-trek-lower-decks',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.(?:jpg|png)',
        },
    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.startrek.com/videos/watch-ethan-peck-and-gia-sandhu-beam-down-to-the-ready-room',
-        'md5': 'f5ad74fbb86e91e0882fc0a333178d1d',
+        'url': 'https://www.startrek.com/en-ca/videos/my-first-contact-senator-cory-booker',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'watch-ethan-peck-and-gia-sandhu-beam-down-to-the-ready-room',
+            'id': 'my-first-contact-senator-cory-booker',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'WATCH: Ethan Peck and Gia Sandhu Beam Down to The Ready Room',
-            'duration': 1986,
-            'timestamp': 1654221600,
-            'upload_date': '20220603',
-            'description': 'md5:b3aa0edacfe119386567362dec8ed51b',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://www\.startrek\.com/sites/default/files/styles/video_1920x1080/public/images/2022-06/pp_14792_rr_thumb_105_yt_16x9_1.jpg(?:\?.+)?',
-            'subtitles': {'en-US': [{
-                'url': r're:https://(?:intl|www)\.startrek\.com/sites/default/files/video/captions/2022-06/TRR_SNW_105_v5\.vtt',
-            }]},
+            'title': 'My First Contact: Senator Cory Booker',
+            'alt_title': 'md5:fe74a8bdb0afab421c6e159a7680db4d',
+            'categories': ['MY FIRST CONTACT'],
+            'description': 'md5:a3992ab3b3e0395925d71156bbc018ce',
+            'release_date': '20250401',
+            'release_timestamp': 1743512400,
+            'series': 'Star Trek: The Original Series',
+            'series_id': 'star-trek-the-original-series',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.(?:jpg|png)',
        },
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        urlbase, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('base', 'id')
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)

-        player = self._search_regex(
-            r'(<\s*div\s+id\s*=\s*"cvp-player-[^<]+<\s*/div\s*>)', webpage, 'player')
+        page_props = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id)['props']['pageProps']
+        video_data = page_props['video']['data']
+        if youtube_id := video_data.get('youtube_video_id'):
+            return self.url_result(youtube_id, YoutubeIE)

-        hls = self._html_search_regex(r'\bdata-hls\s*=\s*"([^"]+)"', player, 'HLS URL')
-        formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(hls, video_id, 'mp4')
-
-        captions = self._html_search_regex(
-            r'\bdata-captions-url\s*=\s*"([^"]+)"', player, 'captions URL', fatal=False)
-        if captions:
-            subtitles.setdefault('en-US', [])[:0] = [{'url': urljoin(urlbase, captions)}]
-
-        # NB: Most of the data in the json_ld is undesirable
-        json_ld = self._search_json_ld(webpage, video_id, fatal=False)
+        series_id = traverse_obj(video_data, (
+            'series_and_movies', ..., 'series_or_movie', 'slug', {str}, any))

        return {
            'id': video_id,
-            'title': self._html_search_regex(
-                r'\bdata-title\s*=\s*"([^"]+)"', player, 'title', json_ld.get('title')),
-            'description': self._html_search_regex(
-                r'(?s)<\s*div\s+class\s*=\s*"header-body"\s*>(.+?)<\s*/div\s*>',
-                webpage, 'description', fatal=False),
-            'duration': int_or_none(self._html_search_regex(
-                r'\bdata-duration\s*=\s*"(\d+)"', player, 'duration', fatal=False)),
-            'formats': formats,
-            'subtitles': subtitles,
-            'thumbnail': urljoin(urlbase, self._html_search_regex(
-                r'\bdata-poster-url\s*=\s*"([^"]+)"', player, 'thumbnail', fatal=False)),
-            'timestamp': json_ld.get('timestamp'),
+            'series': traverse_obj(page_props, (
+                'queried', 'header', 'tab3', 'slices', ..., 'items',
+                lambda _, v: v['link']['slug'] == series_id, 'link_copy', {str}, any)),
+            'series_id': series_id,
+            **traverse_obj(video_data, {
+                'title': ('title', ..., 'text', {clean_html}, any),
+                'alt_title': ('subhead', ..., 'text', {clean_html}, any),
+                'categories': ('category', 'data', 'category_name', {str.upper}, filter, all),
+                'description': ('slices', ..., 'primary', 'content', ..., 'text', {clean_html}, any),
+                'release_timestamp': ('published', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'subtitles': ({'url': 'legacy_subtitle_file'}, all, {subs_list_to_dict(lang='en')}),
+                'thumbnail': ('poster_frame', 'url', {url_or_none}, {update_url(query=None)}),
+                'url': ('legacy_video_url', {url_or_none}),
+            }),
        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/svt.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/svt.py
@ -6,10 +6,13 @@ from ..utils import (
    determine_ext,
    dict_get,
    int_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
    try_get,
    unified_timestamp,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import (
+    require,
+    traverse_obj,
+)


 class SVTBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@ -97,40 +100,8 @@ class SVTBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
        }


-class SVTIE(SVTBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?svt\.se/wd\?(?:.*?&)?widgetId=(?P<widget_id>\d+)&.*?\barticleId=(?P<id>\d+)'
-    _EMBED_REGEX = [rf'(?:<iframe src|href)="(?P<url>{_VALID_URL}[^"]*)"']
-    _TEST = {
-        'url': 'http://www.svt.se/wd?widgetId=23991&sectionId=541&articleId=2900353&type=embed&contextSectionId=123&autostart=false',
-        'md5': '33e9a5d8f646523ce0868ecfb0eed77d',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '2900353',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Stjärnorna skojar till det - under SVT-intervjun',
-            'duration': 27,
-            'age_limit': 0,
-        },
-    }
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
-        widget_id = mobj.group('widget_id')
-        article_id = mobj.group('id')
-
-        info = self._download_json(
-            f'http://www.svt.se/wd?widgetId={widget_id}&articleId={article_id}&format=json&type=embed&output=json',
-            article_id)
-
-        info_dict = self._extract_video(info['video'], article_id)
-        info_dict['title'] = info['context']['title']
-        return info_dict
-
-
-class SVTPlayBaseIE(SVTBaseIE):
-    _SVTPLAY_RE = r'root\s*\[\s*(["\'])_*svtplay\1\s*\]\s*=\s*(?P<json>{.+?})\s*;\s*\n'
-
-
-class SVTPlayIE(SVTPlayBaseIE):
+class SVTPlayIE(SVTBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'svt:play'
    IE_DESC = 'SVT Play and Öppet arkiv'
    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
                    (?:
@ -173,6 +144,7 @@ class SVTPlayIE(SVTPlayBaseIE):
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': '1. Farlig kryssning',
            'timestamp': 1491019200,
+            'description': 'md5:8f350bc605677a5ead36a19a62fd9a34',
            'upload_date': '20170401',
            'duration': 2566,
            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://(?:.*[\.-]jpg|www.svtstatic.se/image/.*)$',
@ -186,19 +158,21 @@ class SVTPlayIE(SVTPlayBaseIE):
        'params': {
            'skip_download': 'm3u8',
        },
+        'expected_warnings': [r'Failed to download (?:MPD|m3u8)'],
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.svtplay.se/video/jz2rYz7/anders-hansen-moter/james-fallon?info=visa',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'jvXAGVb',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'James Fallon',
-            'timestamp': 1673917200,
-            'upload_date': '20230117',
+            'description': r're:James Fallon är hjärnforskaren .{532} att upptäcka psykopati tidigt\?$',
+            'timestamp': 1743379200,
+            'upload_date': '20250331',
            'duration': 1081,
            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://(?:.*[\.-]jpg|www.svtstatic.se/image/.*)$',
            'age_limit': 0,
            'episode': 'James Fallon',
-            'series': 'Anders Hansen möter...',
+            'series': 'Anders Hansen möter',
        },
        'params': {
            'skip_download': 'dash',
@ -233,96 +207,75 @@ class SVTPlayIE(SVTPlayBaseIE):
        'only_matching': True,
    }]

-    def _extract_by_video_id(self, video_id, webpage=None):
+    def _extract_by_video_id(self, video_id):
        data = self._download_json(
            f'https://api.svt.se/videoplayer-api/video/{video_id}',
            video_id, headers=self.geo_verification_headers())
        info_dict = self._extract_video(data, video_id)
+
        if not info_dict.get('title'):
-            title = dict_get(info_dict, ('episode', 'series'))
-            if not title and webpage:
-                title = re.sub(
-                    r'\s*\|\s*.+?$', '', self._og_search_title(webpage))
-            if not title:
-                title = video_id
-            info_dict['title'] = title
+            info_dict['title'] = traverse_obj(info_dict, 'episode', 'series')
+
        return info_dict

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
        video_id = mobj.group('id')
        svt_id = mobj.group('svt_id') or mobj.group('modal_id')
-
        if svt_id:
            return self._extract_by_video_id(svt_id)

        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)

-        data = self._parse_json(
-            self._search_regex(
-                self._SVTPLAY_RE, webpage, 'embedded data', default='{}',
-                group='json'),
-            video_id, fatal=False)
-
-        thumbnail = self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage)
-
-        if data:
-            video_info = try_get(
-                data, lambda x: x['context']['dispatcher']['stores']['VideoTitlePageStore']['data']['video'],
-                dict)
-            if video_info:
-                info_dict = self._extract_video(video_info, video_id)
-                info_dict.update({
-                    'title': data['context']['dispatcher']['stores']['MetaStore']['title'],
-                    'thumbnail': thumbnail,
-                })
-                return info_dict
-
-            svt_id = try_get(
-                data, lambda x: x['statistics']['dataLake']['content']['id'],
-                str)
-
+        data = traverse_obj(self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id), (
+            'props', 'urqlState', ..., 'data', {json.loads},
+            'detailsPageByPath', {dict}, any, {require('video data')}))
+        details = traverse_obj(data, (
+            'modules', lambda _, v: v['details']['smartStart']['item']['videos'], 'details', any))
+        svt_id = traverse_obj(details, (
+            'smartStart', 'item', 'videos',
+            # There can be 'AudioDescribed' and 'SignInterpreted' variants; try 'Default' or else get first
+            (lambda _, v: v['accessibility'] == 'Default', 0),
+            'svtId', {str}, any))
        if not svt_id:
-            nextjs_data = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id, fatal=False)
-            svt_id = traverse_obj(nextjs_data, (
-                'props', 'urqlState', ..., 'data', {json.loads}, 'detailsPageByPath',
-                'video', 'svtId', {str}), get_all=False)
+            svt_id = traverse_obj(data, ('video', 'svtId', {str}, {require('SVT ID')}))

-        if not svt_id:
-            svt_id = self._search_regex(
-                (r'<video[^>]+data-video-id=["\']([\da-zA-Z-]+)',
-                 r'<[^>]+\bdata-rt=["\']top-area-play-button["\'][^>]+\bhref=["\'][^"\']*video/[\w-]+/[^"\']*\b(?:modalId|id)=([\w-]+)'),
-                webpage, 'video id')
+        info_dict = self._extract_by_video_id(svt_id)

-        info_dict = self._extract_by_video_id(svt_id, webpage)
-        info_dict['thumbnail'] = thumbnail
+        if not info_dict.get('title'):
+            info_dict['title'] = re.sub(r'\s*\|\s*.+?$', '', self._og_search_title(webpage))
+        if not info_dict.get('thumbnail'):
+            info_dict['thumbnail'] = self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage)
+        if not info_dict.get('description'):
+            info_dict['description'] = traverse_obj(details, ('description', {str}))

        return info_dict


-class SVTSeriesIE(SVTPlayBaseIE):
+class SVTSeriesIE(SVTBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'svt:play:series'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?svtplay\.se/(?P<id>[^/?&#]+)(?:.+?\btab=(?P<season_slug>[^&#]+))?'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://www.svtplay.se/rederiet',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '14445680',
+            'id': 'jpmQYgn',
            'title': 'Rederiet',
-            'description': 'md5:d9fdfff17f5d8f73468176ecd2836039',
+            'description': 'md5:f71122f7cf2e52b643e75915e04cb83d',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 318,
    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.svtplay.se/rederiet?tab=season-2-14445680',
+        'url': 'https://www.svtplay.se/rederiet?tab=season-2-jpmQYgn',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'season-2-14445680',
+            'id': 'season-2-jpmQYgn',
            'title': 'Rederiet - Säsong 2',
-            'description': 'md5:d9fdfff17f5d8f73468176ecd2836039',
+            'description': 'md5:f71122f7cf2e52b643e75915e04cb83d',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 12,
    }]

    @classmethod
    def suitable(cls, url):
-        return False if SVTIE.suitable(url) or SVTPlayIE.suitable(url) else super().suitable(url)
+        return False if SVTPlayIE.suitable(url) else super().suitable(url)

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        series_slug, season_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
@ -386,6 +339,7 @@ class SVTSeriesIE(SVTPlayBaseIE):


 class SVTPageIE(SVTBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'svt:page'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?svt\.se/(?:[^/?#]+/)*(?P<id>[^/?&#]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/skane/viktor-18-forlorade-armar-och-ben-i-sepsis-vill-ateruppta-karaten-och-bli-svetsare',
@ -463,7 +417,7 @@ class SVTPageIE(SVTBaseIE):

    @classmethod
    def suitable(cls, url):
-        return False if SVTIE.suitable(url) or SVTPlayIE.suitable(url) else super().suitable(url)
+        return False if SVTPlayIE.suitable(url) else super().suitable(url)

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        display_id = self._match_id(url)
@ -471,8 +425,7 @@ class SVTPageIE(SVTBaseIE):
        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
        title = self._og_search_title(webpage)

-        urql_state = self._search_json(
-            r'window\.svt\.(?:nyh\.)?urqlState\s*=', webpage, 'json data', display_id)
+        urql_state = self._search_json(r'urqlState\s*[=:]', webpage, 'json data', display_id)

        data = traverse_obj(urql_state, (..., 'data', {str}, {json.loads}), get_all=False) or {}

--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/syfy.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/syfy.py
@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-from .adobepass import AdobePassIE
-from ..utils import (
-    smuggle_url,
-    update_url_query,
-)
-
-
-class SyfyIE(AdobePassIE):
-    _WORKING = False
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?syfy\.com/(?:[^/]+/)?videos/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://www.syfy.com/theinternetruinedmylife/videos/the-internet-ruined-my-life-season-1-trailer',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '2968097',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'The Internet Ruined My Life: Season 1 Trailer',
-            'description': 'One tweet, one post, one click, can destroy everything.',
-            'uploader': 'NBCU-MPAT',
-            'upload_date': '20170113',
-            'timestamp': 1484345640,
-        },
-        'params': {
-            # m3u8 download
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-        'add_ie': ['ThePlatform'],
-        'skip': 'Redirects to main page',
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        display_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-        syfy_mpx = next(iter(self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'jQuery\.extend\(Drupal\.settings\s*,\s*({.+?})\);', webpage, 'drupal settings'),
-            display_id)['syfy']['syfy_mpx'].values()))
-        video_id = syfy_mpx['mpxGUID']
-        title = syfy_mpx['episodeTitle']
-        query = {
-            'mbr': 'true',
-            'manifest': 'm3u',
-        }
-        if syfy_mpx.get('entitlement') == 'auth':
-            resource = self._get_mvpd_resource(
-                'syfy', title, video_id,
-                syfy_mpx.get('mpxRating', 'TV-14'))
-            query['auth'] = self._extract_mvpd_auth(
-                url, video_id, 'syfy', resource)
-
-        return {
-            '_type': 'url_transparent',
-            'ie_key': 'ThePlatform',
-            'url': smuggle_url(update_url_query(
-                self._proto_relative_url(syfy_mpx['releaseURL']), query),
-                {'force_smil_url': True}),
-            'title': title,
-            'id': video_id,
-            'display_id': display_id,
-        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tbs.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tbs.py
@ -32,6 +32,10 @@ class TBSIE(TurnerBaseIE):
        'url': 'http://www.tntdrama.com/movies/star-wars-a-new-hope',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]
+    _SOFTWARE_STATEMENT_MAP = {
+        'tbs': 'eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJkZTA0NTYxZS1iMTFhLTRlYTgtYTg5NC01NjI3MGM1NmM2MWIiLCJuYmYiOjE1MzcxODkzOTAsImlzcyI6ImF1dGguYWRvYmUuY29tIiwiaWF0IjoxNTM3MTg5MzkwfQ.Z7ny66kaqNDdCHf9Y9KsV12LrBxrLkGGxlYe2XGm6qsw2T-k1OCKC1TMzeqiZP735292MMRAQkcJDKrMIzNbAuf9nCdIcv4kE1E2nqUnjPMBduC1bHffZp8zlllyrN2ElDwM8Vhwv_5nElLRwWGEt0Kaq6KJAMZA__WDxKWC18T-wVtsOZWXQpDqO7nByhfj2t-Z8c3TUNVsA_wHgNXlkzJCZ16F2b7yGLT5ZhLPupOScd3MXC5iPh19HSVIok22h8_F_noTmGzmMnIRQi6bWYWK2zC7TQ_MsYHfv7V6EaG5m1RKZTV6JAwwoJQF_9ByzarLV1DGwZxD9-eQdqswvg',
+        'tntdrama': 'eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIwOTMxYTU4OS1jZjEzLTRmNjMtYTJmYy03MzhjMjE1NWU5NjEiLCJuYmYiOjE1MzcxOTA4MjcsImlzcyI6ImF1dGguYWRvYmUuY29tIiwiaWF0IjoxNTM3MTkwODI3fQ.AucKvtws7oekTXi80_zX4-BlgJD9GLvlOI9FlBCjdlx7Pa3eJ0AqbogynKMiatMbnLOTMHGjd7tTiq422unmZjBz70dhePAe9BbW0dIo7oQ57vZ-VBYw_tWYRPmON61MwAbLVlqROD3n_zURs85S8TlkQx9aNx9x_riGGELjd8l05CVa_pOluNhYvuIFn6wmrASOKI1hNEblBDWh468UWP571-fe4zzi0rlYeeHd-cjvtWvOB3bQsWrUVbK4pRmqvzEH59j0vNF-ihJF9HncmUicYONe47Mib3elfMok23v4dB1_UAlQY_oawfNcynmEnJQCcqFmbHdEwTW6gMiYsA',
+    }

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        site, path, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
@ -48,7 +52,7 @@ class TBSIE(TurnerBaseIE):
            drupal_settings['ngtv_token_url']).query)

        info = self._extract_ngtv_info(
-            media_id, tokenizer_query, {
+            media_id, tokenizer_query, self._SOFTWARE_STATEMENT_MAP[site], {
                'url': url,
                'site_name': site[:3].upper(),
                'auth_required': video_data.get('authRequired') == '1' or is_live,
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/teamcoco.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/teamcoco.py
@ -156,6 +156,7 @@ class TeamcocoIE(TeamcocoBaseIE):


 class ConanClassicIE(TeamcocoBaseIE):
+    _WORKING = False
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www\.)?conanclassic|conan25\.teamcoco)\.com/(?P<id>([^/]+/)*[^/?#]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://conanclassic.com/video/ice-cube-kevin-hart-conan-share-lyft',
@ -263,7 +264,7 @@ class ConanClassicIE(TeamcocoBaseIE):
            info.update(self._extract_ngtv_info(media_id, {
                'accessToken': token,
                'accessTokenType': 'jws',
-            }))
+            }, None))  # TODO: the None arg needs to be the AdobePass software_statement
        else:
            formats, subtitles = self._get_formats_and_subtitles(
                traverse_obj(response, ('data', 'findRecordVideoMetadata')), video_id)
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/telecinco.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/telecinco.py
@ -63,6 +63,17 @@ class TelecincoBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
            'http_headers': headers,
        }

+    def _download_akamai_webpage(self, url, display_id):
+        try:  # yt-dlp's default user-agents are too old and blocked by akamai
+            return self._download_webpage(url, display_id, headers={
+                'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; rv:136.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/136.0',
+            })
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) or e.cause.status != 403:
+                raise
+            # Retry with impersonation if hardcoded UA is insufficient to bypass akamai
+            return self._download_webpage(url, display_id, impersonate=True)
+

 class TelecincoIE(TelecincoBaseIE):
    IE_DESC = 'telecinco.es, cuatro.com and mediaset.es'
@ -140,7 +151,7 @@ class TelecincoIE(TelecincoBaseIE):

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        display_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+        webpage = self._download_akamai_webpage(url, display_id)
        article = self._search_json(
            r'window\.\$REACTBASE_STATE\.article(?:_multisite)?\s*=',
            webpage, 'article', display_id)['article']
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tenplay.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tenplay.py
@ -6,32 +6,32 @@ from ..utils import int_or_none, traverse_obj, url_or_none, urljoin


 class TenPlayIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?10play\.com\.au/(?:[^/]+/)+(?P<id>tpv\d{6}[a-z]{5})'
+    IE_NAME = '10play'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?10play\.com\.au/(?:[^/?#]+/)+(?P<id>tpv\d{6}[a-z]{5})'
    _NETRC_MACHINE = '10play'
    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://10play.com.au/neighbours/web-extras/season-41/heres-a-first-look-at-mischa-bartons-neighbours-debut/tpv230911hyxnz',
+        # Geo-restricted to Australia
+        'url': 'https://10play.com.au/australian-survivor/web-extras/season-10-brains-v-brawn-ii/myless-journey/tpv250414jdmtf',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '6336940246112',
+            'id': '7440980000013868',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Here\'s A First Look At Mischa Barton\'s Neighbours Debut',
-            'alt_title': 'Here\'s A First Look At Mischa Barton\'s Neighbours Debut',
-            'description': 'Neighbours Premieres Monday, September 18 At 4:30pm On 10 And 10 Play And 6:30pm On 10 Peach',
-            'duration': 74,
-            'season': 'Season 41',
-            'season_number': 41,
-            'series': 'Neighbours',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://.*\.jpg',
+            'title': 'Myles\'s Journey',
+            'alt_title': 'Myles\'s Journey',
+            'description': 'Relive Myles\'s epic Brains V Brawn II journey to reach the game\'s final two',
            'uploader': 'Channel 10',
-            'age_limit': 15,
-            'timestamp': 1694386800,
-            'upload_date': '20230910',
            'uploader_id': '2199827728001',
+            'age_limit': 15,
+            'duration': 249,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'series': 'Australian Survivor',
+            'season': 'Season 10',
+            'season_number': 10,
+            'timestamp': 1744629420,
+            'upload_date': '20250414',
        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-        'skip': 'Only available in Australia',
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
    }, {
+        # Geo-restricted to Australia
        'url': 'https://10play.com.au/neighbours/episodes/season-42/episode-9107/tpv240902nzqyp',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '9000000000091177',
@ -45,17 +45,38 @@ class TenPlayIE(InfoExtractor):
            'season': 'Season 42',
            'season_number': 42,
            'series': 'Neighbours',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://.*\.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/.+\.jpg',
            'age_limit': 15,
            'timestamp': 1725517860,
            'upload_date': '20240905',
            'uploader': 'Channel 10',
            'uploader_id': '2199827728001',
        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        # Geo-restricted to Australia; upgrading the m3u8 quality fails and we need the fallback
+        'url': 'https://10play.com.au/tiny-chef-show/episodes/season-1/episode-2/tpv240228pofvt',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '9000000000084116',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'Channel 10',
+            'uploader_id': '2199827728001',
+            'duration': 1297,
+            'title': 'The Tiny Chef Show - S1 Ep. 2',
+            'alt_title': 'S1 Ep. 2 - Popcorn/banana',
+            'description': 'md5:d4758b52b5375dfaa67a78261dcb5763',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'series': 'The Tiny Chef Show',
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'episode_number': 2,
+            'timestamp': 1747957740,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'upload_date': '20250522',
+            'season': 'Season 1',
+            'episode': 'Episode 2',
        },
-        'skip': 'Only available in Australia',
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to download m3u8 information: HTTP Error 502'],
    }, {
        'url': 'https://10play.com.au/how-to-stay-married/web-extras/season-1/terrys-talks-ep-1-embracing-change/tpv190915ylupc',
        'only_matching': True,
@ -86,8 +107,11 @@ class TenPlayIE(InfoExtractor):
        if '10play-not-in-oz' in m3u8_url:
            self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=['AU'])
        # Attempt to get a higher quality stream
-        m3u8_url = m3u8_url.replace(',150,75,55,0000', ',300,150,75,55,0000')
-        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, content_id, 'mp4')
+        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+            m3u8_url.replace(',150,75,55,0000', ',300,150,75,55,0000'),
+            content_id, 'mp4', fatal=False)
+        if not formats:
+            formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, content_id, 'mp4')

        return {
            'id': content_id,
@ -112,21 +136,22 @@ class TenPlayIE(InfoExtractor):


 class TenPlaySeasonIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = '10play:season'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?10play\.com\.au/(?P<show>[^/?#]+)/episodes/(?P<season>[^/?#]+)/?(?:$|[?#])'
    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://10play.com.au/masterchef/episodes/season-14',
+        'url': 'https://10play.com.au/masterchef/episodes/season-15',
        'info_dict': {
-            'title': 'Season 14',
-            'id': 'MjMyOTIy',
+            'title': 'Season 15',
+            'id': 'MTQ2NjMxOQ==',
        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 64,
+        'playlist_mincount': 50,
    }, {
-        'url': 'https://10play.com.au/the-bold-and-the-beautiful-fast-tracked/episodes/season-2022',
+        'url': 'https://10play.com.au/the-bold-and-the-beautiful-fast-tracked/episodes/season-2024',
        'info_dict': {
-            'title': 'Season 2022',
+            'title': 'Season 2024',
            'id': 'Mjc0OTIw',
        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 256,
+        'playlist_mincount': 159,
    }]

    def _entries(self, load_more_url, display_id=None):
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/theplatform.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/theplatform.py
@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import re
 import time

 from .adobepass import AdobePassIE
-from .once import OnceIE
 from ..networking import HEADRequest, Request
 from ..utils import (
    ExtractorError,
@ -13,11 +12,13 @@ from ..utils import (
    float_or_none,
    int_or_none,
    mimetype2ext,
+    parse_age_limit,
    parse_qs,
    traverse_obj,
    unsmuggle_url,
    update_url,
    update_url_query,
+    url_or_none,
    urlhandle_detect_ext,
    xpath_with_ns,
 )
@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ default_ns = 'http://www.w3.org/2005/SMIL21/Language'
 _x = lambda p: xpath_with_ns(p, {'smil': default_ns})


-class ThePlatformBaseIE(OnceIE):
+class ThePlatformBaseIE(AdobePassIE):
    _TP_TLD = 'com'

    def _extract_theplatform_smil(self, smil_url, video_id, note='Downloading SMIL data'):
@ -54,82 +55,70 @@ class ThePlatformBaseIE(OnceIE):

        formats = []
        for _format in smil_formats:
-            if OnceIE.suitable(_format['url']):
-                formats.extend(self._extract_once_formats(_format['url']))
-            else:
-                media_url = _format['url']
-                if determine_ext(media_url) == 'm3u8':
-                    hdnea2 = self._get_cookies(media_url).get('hdnea2')
-                    if hdnea2:
-                        _format['url'] = update_url_query(media_url, {'hdnea3': hdnea2.value})
+            media_url = _format['url']
+            if determine_ext(media_url) == 'm3u8':
+                hdnea2 = self._get_cookies(media_url).get('hdnea2')
+                if hdnea2:
+                    _format['url'] = update_url_query(media_url, {'hdnea3': hdnea2.value})

-                formats.append(_format)
+            formats.append(_format)

        return formats, subtitles

-    def _download_theplatform_metadata(self, path, video_id):
-        info_url = f'http://link.theplatform.{self._TP_TLD}/s/{path}?format=preview'
-        return self._download_json(info_url, video_id)
+    def _download_theplatform_metadata(self, path, video_id, fatal=True):
+        return self._download_json(
+            f'https://link.theplatform.{self._TP_TLD}/s/{path}', video_id,
+            fatal=fatal, query={'format': 'preview'}) or {}

-    def _parse_theplatform_metadata(self, info):
-        subtitles = {}
-        captions = info.get('captions')
-        if isinstance(captions, list):
-            for caption in captions:
-                lang, src, mime = caption.get('lang', 'en'), caption.get('src'), caption.get('type')
-                subtitles.setdefault(lang, []).append({
-                    'ext': mimetype2ext(mime),
-                    'url': src,
-                })
+    @staticmethod
+    def _parse_theplatform_metadata(tp_metadata):
+        def site_specific_filter(*fields):
+            return lambda k, v: v and k.endswith(tuple(f'${f}' for f in fields))

-        duration = info.get('duration')
-        tp_chapters = info.get('chapters', [])
-        chapters = []
-        if tp_chapters:
-            def _add_chapter(start_time, end_time):
-                start_time = float_or_none(start_time, 1000)
-                end_time = float_or_none(end_time, 1000)
-                if start_time is None or end_time is None:
-                    return
-                chapters.append({
-                    'start_time': start_time,
-                    'end_time': end_time,
-                })
+        info = traverse_obj(tp_metadata, {
+            'title': ('title', {str}),
+            'episode': ('title', {str}),
+            'description': ('description', {str}),
+            'thumbnail': ('defaultThumbnailUrl', {url_or_none}),
+            'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+            'timestamp': ('pubDate', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+            'uploader': ('billingCode', {str}),
+            'creators': ('author', {str}, filter, all, filter),
+            'categories': (
+                'categories', lambda _, v: v.get('label') in ['category', None],
+                'name', {str}, filter, all, filter),
+            'tags': ('keywords', {str}, filter, {lambda x: re.split(r'[;,]\s?', x)}, filter),
+            'age_limit': ('ratings', ..., 'rating', {parse_age_limit}, any),
+            'season_number': (site_specific_filter('seasonNumber'), {int_or_none}, any),
+            'episode_number': (site_specific_filter('episodeNumber', 'airOrder'), {int_or_none}, any),
+            'series': (site_specific_filter('show', 'seriesTitle', 'seriesShortTitle'), (None, ...), {str}, any),
+            'location': (site_specific_filter('region'), {str}, any),
+            'media_type': (site_specific_filter('programmingType', 'type'), {str}, any),
+        })

-            for chapter in tp_chapters[:-1]:
-                _add_chapter(chapter.get('startTime'), chapter.get('endTime'))
-            _add_chapter(tp_chapters[-1].get('startTime'), tp_chapters[-1].get('endTime') or duration)
+        chapters = traverse_obj(tp_metadata, ('chapters', ..., {
+            'start_time': ('startTime', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+            'end_time': ('endTime', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+        }))
+        # Ignore pointless single chapters from short videos that span the entire video's duration
+        if len(chapters) > 1 or traverse_obj(chapters, (0, 'end_time')):
+            info['chapters'] = chapters

-        def extract_site_specific_field(field):
-            # A number of sites have custom-prefixed keys, e.g. 'cbc$seasonNumber'
-            return traverse_obj(info, lambda k, v: v and k.endswith(f'${field}'), get_all=False)
+        info['subtitles'] = {}
+        for caption in traverse_obj(tp_metadata, ('captions', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['src']))):
+            info['subtitles'].setdefault(caption.get('lang') or 'en', []).append({
+                'url': caption['src'],
+                'ext': mimetype2ext(caption.get('type')),
+            })

-        return {
-            'title': info['title'],
-            'subtitles': subtitles,
-            'description': info['description'],
-            'thumbnail': info['defaultThumbnailUrl'],
-            'duration': float_or_none(duration, 1000),
-            'timestamp': int_or_none(info.get('pubDate'), 1000) or None,
-            'uploader': info.get('billingCode'),
-            'chapters': chapters,
-            'creator': traverse_obj(info, ('author', {str})) or None,
-            'categories': traverse_obj(info, (
-                'categories', lambda _, v: v.get('label') in ('category', None), 'name', {str})) or None,
-            'tags': traverse_obj(info, ('keywords', {lambda x: re.split(r'[;,]\s?', x) if x else None})),
-            'location': extract_site_specific_field('region'),
-            'series': extract_site_specific_field('show') or extract_site_specific_field('seriesTitle'),
-            'season_number': int_or_none(extract_site_specific_field('seasonNumber')),
-            'episode_number': int_or_none(extract_site_specific_field('episodeNumber')),
-            'media_type': extract_site_specific_field('programmingType') or extract_site_specific_field('type'),
-        }
+        return info

    def _extract_theplatform_metadata(self, path, video_id):
        info = self._download_theplatform_metadata(path, video_id)
        return self._parse_theplatform_metadata(info)


-class ThePlatformIE(ThePlatformBaseIE, AdobePassIE):
+class ThePlatformIE(ThePlatformBaseIE):
    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
        (?:https?://(?:link|player)\.theplatform\.com/[sp]/(?P<provider_id>[^/]+)/
           (?:(?:(?:[^/]+/)+select/)?(?P<media>media/(?:guid/\d+/)?)?|(?P<config>(?:[^/\?]+/(?:swf|config)|onsite)/select/))?
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/toutiao.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/toutiao.py
@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+import json
+import urllib.parse
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    float_or_none,
+    int_or_none,
+    str_or_none,
+    try_call,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
+
+
+class ToutiaoIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'toutiao'
+    IE_DESC = '今日头条'
+
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.toutiao\.com/video/(?P<id>\d+)/?(?:[?#]|$)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.toutiao.com/video/7505382061495176511/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '7505382061495176511',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '新疆多地现不明飞行物，目击者称和月亮一样亮，几秒内突然加速消失，气象部门回应',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'duration': 9.753,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'release_date': '20250517',
+            'release_timestamp': 1747483344,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://p\d+-sign\.toutiaoimg\.com/.+$',
+            'uploader': '极目新闻',
+            'uploader_id': 'MS4wLjABAAAAeateBb9Su8I3MJOZozmvyzWktmba5LMlliRDz1KffnM',
+            'view_count': int,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.toutiao.com/video/7479446610359878153/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '7479446610359878153',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '小伙竟然利用两块磁铁制作成磁力减震器，简直太有创意了！',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'duration': 118.374,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'release_date': '20250308',
+            'release_timestamp': 1741444368,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://p\d+-sign\.toutiaoimg\.com/.+$',
+            'uploader': '小莉创意发明',
+            'uploader_id': 'MS4wLjABAAAA4f7d4mwtApALtHIiq-QM20dwXqe32NUz0DeWF7wbHKw',
+            'view_count': int,
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_initialize(self):
+        if self._get_cookies('https://www.toutiao.com').get('ttwid'):
+            return
+
+        urlh = self._request_webpage(
+            'https://ttwid.bytedance.com/ttwid/union/register/', None,
+            'Fetching ttwid', 'Unable to fetch ttwid', headers={
+                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+            }, data=json.dumps({
+                'aid': 24,
+                'needFid': False,
+                'region': 'cn',
+                'service': 'www.toutiao.com',
+                'union': True,
+            }).encode(),
+        )
+
+        if ttwid := try_call(lambda: self._get_cookies(urlh.url)['ttwid'].value):
+            self._set_cookie('.toutiao.com', 'ttwid', ttwid)
+            return
+
+        self.raise_login_required()
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        video_data = traverse_obj(webpage, (
+            {find_element(tag='script', id='RENDER_DATA')},
+            {urllib.parse.unquote}, {json.loads}, 'data', 'initialVideo',
+        ))
+
+        formats = []
+        for video in traverse_obj(video_data, (
+            'videoPlayInfo', 'video_list', lambda _, v: v['main_url'],
+        )):
+            formats.append({
+                'url': video['main_url'],
+                **traverse_obj(video, ('video_meta', {
+                    'acodec': ('audio_profile', {str}),
+                    'asr': ('audio_sample_rate', {int_or_none}),
+                    'audio_channels': ('audio_channels', {float_or_none}, {int_or_none}),
+                    'ext': ('vtype', {str}),
+                    'filesize': ('size', {int_or_none}),
+                    'format_id': ('definition', {str}),
+                    'fps': ('fps', {int_or_none}),
+                    'height': ('vheight', {int_or_none}),
+                    'tbr': ('real_bitrate', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                    'vcodec': ('codec_type', {str}),
+                    'width': ('vwidth', {int_or_none}),
+                })),
+            })
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            **traverse_obj(video_data, {
+                'comment_count': ('commentCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('videoPlayInfo', 'video_duration', {float_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('repinCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'release_timestamp': ('publishTime', {int_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': (('poster', 'coverUrl'), {url_or_none}, any),
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'uploader': ('userInfo', 'name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('userInfo', 'userId', {str_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('playCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'webpage_url': ('detailUrl', {url_or_none}),
+            }),
+        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/trutv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/trutv.py
@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ class TruTVIE(TurnerBaseIE):
            'skip_download': True,
        },
    }
+    _SOFTWARE_STATEMENT = 'eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJhYzQyOTkwMi0xMDYzLTQyNTQtYWJlYS1iZTY2ODM4MTVmZGIiLCJuYmYiOjE1MzcxOTA4NjgsImlzcyI6ImF1dGguYWRvYmUuY29tIiwiaWF0IjoxNTM3MTkwODY4fQ.ewXl5LDMDvvx3nDXV4jCdSwUq_sOluKoOVsIjznAo6Zo4zrGe9rjlZ9DOmQKW66g6VRMexJsJ5vM1EkY8TC5-YcQw_BclK1FPGO1rH3Wf7tX_l0b1BVbSJQKIj9UgqDp_QbGcBXz24kN4So3U22mhs6di9PYyyfG68ccKL2iRprcVKWCslIHwUF-T7FaEqb0K57auilxeW1PONG2m-lIAcZ62DUwqXDWvw0CRoWI08aVVqkkhnXaSsQfLs5Ph1Pfh9Oq3g_epUm9Ss45mq6XM7gbOb5omTcKLADRKK-PJVB_JXnZnlsXbG0ttKE1cTKJ738qu7j4aipYTf-W0nKF5Q'

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        series_slug, clip_slug, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ class TruTVIE(TurnerBaseIE):
        title = video_data['title'].strip()

        info = self._extract_ngtv_info(
-            media_id, {}, {
+            media_id, {}, self._SOFTWARE_STATEMENT, {
                'url': url,
                'site_name': 'truTV',
                'auth_required': video_data.get('isAuthRequired'),
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/turner.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/turner.py
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class TurnerBaseIE(AdobePassIE):
    def _extract_timestamp(self, video_data):
        return int_or_none(xpath_attr(video_data, 'dateCreated', 'uts'))

-    def _add_akamai_spe_token(self, tokenizer_src, video_url, content_id, ap_data, custom_tokenizer_query=None):
+    def _add_akamai_spe_token(self, tokenizer_src, video_url, content_id, ap_data, software_statement, custom_tokenizer_query=None):
        secure_path = self._search_regex(r'https?://[^/]+(.+/)', video_url, 'secure path') + '*'
        token = self._AKAMAI_SPE_TOKEN_CACHE.get(secure_path)
        if not token:
@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ class TurnerBaseIE(AdobePassIE):
            else:
                query['videoId'] = content_id
            if ap_data.get('auth_required'):
-                query['accessToken'] = self._extract_mvpd_auth(ap_data['url'], content_id, ap_data['site_name'], ap_data['site_name'])
+                query['accessToken'] = self._extract_mvpd_auth(
+                    ap_data['url'], content_id, ap_data['site_name'], ap_data['site_name'], software_statement)
            auth = self._download_xml(
                tokenizer_src, content_id, query=query)
            error_msg = xpath_text(auth, 'error/msg')
@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ class TurnerBaseIE(AdobePassIE):
            self._AKAMAI_SPE_TOKEN_CACHE[secure_path] = token
        return video_url + '?hdnea=' + token

-    def _extract_cvp_info(self, data_src, video_id, path_data={}, ap_data={}, fatal=False):
+    def _extract_cvp_info(self, data_src, video_id, software_statement, path_data={}, ap_data={}, fatal=False):
        video_data = self._download_xml(
            data_src, video_id,
            transform_source=lambda s: fix_xml_ampersands(s).strip(),
@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ class TurnerBaseIE(AdobePassIE):
                video_url = self._add_akamai_spe_token(
                    secure_path_data['tokenizer_src'],
                    secure_path_data['media_src'] + video_url,
-                    content_id, ap_data)
+                    content_id, ap_data, software_statement)
            elif not re.match('https?://', video_url):
                base_path_data = path_data.get(ext, path_data.get('default', {}))
                media_src = base_path_data.get('media_src')
@ -215,10 +216,12 @@ class TurnerBaseIE(AdobePassIE):
            'is_live': is_live,
        }

-    def _extract_ngtv_info(self, media_id, tokenizer_query, ap_data=None):
+    def _extract_ngtv_info(self, media_id, tokenizer_query, software_statement, ap_data=None):
+        if not isinstance(ap_data, dict):
+            ap_data = {}
        is_live = ap_data.get('is_live')
        streams_data = self._download_json(
-            f'http://medium.ngtv.io/media/{media_id}/tv',
+            f'https://medium.ngtv.io/media/{media_id}/tv',
            media_id)['media']['tv']
        duration = None
        chapters = []
@ -230,8 +233,8 @@ class TurnerBaseIE(AdobePassIE):
                continue
            if stream_data.get('playlistProtection') == 'spe':
                m3u8_url = self._add_akamai_spe_token(
-                    'http://token.ngtv.io/token/token_spe',
-                    m3u8_url, media_id, ap_data or {}, tokenizer_query)
+                    'https://token.ngtv.io/token/token_spe',
+                    m3u8_url, media_id, ap_data, software_statement, tokenizer_query)
            formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
                m3u8_url, media_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', live=is_live, fatal=False))

--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitcasting.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitcasting.py
@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import base64
+import hashlib
 import itertools
 import re

@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ from ..utils import (
    str_to_int,
    try_get,
    unified_timestamp,
+    update_url_query,
    url_or_none,
    urlencode_postdata,
    urljoin,
@ -171,6 +173,10 @@ class TwitCastingIE(InfoExtractor):
                    'player': 'pc_web',
                })

+            password_params = {
+                'word': hashlib.md5(video_password.encode()).hexdigest(),
+            } if video_password else None
+
            formats = []
            # low: 640x360, medium: 1280x720, high: 1920x1080
            qq = qualities(['low', 'medium', 'high'])
@ -178,7 +184,7 @@ class TwitCastingIE(InfoExtractor):
                'tc-hls', 'streams', {dict.items}, lambda _, v: url_or_none(v[1]),
            )):
                formats.append({
-                    'url': m3u8_url,
+                    'url': update_url_query(m3u8_url, password_params),
                    'format_id': f'hls-{quality}',
                    'ext': 'mp4',
                    'quality': qq(quality),
@ -192,7 +198,7 @@ class TwitCastingIE(InfoExtractor):
                    'llfmp4', 'streams', {dict.items}, lambda _, v: url_or_none(v[1]),
                )):
                    formats.append({
-                        'url': ws_url,
+                        'url': update_url_query(ws_url, password_params),
                        'format_id': f'ws-{mode}',
                        'ext': 'mp4',
                        'quality': qq(mode),
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitch.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitch.py
@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ class TwitchBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
            'url': thumbnail,
        }] if thumbnail else None

-    def _extract_twitch_m3u8_formats(self, path, video_id, token, signature):
+    def _extract_twitch_m3u8_formats(self, path, video_id, token, signature, live_from_start=False):
        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
            f'{self._USHER_BASE}/{path}/{video_id}.m3u8', video_id, 'mp4', query={
                'allow_source': 'true',
@ -204,7 +204,10 @@ class TwitchBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
        for fmt in formats:
            if fmt.get('vcodec') and fmt['vcodec'].startswith('av01'):
                # mpegts does not yet have proper support for av1
-                fmt['downloader_options'] = {'ffmpeg_args_out': ['-f', 'mp4']}
+                fmt.setdefault('downloader_options', {}).update({'ffmpeg_args_out': ['-f', 'mp4']})
+            if live_from_start:
+                fmt.setdefault('downloader_options', {}).update({'ffmpeg_args': ['-live_start_index', '0']})
+                fmt['is_from_start'] = True

        return formats

@ -550,7 +553,8 @@ class TwitchVodIE(TwitchBaseIE):
        access_token = self._download_access_token(vod_id, 'video', 'id')

        formats = self._extract_twitch_m3u8_formats(
-            'vod', vod_id, access_token['value'], access_token['signature'])
+            'vod', vod_id, access_token['value'], access_token['signature'],
+            live_from_start=self.get_param('live_from_start'))
        formats.extend(self._extract_storyboard(vod_id, video.get('storyboard'), info.get('duration')))

        self._prefer_source(formats)
@ -633,6 +637,10 @@ class TwitchPlaylistBaseIE(TwitchBaseIE):
    _PAGE_LIMIT = 100

    def _entries(self, channel_name, *args):
+        """
+        Subclasses must define _make_variables() and _extract_entry(),
+        as well as set _OPERATION_NAME, _ENTRY_KIND, _EDGE_KIND, and _NODE_KIND
+        """
        cursor = None
        variables_common = self._make_variables(channel_name, *args)
        entries_key = f'{self._ENTRY_KIND}s'
@ -672,7 +680,22 @@ class TwitchPlaylistBaseIE(TwitchBaseIE):
                break


-class TwitchVideosIE(TwitchPlaylistBaseIE):
+class TwitchVideosBaseIE(TwitchPlaylistBaseIE):
+    _OPERATION_NAME = 'FilterableVideoTower_Videos'
+    _ENTRY_KIND = 'video'
+    _EDGE_KIND = 'VideoEdge'
+    _NODE_KIND = 'Video'
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _make_variables(channel_name, broadcast_type, sort):
+        return {
+            'channelOwnerLogin': channel_name,
+            'broadcastType': broadcast_type,
+            'videoSort': sort.upper(),
+        }
+
+
+class TwitchVideosIE(TwitchVideosBaseIE):
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www|go|m)\.)?twitch\.tv/(?P<id>[^/]+)/(?:videos|profile)'

    _TESTS = [{
@ -751,11 +774,6 @@ class TwitchVideosIE(TwitchPlaylistBaseIE):
        'views': 'Popular',
    }

-    _OPERATION_NAME = 'FilterableVideoTower_Videos'
-    _ENTRY_KIND = 'video'
-    _EDGE_KIND = 'VideoEdge'
-    _NODE_KIND = 'Video'
-
    @classmethod
    def suitable(cls, url):
        return (False
@ -764,14 +782,6 @@ class TwitchVideosIE(TwitchPlaylistBaseIE):
                    TwitchVideosCollectionsIE))
                else super().suitable(url))

-    @staticmethod
-    def _make_variables(channel_name, broadcast_type, sort):
-        return {
-            'channelOwnerLogin': channel_name,
-            'broadcastType': broadcast_type,
-            'videoSort': sort.upper(),
-        }
-
    @staticmethod
    def _extract_entry(node):
        return _make_video_result(node)
@ -919,7 +929,7 @@ class TwitchVideosCollectionsIE(TwitchPlaylistBaseIE):
            playlist_title=f'{channel_name} - Collections')


-class TwitchStreamIE(TwitchBaseIE):
+class TwitchStreamIE(TwitchVideosBaseIE):
    IE_NAME = 'twitch:stream'
    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
                    https?://
@ -982,6 +992,7 @@ class TwitchStreamIE(TwitchBaseIE):
            'skip_download': 'Livestream',
        },
    }]
+    _PAGE_LIMIT = 1

    @classmethod
    def suitable(cls, url):
@ -995,6 +1006,20 @@ class TwitchStreamIE(TwitchBaseIE):
                    TwitchClipsIE))
                else super().suitable(url))

+    @staticmethod
+    def _extract_entry(node):
+        if not isinstance(node, dict) or not node.get('id'):
+            return None
+        video_id = node['id']
+        return {
+            '_type': 'url',
+            'ie_key': TwitchVodIE.ie_key(),
+            'id': 'v' + video_id,
+            'url': f'https://www.twitch.tv/videos/{video_id}',
+            'title': node.get('title'),
+            'timestamp': unified_timestamp(node.get('publishedAt')) or 0,
+        }
+
    def _real_extract(self, url):
        channel_name = self._match_id(url).lower()

@ -1029,6 +1054,16 @@ class TwitchStreamIE(TwitchBaseIE):
        if not stream:
            raise UserNotLive(video_id=channel_name)

+        timestamp = unified_timestamp(stream.get('createdAt'))
+
+        if self.get_param('live_from_start'):
+            self.to_screen(f'{channel_name}: Extracting VOD to download live from start')
+            entry = next(self._entries(channel_name, None, 'time'), None)
+            if entry and entry.pop('timestamp') >= (timestamp or float('inf')):
+                return entry
+            self.report_warning(
+                'Unable to extract the VOD associated with this livestream', video_id=channel_name)
+
        access_token = self._download_access_token(
            channel_name, 'stream', 'channelName')

@ -1038,7 +1073,6 @@ class TwitchStreamIE(TwitchBaseIE):
        self._prefer_source(formats)

        view_count = stream.get('viewers')
-        timestamp = unified_timestamp(stream.get('createdAt'))

        sq_user = try_get(gql, lambda x: x[1]['data']['user'], dict) or {}
        uploader = sq_user.get('displayName')
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py
@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ from ..utils import (
    remove_end,
    str_or_none,
    strip_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
    truncate_string,
    try_call,
    try_get,
@ -29,6 +28,7 @@ from ..utils import (
    url_or_none,
    xpath_text,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import require, traverse_obj


 class TwitterBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@ -1342,7 +1342,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
                    'tweet_mode': 'extended',
                })
        except ExtractorError as e:
-            if not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) or not e.cause.status == 429:
+            if not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) or e.cause.status != 429:
                raise
            self.report_warning('Rate-limit exceeded; falling back to syndication endpoint')
            status = self._call_syndication_api(twid)
@ -1596,8 +1596,8 @@ class TwitterAmplifyIE(TwitterBaseIE):

 class TwitterBroadcastIE(TwitterBaseIE, PeriscopeBaseIE):
    IE_NAME = 'twitter:broadcast'
-    _VALID_URL = TwitterBaseIE._BASE_REGEX + r'i/broadcasts/(?P<id>[0-9a-zA-Z]{13})'

+    _VALID_URL = TwitterBaseIE._BASE_REGEX + r'i/(?P<type>broadcasts|events)/(?P<id>\w+)'
    _TESTS = [{
        # untitled Periscope video
        'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/broadcasts/1yNGaQLWpejGj',
@ -1605,6 +1605,7 @@ class TwitterBroadcastIE(TwitterBaseIE, PeriscopeBaseIE):
            'id': '1yNGaQLWpejGj',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'Andrea May Sahouri - Periscope Broadcast',
+            'display_id': '1yNGaQLWpejGj',
            'uploader': 'Andrea May Sahouri',
            'uploader_id': 'andreamsahouri',
            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/andreamsahouri',
@ -1612,6 +1613,8 @@ class TwitterBroadcastIE(TwitterBaseIE, PeriscopeBaseIE):
            'upload_date': '20200601',
            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://[^?#]+\.jpg\?token=',
            'view_count': int,
+            'concurrent_view_count': int,
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
        },
    }, {
        'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/broadcasts/1ZkKzeyrPbaxv',
@ -1619,6 +1622,7 @@ class TwitterBroadcastIE(TwitterBaseIE, PeriscopeBaseIE):
            'id': '1ZkKzeyrPbaxv',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'Starship | SN10 | High-Altitude Flight Test',
+            'display_id': '1ZkKzeyrPbaxv',
            'uploader': 'SpaceX',
            'uploader_id': 'SpaceX',
            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/SpaceX',
@ -1626,6 +1630,8 @@ class TwitterBroadcastIE(TwitterBaseIE, PeriscopeBaseIE):
            'upload_date': '20210303',
            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://[^?#]+\.jpg\?token=',
            'view_count': int,
+            'concurrent_view_count': int,
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
        },
    }, {
        'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/broadcasts/1OyKAVQrgzwGb',
@ -1633,6 +1639,7 @@ class TwitterBroadcastIE(TwitterBaseIE, PeriscopeBaseIE):
            'id': '1OyKAVQrgzwGb',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'Starship Flight Test',
+            'display_id': '1OyKAVQrgzwGb',
            'uploader': 'SpaceX',
            'uploader_id': 'SpaceX',
            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/SpaceX',
@ -1640,21 +1647,58 @@ class TwitterBroadcastIE(TwitterBaseIE, PeriscopeBaseIE):
            'upload_date': '20230420',
            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://[^?#]+\.jpg\?token=',
            'view_count': int,
+            'concurrent_view_count': int,
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://x.com/i/events/1910629646300762112',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1LyxBWDRNqyKN',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '#ガンニバル ウォッチパーティー',
+            'concurrent_view_count': int,
+            'display_id': '1910629646300762112',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+            'release_date': '20250423',
+            'release_timestamp': 1745409000,
+            'tags': ['ガンニバル'],
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://[^?#]+\.jpg\?token=',
+            'timestamp': 1745403328,
+            'upload_date': '20250423',
+            'uploader': 'ディズニープラス公式',
+            'uploader_id': 'DisneyPlusJP',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/DisneyPlusJP',
+            'view_count': int,
        },
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        broadcast_id = self._match_id(url)
+        broadcast_type, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('type', 'id')
+
+        if broadcast_type == 'events':
+            timeline = self._call_api(
+                f'live_event/1/{display_id}/timeline.json', display_id)
+            broadcast_id = traverse_obj(timeline, (
+                'twitter_objects', 'broadcasts', ..., ('id', 'broadcast_id'),
+                {str}, any, {require('broadcast ID')}))
+        else:
+            broadcast_id = display_id
+
        broadcast = self._call_api(
            'broadcasts/show.json', broadcast_id,
            {'ids': broadcast_id})['broadcasts'][broadcast_id]
        if not broadcast:
            raise ExtractorError('Broadcast no longer exists', expected=True)
        info = self._parse_broadcast_data(broadcast, broadcast_id)
-        info['title'] = broadcast.get('status') or info.get('title')
-        info['uploader_id'] = broadcast.get('twitter_username') or info.get('uploader_id')
-        info['uploader_url'] = format_field(broadcast, 'twitter_username', 'https://twitter.com/%s', default=None)
+        info.update({
+            'display_id': display_id,
+            'title': broadcast.get('status') or info.get('title'),
+            'uploader_id': broadcast.get('twitter_username') or info.get('uploader_id'),
+            'uploader_url': format_field(
+                broadcast, 'twitter_username', 'https://twitter.com/%s', default=None),
+        })
        if info['live_status'] == 'is_upcoming':
+            self.raise_no_formats('This live broadcast has not yet started', expected=True)
            return info

        media_key = broadcast['media_key']
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/umg.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/umg.py
@ -1,98 +1,53 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    int_or_none,
-    parse_filesize,
-    parse_iso8601,
-)
+from ..utils import clean_html
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj


 class UMGDeIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _WORKING = False
    IE_NAME = 'umg:de'
    IE_DESC = 'Universal Music Deutschland'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?universal-music\.de/[^/]+/videos/[^/?#]+-(?P<id>\d+)'
-    _TEST = {
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?universal-music\.de/[^/?#]+/videos/(?P<slug>[^/?#]+-(?P<id>\d+))'
+    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://www.universal-music.de/sido/videos/jedes-wort-ist-gold-wert-457803',
-        'md5': 'ebd90f48c80dcc82f77251eb1902634f',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '457803',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'Jedes Wort ist Gold wert',
+            'artists': ['Sido'],
+            'description': 'md5:df2dbffcff1a74e0a7c9bef4b497aeec',
+            'display_id': 'jedes-wort-ist-gold-wert-457803',
+            'duration': 210.0,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://images\.universal-music\.de/img/assets/.+\.jpg',
            'timestamp': 1513591800,
            'upload_date': '20171218',
+            'view_count': int,
        },
-    }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.universal-music.de/alexander-eder/videos/der-doktor-hat-gesagt-609533',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '609533',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Der Doktor hat gesagt',
+            'artists': ['Alexander Eder'],
+            'display_id': 'der-doktor-hat-gesagt-609533',
+            'duration': 146.0,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://images\.universal-music\.de/img/assets/.+\.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1742982100,
+            'upload_date': '20250326',
+        },
+    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        video_data = self._download_json(
-            'https://graphql.universal-music.de/',
-            video_id, query={
-                'query': '''{
-  universalMusic(channel:16) {
-    video(id:%s) {
-      headline
-      formats {
-        formatId
-        url
-        type
-        width
-        height
-        mimeType
-        fileSize
-      }
-      duration
-      createdDate
-    }
-  }
-}''' % video_id})['data']['universalMusic']['video']  # noqa: UP031
-
-        title = video_data['headline']
-        hls_url_template = 'http://mediadelivery.universal-music-services.de/vod/mp4:autofill/storage/' + '/'.join(list(video_id)) + '/content/%s/file/playlist.m3u8'
-
-        thumbnails = []
-        formats = []
-
-        def add_m3u8_format(format_id):
-            formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                hls_url_template % format_id, video_id, 'mp4',
-                'm3u8_native', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
-
-        for f in video_data.get('formats', []):
-            f_url = f.get('url')
-            mime_type = f.get('mimeType')
-            if not f_url or mime_type == 'application/mxf':
-                continue
-            fmt = {
-                'url': f_url,
-                'width': int_or_none(f.get('width')),
-                'height': int_or_none(f.get('height')),
-                'filesize': parse_filesize(f.get('fileSize')),
-            }
-            f_type = f.get('type')
-            if f_type == 'Image':
-                thumbnails.append(fmt)
-            elif f_type == 'Video':
-                format_id = f.get('formatId')
-                if format_id:
-                    fmt['format_id'] = format_id
-                    if mime_type == 'video/mp4':
-                        add_m3u8_format(format_id)
-                urlh = self._request_webpage(f_url, video_id, fatal=False)
-                if urlh:
-                    first_byte = urlh.read(1)
-                    if first_byte not in (b'F', b'\x00'):
-                        continue
-                    formats.append(fmt)
-        if not formats:
-            for format_id in (867, 836, 940):
-                add_m3u8_format(format_id)
+        display_id, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('slug', 'id')
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)

        return {
+            **self._search_json_ld(webpage, display_id),
            'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'duration': int_or_none(video_data.get('duration')),
-            'timestamp': parse_iso8601(video_data.get('createdDate'), ' '),
-            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
-            'formats': formats,
+            'artists': traverse_obj(self._html_search_meta('umg-artist-screenname', webpage), (filter, all)),
+            # The JSON LD description duplicates the title
+            'description': traverse_obj(webpage, ({find_element(cls='_3Y0Lj')}, {clean_html})),
+            'display_id': display_id,
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                'https://hls.universal-music.de/get', display_id, 'mp4', query={'id': video_id}),
        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vice.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vice.py
@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ class ViceBaseIE(InfoExtractor):


 class ViceIE(ViceBaseIE, AdobePassIE):
+    _WORKING = False
    IE_NAME = 'vice'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:video|vms)\.vice|(?:www\.)?vice(?:land|tv))\.com/(?P<locale>[^/]+)/(?:video/[^/]+|embed)/(?P<id>[\da-f]{24})'
    _EMBED_REGEX = [r'<iframe\b[^>]+\bsrc=["\'](?P<url>(?:https?:)?//video\.vice\.com/[^/]+/embed/[\da-f]{24})']
@ -99,6 +100,7 @@ class ViceIE(ViceBaseIE, AdobePassIE):
        'url': 'https://www.viceland.com/en_us/video/thursday-march-1-2018/5a8f2d7ff1cdb332dd446ec1',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]
+    _SOFTWARE_STATEMENT = 'eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIwMTVjODBlZC04ZDcxLTQ4ZGEtOTZkZi00NzU5NjIwNzJlYTQiLCJuYmYiOjE2NjgwMTM0ODQsImlzcyI6ImF1dGguYWRvYmUuY29tIiwiaWF0IjoxNjY4MDEzNDg0fQ.CjhUnTrlh-bmYnEFHyC2Y4it5Y_Zfza1x66O4-ki5gBR7JT6aUunYI_YflXomQPACriMpObkITFz4grVaDwdd8Xp9hrQ2R0SwRBdaklkdy1_j68RqSP5PnexJIa0q_ThtOwfRBd5uGcb33nMJ9Qs92W4kVXuca0Ta-i7SJyWgXUaPDlRDdgyCL3hKj5wuM7qUIwrd9A5CMm-j3dMIBCDgw7X6TwRK65eUQe6gTWqcvL2yONHHTpmIfeOTUxGwwKFr29COOTBowm0VJ6HE08xjXCShP08Neusu-JsgkjzhkEbiDE2531EKgfAki_7WCd2JUZVsAsCusv4a1maokk6NA'

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        locale, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
@ -116,7 +118,7 @@ class ViceIE(ViceBaseIE, AdobePassIE):
            resource = self._get_mvpd_resource(
                'VICELAND', title, video_id, rating)
            query['tvetoken'] = self._extract_mvpd_auth(
-                url, video_id, 'VICELAND', resource)
+                url, video_id, 'VICELAND', resource, self._SOFTWARE_STATEMENT)

        # signature generation algorithm is reverse engineered from signatureGenerator in
        # webpack:///../shared/~/vice-player/dist/js/vice-player.js in
@ -181,6 +183,7 @@ class ViceIE(ViceBaseIE, AdobePassIE):


 class ViceShowIE(ViceBaseIE):
+    _WORKING = False
    IE_NAME = 'vice:show'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:video\.vice|(?:www\.)?vice(?:land|tv))\.com/(?P<locale>[^/]+)/show/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
    _PAGE_SIZE = 25
@ -221,6 +224,7 @@ class ViceShowIE(ViceBaseIE):


 class ViceArticleIE(ViceBaseIE):
+    _WORKING = False
    IE_NAME = 'vice:article'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?vice\.com/(?P<locale>[^/]+)/article/(?:[0-9a-z]{6}/)?(?P<id>[^?#]+)'

--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vimeo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vimeo.py
@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import functools
 import itertools
 import json
 import re
+import time
 import urllib.parse

 from .common import InfoExtractor
@ -13,10 +14,12 @@ from ..utils import (
    OnDemandPagedList,
    clean_html,
    determine_ext,
+    filter_dict,
    get_element_by_class,
    int_or_none,
    join_nonempty,
    js_to_json,
+    jwt_decode_hs256,
    merge_dicts,
    parse_filesize,
    parse_iso8601,
@ -39,6 +42,9 @@ class VimeoBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'vimeo'
    _LOGIN_REQUIRED = False
    _LOGIN_URL = 'https://vimeo.com/log_in'
+    _REFERER_HINT = (
+        'Cannot download embed-only video without embedding URL. Please call yt-dlp '
+        'with the URL of the page that embeds this video.')
    _IOS_CLIENT_AUTH = 'MTMxNzViY2Y0NDE0YTQ5YzhjZTc0YmU0NjVjNDQxYzNkYWVjOWRlOTpHKzRvMmgzVUh4UkxjdU5FRW80cDNDbDhDWGR5dVJLNUJZZ055dHBHTTB4V1VzaG41bEx1a2hiN0NWYWNUcldSSW53dzRUdFRYZlJEZmFoTTArOTBUZkJHS3R4V2llYU04Qnl1bERSWWxUdXRidjNqR2J4SHFpVmtFSUcyRktuQw=='
    _IOS_CLIENT_HEADERS = {
        'Accept': 'application/vnd.vimeo.*+json; version=3.4.10',
@ -47,6 +53,7 @@ class VimeoBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
    }
    _IOS_OAUTH_CACHE_KEY = 'oauth-token-ios'
    _ios_oauth_token = None
+    _viewer_info = None

    @staticmethod
    def _smuggle_referrer(url, referrer_url):
@ -60,8 +67,21 @@ class VimeoBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
            headers['Referer'] = data['referer']
        return url, data, headers

+    def _jwt_is_expired(self, token):
+        return jwt_decode_hs256(token)['exp'] - time.time() < 120
+
+    def _fetch_viewer_info(self, display_id=None, fatal=True):
+        if self._viewer_info and not self._jwt_is_expired(self._viewer_info['jwt']):
+            return self._viewer_info
+
+        self._viewer_info = self._download_json(
+            'https://vimeo.com/_next/viewer', display_id, 'Downloading web token info',
+            'Failed to download web token info', fatal=fatal, headers={'Accept': 'application/json'})
+
+        return self._viewer_info
+
    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
-        viewer = self._download_json('https://vimeo.com/_next/viewer', None, 'Downloading login token')
+        viewer = self._fetch_viewer_info()
        data = {
            'action': 'login',
            'email': username,
@ -96,11 +116,10 @@ class VimeoBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
                expected=True)
        return password

-    def _verify_video_password(self, video_id):
+    def _verify_video_password(self, video_id, path=None):
        video_password = self._get_video_password()
-        token = self._download_json(
-            'https://vimeo.com/_next/viewer', video_id, 'Downloading viewer info')['xsrft']
-        url = f'https://vimeo.com/{video_id}'
+        token = self._fetch_viewer_info(video_id)['xsrft']
+        url = join_nonempty('https://vimeo.com', path, video_id, delim='/')
        try:
            self._request_webpage(
                f'{url}/password', video_id,
@ -117,6 +136,10 @@ class VimeoBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
                raise ExtractorError('Wrong password', expected=True)
            raise

+    def _extract_config_url(self, webpage, **kwargs):
+        return self._html_search_regex(
+            r'\bdata-config-url="([^"]+)"', webpage, 'config URL', **kwargs)
+
    def _extract_vimeo_config(self, webpage, video_id, *args, **kwargs):
        vimeo_config = self._search_regex(
            r'vimeo\.config\s*=\s*(?:({.+?})|_extend\([^,]+,\s+({.+?})\));',
@ -164,6 +187,7 @@ class VimeoBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
        sep_pattern = r'/sep/video/'
        for files_type in ('hls', 'dash'):
            for cdn_name, cdn_data in (try_get(config_files, lambda x: x[files_type]['cdns']) or {}).items():
+                # TODO: Also extract 'avc_url'? Investigate if there are 'hevc_url', 'av1_url'?
                manifest_url = cdn_data.get('url')
                if not manifest_url:
                    continue
@ -212,7 +236,7 @@ class VimeoBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
        for tt in (request.get('text_tracks') or []):
            subtitles.setdefault(tt['lang'], []).append({
                'ext': 'vtt',
-                'url': urljoin('https://vimeo.com', tt['url']),
+                'url': urljoin('https://player.vimeo.com/', tt['url']),
            })

        thumbnails = []
@ -244,7 +268,10 @@ class VimeoBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
            'formats': formats,
            'subtitles': subtitles,
            'live_status': live_status,
-            'release_timestamp': traverse_obj(live_event, ('ingest', 'scheduled_start_time', {parse_iso8601})),
+            'release_timestamp': traverse_obj(live_event, ('ingest', (
+                ('scheduled_start_time', {parse_iso8601}),
+                ('start_time', {int_or_none}),
+            ), any)),
            # Note: Bitrates are completely broken. Single m3u8 may contain entries in kbps and bps
            # at the same time without actual units specified.
            '_format_sort_fields': ('quality', 'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'source'),
@ -353,7 +380,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                         (?:
                             (?P<u>user)|
                             (?!(?:channels|album|showcase)/[^/?#]+/?(?:$|[?#])|[^/]+/review/|ondemand/)
-                             (?:.*?/)??
+                             (?:(?!event/).*?/)??
                             (?P<q>
                                 (?:
                                     play_redirect_hls|
@ -933,8 +960,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
            r'vimeo\.com/(?:album|showcase)/([^/]+)', url, 'album id', default=None)
        if not album_id:
            return
-        viewer = self._download_json(
-            'https://vimeo.com/_rv/viewer', album_id, fatal=False)
+        viewer = self._fetch_viewer_info(album_id, fatal=False)
        if not viewer:
            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, album_id)
            viewer = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
@ -992,9 +1018,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                raise
            errmsg = error.cause.response.read()
            if b'Because of its privacy settings, this video cannot be played here' in errmsg:
-                raise ExtractorError(
-                    'Cannot download embed-only video without embedding URL. Please call yt-dlp '
-                    'with the URL of the page that embeds this video.', expected=True)
+                raise ExtractorError(self._REFERER_HINT, expected=True)
            # 403 == vimeo.com TLS fingerprint or DC IP block; 429 == player.vimeo.com TLS FP block
            status = error.cause.status
            dcip_msg = 'If you are using a data center IP or VPN/proxy, your IP may be blocked'
@ -1039,8 +1063,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
        channel_id = self._search_regex(
            r'vimeo\.com/channels/([^/]+)', url, 'channel id', default=None)
        if channel_id:
-            config_url = self._html_search_regex(
-                r'\bdata-config-url="([^"]+)"', webpage, 'config URL', default=None)
+            config_url = self._extract_config_url(webpage, default=None)
            video_description = clean_html(get_element_by_class('description', webpage))
            info_dict.update({
                'channel_id': channel_id,
@ -1333,8 +1356,7 @@ class VimeoAlbumIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        album_id = self._match_id(url)
-        viewer = self._download_json(
-            'https://vimeo.com/_rv/viewer', album_id, fatal=False)
+        viewer = self._fetch_viewer_info(album_id, fatal=False)
        if not viewer:
            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, album_id)
            viewer = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
@ -1626,3 +1648,377 @@ class VimeoProIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):

        return self.url_result(vimeo_url, VimeoIE, video_id, url_transparent=True,
                               description=description)
+
+
+class VimeoEventIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'vimeo:event'
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
+        https?://(?:www\.)?vimeo\.com/event/(?P<id>\d+)(?:/
+            (?:
+                (?:embed/)?(?P<unlisted_hash>[\da-f]{10})|
+                videos/(?P<video_id>\d+)
+            )
+        )?'''
+    _EMBED_REGEX = [r'<iframe\b[^>]+\bsrc=["\'](?P<url>https?://vimeo\.com/event/\d+/embed(?:[/?][^"\']*)?)["\'][^>]*>']
+    _TESTS = [{
+        # stream_privacy.view: 'anybody'
+        'url': 'https://vimeo.com/event/5116195',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1082194134',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': '5116195',
+            'title': 'Skidmore College Commencement 2025',
+            'description': 'md5:1902dd5165d21f98aa198297cc729d23',
+            'uploader': 'Skidmore College',
+            'uploader_id': 'user116066434',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/user116066434',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'duration': 9810,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://i\.vimeocdn\.com/video/\d+-[\da-f]+-d',
+            'timestamp': 1747502974,
+            'upload_date': '20250517',
+            'release_timestamp': 1747502998,
+            'release_date': '20250517',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
+    }, {
+        # stream_privacy.view: 'embed_only'
+        'url': 'https://vimeo.com/event/5034253/embed',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1071439154',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': '5034253',
+            'title': 'Advancing Humans with AI',
+            'description': r're:AI is here to stay, but how do we ensure that people flourish in a world of pervasive AI use.{322}$',
+            'uploader': 'MIT Media Lab',
+            'uploader_id': 'mitmedialab',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/mitmedialab',
+            'duration': 23235,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://i\.vimeocdn\.com/video/\d+-[\da-f]+-d',
+            'chapters': 'count:37',
+            'release_timestamp': 1744290000,
+            'release_date': '20250410',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'm3u8',
+            'http_headers': {'Referer': 'https://www.media.mit.edu/events/aha-symposium/'},
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
+    }, {
+        # Last entry on 2nd page of the 37 video playlist, but use clip_to_play_id API param shortcut
+        'url': 'https://vimeo.com/event/4753126/videos/1046153257',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1046153257',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': '4753126',
+            'title': 'January 12, 2025 The True Vine (Pastor John Mindrup)',
+            'description': 'The True Vine (Pastor \tJohn Mindrup)',
+            'uploader': 'Salem United Church of Christ',
+            'uploader_id': 'user230181094',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/user230181094',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'duration': 4962,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://i\.vimeocdn\.com/video/\d+-[\da-f]+-d',
+            'timestamp': 1736702464,
+            'upload_date': '20250112',
+            'release_timestamp': 1736702543,
+            'release_date': '20250112',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
+    }, {
+        # "24/7" livestream
+        'url': 'https://vimeo.com/event/4768062',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1079901414',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': '4768062',
+            'title': r're:GRACELAND CAM \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}$',
+            'description': '24/7 camera at Graceland Mansion',
+            'uploader': 'Elvis Presley\'s Graceland',
+            'uploader_id': 'visitgraceland',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/visitgraceland',
+            'release_timestamp': 1745975450,
+            'release_date': '20250430',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'livestream'},
+    }, {
+        # stream_privacy.view: 'unlisted' with unlisted_hash in URL path (stream_privacy.embed: 'whitelist')
+        'url': 'https://vimeo.com/event/4259978/3db517c479',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '939104114',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': '4259978',
+            'title': 'Enhancing Credibility in Your Community Science Project',
+            'description': 'md5:eab953341168b9c146bc3cfe3f716070',
+            'uploader': 'NOAA Research',
+            'uploader_id': 'noaaresearch',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/noaaresearch',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'duration': 3961,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://i\.vimeocdn\.com/video/\d+-[\da-f]+-d',
+            'timestamp': 1716408008,
+            'upload_date': '20240522',
+            'release_timestamp': 1716408062,
+            'release_date': '20240522',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
+    }, {
+        # "done" event with video_id in URL and unlisted_hash in VimeoIE URL
+        'url': 'https://vimeo.com/event/595460/videos/498149131/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '498149131',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': '595460',
+            'title': '2021 Eighth Annual John Cardinal Foley Lecture on Social Communications',
+            'description': 'Replay: https://vimeo.com/catholicphilly/review/498149131/544f26a12f',
+            'uploader': 'Kearns Media Consulting LLC',
+            'uploader_id': 'kearnsmediaconsulting',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/kearnsmediaconsulting',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'duration': 4466,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://i\.vimeocdn\.com/video/\d+-[\da-f]+-d',
+            'timestamp': 1612228466,
+            'upload_date': '20210202',
+            'release_timestamp': 1612228538,
+            'release_date': '20210202',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
+    }, {
+        # stream_privacy.view: 'password'; stream_privacy.embed: 'public'
+        'url': 'https://vimeo.com/event/4940578',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1059263570',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': '4940578',
+            'title': 'TMAC AKC AGILITY 2-22-2025',
+            'uploader': 'Paws \'N Effect',
+            'uploader_id': 'pawsneffect',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/pawsneffect',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'duration': 33115,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://i\.vimeocdn\.com/video/\d+-[\da-f]+-d',
+            'timestamp': 1740261836,
+            'upload_date': '20250222',
+            'release_timestamp': 1740261873,
+            'release_date': '20250222',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'videopassword': '22',
+            'skip_download': 'm3u8',
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
+    }, {
+        # API serves a playlist of 37 videos, but the site only streams the newest one (changes every Sunday)
+        'url': 'https://vimeo.com/event/4753126',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        # Scheduled for 2025.05.15 but never started; "unavailable"; stream_privacy.view: "anybody"
+        'url': 'https://vimeo.com/event/5120811/embed',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://vimeo.com/event/5112969/embed?muted=1',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://vimeo.com/event/5097437/embed/interaction?muted=1',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://vimeo.com/event/5113032/embed?autoplay=1&muted=1',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        # Ended livestream with video_id
+        'url': 'https://vimeo.com/event/595460/videos/507329569/',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        # stream_privacy.view: 'unlisted' with unlisted_hash in URL path (stream_privacy.embed: 'public')
+        'url': 'https://vimeo.com/event/4606123/embed/358d60ce2e',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+    _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [{
+        # Same result as https://vimeo.com/event/5034253/embed
+        'url': 'https://www.media.mit.edu/events/aha-symposium/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1071439154',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': '5034253',
+            'title': 'Advancing Humans with AI',
+            'description': r're:AI is here to stay, but how do we ensure that people flourish in a world of pervasive AI use.{322}$',
+            'uploader': 'MIT Media Lab',
+            'uploader_id': 'mitmedialab',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/mitmedialab',
+            'duration': 23235,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://i\.vimeocdn\.com/video/\d+-[\da-f]+-d',
+            'chapters': 'count:37',
+            'release_timestamp': 1744290000,
+            'release_date': '20250410',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
+    }]
+
+    _EVENT_FIELDS = (
+        'title', 'uri', 'schedule', 'stream_description', 'stream_privacy.embed', 'stream_privacy.view',
+        'clip_to_play.name', 'clip_to_play.uri', 'clip_to_play.config_url', 'clip_to_play.live.status',
+        'clip_to_play.privacy.embed', 'clip_to_play.privacy.view', 'clip_to_play.password',
+        'streamable_clip.name', 'streamable_clip.uri', 'streamable_clip.config_url', 'streamable_clip.live.status',
+    )
+    _VIDEOS_FIELDS = ('items', 'uri', 'name', 'config_url', 'duration', 'live.status')
+
+    def _call_events_api(
+        self, event_id, ep=None, unlisted_hash=None, note=None,
+        fields=(), referrer=None, query=None, headers=None,
+    ):
+        resource = join_nonempty('event', ep, note, 'API JSON', delim=' ')
+
+        return self._download_json(
+            join_nonempty(
+                'https://api.vimeo.com/live_events',
+                join_nonempty(event_id, unlisted_hash, delim=':'), ep, delim='/'),
+            event_id, f'Downloading {resource}', f'Failed to download {resource}',
+            query=filter_dict({
+                'fields': ','.join(fields) or [],
+                # Correct spelling with 4 R's is deliberate
+                'referrer': referrer,
+                **(query or {}),
+            }), headers=filter_dict({
+                'Accept': 'application/json',
+                'Authorization': f'jwt {self._fetch_viewer_info(event_id)["jwt"]}',
+                'Referer': referrer,
+                **(headers or {}),
+            }))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _extract_video_id_and_unlisted_hash(video):
+        if not traverse_obj(video, ('uri', {lambda x: x.startswith('/videos/')})):
+            return None, None
+        video_id, _, unlisted_hash = video['uri'][8:].partition(':')
+        return video_id, unlisted_hash or None
+
+    def _vimeo_url_result(self, video_id, unlisted_hash=None, event_id=None):
+        # VimeoIE can extract more metadata and formats for was_live event videos
+        return self.url_result(
+            join_nonempty('https://vimeo.com', video_id, unlisted_hash, delim='/'), VimeoIE,
+            video_id, display_id=event_id, live_status='was_live', url_transparent=True)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _extract_embed_urls(cls, url, webpage):
+        for embed_url in super()._extract_embed_urls(url, webpage):
+            yield cls._smuggle_referrer(embed_url, url)
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        url, _, headers = self._unsmuggle_headers(url)
+        # XXX: Keep key name in sync with _unsmuggle_headers
+        referrer = headers.get('Referer')
+        event_id, unlisted_hash, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'unlisted_hash', 'video_id')
+
+        for retry in (False, True):
+            try:
+                live_event_data = self._call_events_api(
+                    event_id, unlisted_hash=unlisted_hash, fields=self._EVENT_FIELDS,
+                    referrer=referrer, query={'clip_to_play_id': video_id or '0'},
+                    headers={'Accept': 'application/vnd.vimeo.*+json;version=3.4.9'})
+                break
+            except ExtractorError as e:
+                if retry or not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) or e.cause.status not in (400, 403):
+                    raise
+                response = traverse_obj(e.cause.response.read(), ({json.loads}, {dict})) or {}
+                error_code = response.get('error_code')
+                if error_code == 2204:
+                    self._verify_video_password(event_id, path='event')
+                    continue
+                if error_code == 3200:
+                    raise ExtractorError(self._REFERER_HINT, expected=True)
+                if error_msg := response.get('error'):
+                    raise ExtractorError(f'Vimeo says: {error_msg}', expected=True)
+                raise
+
+        # stream_privacy.view can be: 'anybody', 'embed_only', 'nobody', 'password', 'unlisted'
+        view_policy = live_event_data['stream_privacy']['view']
+        if view_policy == 'nobody':
+            raise ExtractorError('This event has not been made available to anyone', expected=True)
+
+        clip_data = traverse_obj(live_event_data, ('clip_to_play', {dict})) or {}
+        # live.status can be: 'streaming' (is_live), 'done' (was_live), 'unavailable' (is_upcoming OR dead)
+        clip_status = traverse_obj(clip_data, ('live', 'status', {str}))
+        start_time = traverse_obj(live_event_data, ('schedule', 'start_time', {str}))
+        release_timestamp = parse_iso8601(start_time)
+
+        if clip_status == 'unavailable' and release_timestamp and release_timestamp > time.time():
+            self.raise_no_formats(f'This live event is scheduled for {start_time}', expected=True)
+            live_status = 'is_upcoming'
+            config_url = None
+
+        elif view_policy == 'embed_only':
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(
+                join_nonempty('https://vimeo.com/event', event_id, 'embed', unlisted_hash, delim='/'),
+                event_id, 'Downloading embed iframe webpage', impersonate=True, headers=headers)
+            # The _parse_config result will overwrite live_status w/ 'is_live' if livestream is active
+            live_status = 'was_live'
+            config_url = self._extract_config_url(webpage)
+
+        else:  # view_policy in ('anybody', 'password', 'unlisted')
+            if video_id:
+                clip_id, clip_hash = self._extract_video_id_and_unlisted_hash(clip_data)
+                if video_id == clip_id and clip_status == 'done' and (clip_hash or view_policy != 'unlisted'):
+                    return self._vimeo_url_result(clip_id, clip_hash, event_id)
+
+                video_filter = lambda _, v: self._extract_video_id_and_unlisted_hash(v)[0] == video_id
+            else:
+                video_filter = lambda _, v: v['live']['status'] in ('streaming', 'done')
+
+            for page in itertools.count(1):
+                videos_data = self._call_events_api(
+                    event_id, 'videos', unlisted_hash=unlisted_hash, note=f'page {page}',
+                    fields=self._VIDEOS_FIELDS, referrer=referrer, query={'page': page},
+                    headers={'Accept': 'application/vnd.vimeo.*;version=3.4.1'})
+
+                video = traverse_obj(videos_data, ('data', video_filter, any))
+                if video or not traverse_obj(videos_data, ('paging', 'next', {str})):
+                    break
+
+            live_status = {
+                'streaming': 'is_live',
+                'done': 'was_live',
+            }.get(traverse_obj(video, ('live', 'status', {str})))
+
+            if not live_status:  # requested video_id is unavailable or no videos are available
+                raise ExtractorError('This event video is unavailable', expected=True)
+            elif live_status == 'was_live':
+                return self._vimeo_url_result(*self._extract_video_id_and_unlisted_hash(video), event_id)
+            config_url = video['config_url']
+
+        if config_url:  # view_policy == 'embed_only' or live_status == 'is_live'
+            info = filter_dict(self._parse_config(
+                self._download_json(config_url, event_id, 'Downloading config JSON'), event_id))
+        else:  # live_status == 'is_upcoming'
+            info = {'id': event_id}
+
+        if info.get('live_status') == 'post_live':
+            self.report_warning('This live event recently ended and some formats may not yet be available')
+
+        return {
+            **traverse_obj(live_event_data, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('stream_description', {str}),
+            }),
+            'display_id': event_id,
+            'live_status': live_status,
+            'release_timestamp': release_timestamp,
+            **info,
+        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vk.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vk.py
@ -548,21 +548,21 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
            'formats': formats,
            'subtitles': subtitles,
            **traverse_obj(mv_data, {
-                'title': ('title', {unescapeHTML}),
+                'title': ('title', {str}, {unescapeHTML}),
                'description': ('desc', {clean_html}, filter),
                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
                'like_count': ('likes', {int_or_none}),
                'comment_count': ('commcount', {int_or_none}),
            }),
            **traverse_obj(data, {
-                'title': ('md_title', {unescapeHTML}),
+                'title': ('md_title', {str}, {unescapeHTML}),
                'description': ('description', {clean_html}, filter),
                'thumbnail': ('jpg', {url_or_none}),
-                'uploader': ('md_author', {unescapeHTML}),
+                'uploader': ('md_author', {str}, {unescapeHTML}),
                'uploader_id': (('author_id', 'authorId'), {str_or_none}, any),
                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
                'chapters': ('time_codes', lambda _, v: isinstance(v['time'], int), {
-                    'title': ('text', {unescapeHTML}),
+                    'title': ('text', {str}, {unescapeHTML}),
                    'start_time': 'time',
                }),
            }),
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/voxmedia.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/voxmedia.py
@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import urllib.parse

 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from .once import OnceIE
 from ..utils import (
    ExtractorError,
    int_or_none,
@ -10,7 +9,7 @@ from ..utils import (
 )


-class VoxMediaVolumeIE(OnceIE):
+class VoxMediaVolumeIE(InfoExtractor):
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://volume\.vox-cdn\.com/embed/(?P<id>[0-9a-f]{9})'

    def _real_extract(self, url):
@ -57,7 +56,8 @@ class VoxMediaVolumeIE(OnceIE):
            if not provider_video_id:
                continue
            if provider_video_type == 'brightcove':
-                info['formats'] = self._extract_once_formats(provider_video_id)
+                # TODO: Find embed example or confirm that Vox has stopped using Brightcove
+                raise ExtractorError('Vox Brightcove embeds are currently unsupported')
            else:
                info.update({
                    '_type': 'url_transparent',
@ -155,20 +155,6 @@ class VoxMediaIE(InfoExtractor):
            },
        }],
        'skip': 'Page no longer contain videos',
-    }, {
-        # volume embed, Brightcove Once
-        'url': 'https://www.recode.net/2014/6/17/11628066/post-post-pc-ceo-the-full-code-conference-video-of-microsofts-satya',
-        'md5': '2dbc77b8b0bff1894c2fce16eded637d',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '1231c973d',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Post-Post-PC CEO: The Full Code Conference Video of Microsoft\'s Satya Nadella',
-            'description': 'The longtime veteran was chosen earlier this year as the software giant\'s third leader in its history.',
-            'timestamp': 1402938000,
-            'upload_date': '20140616',
-            'duration': 4114,
-        },
-        'add_ie': ['VoxMediaVolume'],
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/wat.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/wat.py
@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
    ExtractorError,
    int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
    try_get,
    unified_strdate,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj


 class WatIE(InfoExtractor):
@ -70,8 +72,14 @@ class WatIE(InfoExtractor):

        error_desc = video_info.get('error_desc')
        if error_desc:
-            if video_info.get('error_code') == 'GEOBLOCKED':
+            error_code = video_info.get('error_code')
+            if error_code == 'GEOBLOCKED':
                self.raise_geo_restricted(error_desc, video_info.get('geoList'))
+            elif error_code == 'DELIVERY_ERROR':
+                if traverse_obj(video_data, ('delivery', 'code')) == 500:
+                    self.report_drm(video_id)
+                error_desc = join_nonempty(
+                    error_desc, traverse_obj(video_data, ('delivery', 'error', {str})), delim=': ')
            raise ExtractorError(error_desc, expected=True)

        title = video_info['title']
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/weverse.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/weverse.py
@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import base64
+import functools
 import hashlib
 import hmac
 import itertools
@ -17,99 +18,227 @@ from ..utils import (
    UserNotLive,
    float_or_none,
    int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
+    jwt_decode_hs256,
    str_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
    try_call,
    update_url_query,
    url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import require, traverse_obj


 class WeverseBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'weverse'
-    _ACCOUNT_API_BASE = 'https://accountapi.weverse.io/web/api'
+    _ACCOUNT_API_BASE = 'https://accountapi.weverse.io'
+    _CLIENT_PLATFORM = 'WEB'
+    _SIGNING_KEY = b'1b9cb6378d959b45714bec49971ade22e6e24e42'
+    _ACCESS_TOKEN_KEY = 'we2_access_token'
+    _REFRESH_TOKEN_KEY = 'we2_refresh_token'
+    _DEVICE_ID_KEY = 'we2_device_id'
    _API_HEADERS = {
        'Accept': 'application/json',
+        'Origin': 'https://weverse.io',
        'Referer': 'https://weverse.io/',
-        'WEV-device-Id': str(uuid.uuid4()),
    }
+    _LOGIN_HINT_TMPL = (
+        'You can log in using your refresh token with --username "{}" --password "REFRESH_TOKEN" '
+        '(replace REFRESH_TOKEN with the actual value of the "{}" cookie found in your web browser). '
+        'You can add an optional username suffix, e.g. --username "{}" , '
+        'if you need to manage multiple accounts. ')
+    _LOGIN_ERRORS_MAP = {
+        'login_required': 'This content is only available for logged-in users. ',
+        'invalid_username': '"{}" is not valid login username for this extractor. ',
+        'invalid_password': (
+            'Your password is not a valid refresh token. Make sure that '
+            'you are passing the refresh token, and NOT the access token. '),
+        'no_refresh_token': (
+            'Your access token has expired and there is no refresh token available. '
+            'Refresh your session/cookies in the web browser and try again. '),
+        'expired_refresh_token': (
+            'Your refresh token has expired. Log in to the site again using '
+            'your web browser to get a new refresh token or export fresh cookies. '),
+    }
+    _OAUTH_PREFIX = 'oauth'
+    _oauth_tokens = {}
+    _device_id = None

-    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
-        if self._API_HEADERS.get('Authorization'):
-            return
-
-        headers = {
-            'x-acc-app-secret': '5419526f1c624b38b10787e5c10b2a7a',
-            'x-acc-app-version': '3.3.6',
-            'x-acc-language': 'en',
-            'x-acc-service-id': 'weverse',
-            'x-acc-trace-id': str(uuid.uuid4()),
-            'x-clog-user-device-id': str(uuid.uuid4()),
+    @property
+    def _oauth_headers(self):
+        return {
+            **self._API_HEADERS,
+            'X-ACC-APP-SECRET': '5419526f1c624b38b10787e5c10b2a7a',
+            'X-ACC-SERVICE-ID': 'weverse',
+            'X-ACC-TRACE-ID': str(uuid.uuid4()),
        }
-        valid_username = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
-            f'{self._ACCOUNT_API_BASE}/v2/signup/email/status', None, note='Checking username',
-            query={'email': username}, headers=headers, expected_status=(400, 404)), 'hasPassword')
-        if not valid_username:
-            raise ExtractorError('Invalid username provided', expected=True)

-        headers['content-type'] = 'application/json'
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def _oauth_cache_key(self):
+        username = self._get_login_info()[0]
+        if not username:
+            return 'cookies'
+        return join_nonempty(self._OAUTH_PREFIX, username.partition('+')[2])
+
+    @property
+    def _is_logged_in(self):
+        return bool(self._oauth_tokens.get(self._ACCESS_TOKEN_KEY))
+
+    def _access_token_is_valid(self):
+        response = self._download_json(
+            f'{self._ACCOUNT_API_BASE}/api/v1/token/validate', None,
+            'Validating access token', 'Unable to valid access token',
+            expected_status=401, headers={
+                **self._oauth_headers,
+                'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._oauth_tokens[self._ACCESS_TOKEN_KEY]}',
+            })
+        return traverse_obj(response, ('expiresIn', {int}), default=0) > 60
+
+    def _token_is_expired(self, key):
+        is_expired = jwt_decode_hs256(self._oauth_tokens[key])['exp'] - time.time() < 3600
+        if key == self._REFRESH_TOKEN_KEY or not is_expired:
+            return is_expired
+        return not self._access_token_is_valid()
+
+    def _refresh_access_token(self):
+        if not self._oauth_tokens.get(self._REFRESH_TOKEN_KEY):
+            self._report_login_error('no_refresh_token')
+        if self._token_is_expired(self._REFRESH_TOKEN_KEY):
+            self._report_login_error('expired_refresh_token')
+
+        headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
+        if self._is_logged_in:
+            headers['Authorization'] = f'Bearer {self._oauth_tokens[self._ACCESS_TOKEN_KEY]}'
+
        try:
-            auth = self._download_json(
-                f'{self._ACCOUNT_API_BASE}/v3/auth/token/by-credentials', None, data=json.dumps({
-                    'email': username,
-                    'otpSessionId': 'BY_PASS',
-                    'password': password,
-                }, separators=(',', ':')).encode(), headers=headers, note='Logging in')
+            response = self._download_json(
+                f'{self._ACCOUNT_API_BASE}/api/v1/token/refresh', None,
+                'Refreshing access token', 'Unable to refresh access token',
+                headers={**self._oauth_headers, **headers},
+                data=json.dumps({
+                    'refreshToken': self._oauth_tokens[self._REFRESH_TOKEN_KEY],
+                }, separators=(',', ':')).encode())
        except ExtractorError as e:
            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
-                raise ExtractorError('Invalid password provided', expected=True)
+                self._oauth_tokens.clear()
+                if self._oauth_cache_key == 'cookies':
+                    self.cookiejar.clear(domain='.weverse.io', path='/', name=self._ACCESS_TOKEN_KEY)
+                    self.cookiejar.clear(domain='.weverse.io', path='/', name=self._REFRESH_TOKEN_KEY)
+                else:
+                    self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, self._oauth_cache_key, self._oauth_tokens)
+                self._report_login_error('expired_refresh_token')
            raise

-        WeverseBaseIE._API_HEADERS['Authorization'] = f'Bearer {auth["accessToken"]}'
+        self._oauth_tokens.update(traverse_obj(response, {
+            self._ACCESS_TOKEN_KEY: ('accessToken', {str}, {require('access token')}),
+            self._REFRESH_TOKEN_KEY: ('refreshToken', {str}, {require('refresh token')}),
+        }))

-    def _real_initialize(self):
-        if self._API_HEADERS.get('Authorization'):
+        if self._oauth_cache_key == 'cookies':
+            self._set_cookie('.weverse.io', self._ACCESS_TOKEN_KEY, self._oauth_tokens[self._ACCESS_TOKEN_KEY])
+            self._set_cookie('.weverse.io', self._REFRESH_TOKEN_KEY, self._oauth_tokens[self._REFRESH_TOKEN_KEY])
+        else:
+            self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, self._oauth_cache_key, self._oauth_tokens)
+
+    def _get_authorization_header(self):
+        if not self._is_logged_in:
+            return {}
+        if self._token_is_expired(self._ACCESS_TOKEN_KEY):
+            self._refresh_access_token()
+        return {'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._oauth_tokens[self._ACCESS_TOKEN_KEY]}'}
+
+    def _report_login_error(self, error_id):
+        error_msg = self._LOGIN_ERRORS_MAP[error_id]
+        username = self._get_login_info()[0]
+
+        if error_id == 'invalid_username':
+            error_msg = error_msg.format(username)
+            username = f'{self._OAUTH_PREFIX}+{username}'
+        elif not username:
+            username = f'{self._OAUTH_PREFIX}+USERNAME'
+
+        raise ExtractorError(join_nonempty(
+            error_msg, self._LOGIN_HINT_TMPL.format(self._OAUTH_PREFIX, self._REFRESH_TOKEN_KEY, username),
+            'Or else you can u', self._login_hint(method='session_cookies')[1:], delim=''), expected=True)
+
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        if self._is_logged_in:
            return

-        token = try_call(lambda: self._get_cookies('https://weverse.io/')['we2_access_token'].value)
-        if token:
-            WeverseBaseIE._API_HEADERS['Authorization'] = f'Bearer {token}'
+        if username.partition('+')[0] != self._OAUTH_PREFIX:
+            self._report_login_error('invalid_username')
+
+        self._oauth_tokens.update(self.cache.load(self._NETRC_MACHINE, self._oauth_cache_key, default={}))
+        if self._is_logged_in and self._access_token_is_valid():
+            return
+
+        rt_key = self._REFRESH_TOKEN_KEY
+        if not self._oauth_tokens.get(rt_key) or self._token_is_expired(rt_key):
+            if try_call(lambda: jwt_decode_hs256(password)['scope']) != 'refresh':
+                self._report_login_error('invalid_password')
+            self._oauth_tokens[rt_key] = password
+
+        self._refresh_access_token()
+
+    def _real_initialize(self):
+        cookies = self._get_cookies('https://weverse.io/')
+
+        if not self._device_id:
+            self._device_id = traverse_obj(cookies, (self._DEVICE_ID_KEY, 'value')) or str(uuid.uuid4())
+
+        if self._is_logged_in:
+            return
+
+        self._oauth_tokens.update(traverse_obj(cookies, {
+            self._ACCESS_TOKEN_KEY: (self._ACCESS_TOKEN_KEY, 'value'),
+            self._REFRESH_TOKEN_KEY: (self._REFRESH_TOKEN_KEY, 'value'),
+        }))
+        if self._is_logged_in and not self._access_token_is_valid():
+            self._refresh_access_token()

    def _call_api(self, ep, video_id, data=None, note='Downloading API JSON'):
        # Ref: https://ssl.pstatic.net/static/wevweb/2_3_2_11101725/public/static/js/2488.a09b41ff.chunk.js
        # From https://ssl.pstatic.net/static/wevweb/2_3_2_11101725/public/static/js/main.e206f7c1.js:
-        key = b'1b9cb6378d959b45714bec49971ade22e6e24e42'
        api_path = update_url_query(ep, {
            # 'gcc': 'US',
            'appId': 'be4d79eb8fc7bd008ee82c8ec4ff6fd4',
            'language': 'en',
-            'os': 'WEB',
-            'platform': 'WEB',
+            'os': self._CLIENT_PLATFORM,
+            'platform': self._CLIENT_PLATFORM,
            'wpf': 'pc',
        })
-        wmsgpad = int(time.time() * 1000)
-        wmd = base64.b64encode(hmac.HMAC(
-            key, f'{api_path[:255]}{wmsgpad}'.encode(), digestmod=hashlib.sha1).digest()).decode()
-        headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'} if data else {}
-        try:
-            return self._download_json(
-                f'https://global.apis.naver.com/weverse/wevweb{api_path}', video_id, note=note,
-                data=data, headers={**self._API_HEADERS, **headers}, query={
-                    'wmsgpad': wmsgpad,
-                    'wmd': wmd,
-                })
-        except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
-                self.raise_login_required(
-                    'Session token has expired. Log in again or refresh cookies in browser')
-            elif isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
-                if 'Authorization' in self._API_HEADERS:
-                    raise ExtractorError('Your account does not have access to this content', expected=True)
-                self.raise_login_required()
-            raise
+        for is_retry in (False, True):
+            wmsgpad = int(time.time() * 1000)
+            wmd = base64.b64encode(hmac.HMAC(
+                self._SIGNING_KEY, f'{api_path[:255]}{wmsgpad}'.encode(),
+                digestmod=hashlib.sha1).digest()).decode()
+
+            try:
+                return self._download_json(
+                    f'https://global.apis.naver.com/weverse/wevweb{api_path}', video_id, note=note,
+                    data=data, headers={
+                        **self._API_HEADERS,
+                        **self._get_authorization_header(),
+                        **({'Content-Type': 'application/json'} if data else {}),
+                        'WEV-device-Id': self._device_id,
+                    }, query={
+                        'wmsgpad': wmsgpad,
+                        'wmd': wmd,
+                    })
+            except ExtractorError as e:
+                if is_retry or not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError):
+                    raise
+                elif self._is_logged_in and e.cause.status == 401:
+                    self._refresh_access_token()
+                    continue
+                elif e.cause.status == 403:
+                    if self._is_logged_in:
+                        raise ExtractorError(
+                            'Your account does not have access to this content', expected=True)
+                    self._report_login_error('login_required')
+                raise

    def _call_post_api(self, video_id):
-        path = '' if 'Authorization' in self._API_HEADERS else '/preview'
+        path = '' if self._is_logged_in else '/preview'
        return self._call_api(f'/post/v1.0/post-{video_id}{path}?fieldSet=postV1', video_id)

    def _get_community_id(self, channel):
@ -290,12 +419,14 @@ class WeverseIE(WeverseBaseIE):

        elif live_status == 'is_live':
            video_info = self._call_api(
-                f'/video/v1.2/lives/{api_video_id}/playInfo?preview.format=json&preview.version=v2',
+                f'/video/v1.3/lives/{api_video_id}/playInfo?preview.format=json&preview.version=v2',
                video_id, note='Downloading live JSON')
            playback = self._parse_json(video_info['lipPlayback'], video_id)
            m3u8_url = traverse_obj(playback, (
                'media', lambda _, v: v['protocol'] == 'HLS', 'path', {url_or_none}), get_all=False)
-            formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', live=True)
+            # Live subtitles are not downloadable, but extract to silence "ignoring subs" warning
+            formats, _ = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', live=True)

        elif live_status == 'post_live':
            if availability in ('premium_only', 'subscriber_only'):
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/xinpianchang.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/xinpianchang.py
@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class XinpianchangIE(InfoExtractor):

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id=video_id)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id=video_id, headers={'Referer': url})
        video_data = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id)['props']['pageProps']['detail']['video']

        data = self._download_json(
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_base.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_base.py
@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ from ...utils import (
 class _PoTokenContext(enum.Enum):
    PLAYER = 'player'
    GVS = 'gvs'
+    SUBS = 'subs'


 # any clients starting with _ cannot be explicitly requested by the user
@ -174,6 +175,15 @@ INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = {
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 7,
        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
    },
+    'tv_simply': {
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'TVHTML5_SIMPLY',
+                'clientVersion': '1.0',
+            },
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 75,
+    },
    # This client now requires sign-in for every video
    # It was previously an age-gate workaround for videos that were `playable_in_embed`
    # It may still be useful if signed into an EU account that is not age-verified
@ -787,6 +797,7 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):

    def _download_ytcfg(self, client, video_id):
        url = {
+            'mweb': 'https://m.youtube.com',
            'web': 'https://www.youtube.com',
            'web_music': 'https://music.youtube.com',
            'web_embedded': f'https://www.youtube.com/embed/{video_id}?html5=1',
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_clip.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_clip.py
@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ class YoutubeClipIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
            'chapters': 'count:20',
            'comment_count': int,
            'heatmap': 'count:100',
+            'media_type': 'clip',
        },
    }]

@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ class YoutubeClipIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
            'url': f'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}',
            'ie_key': YoutubeIE.ie_key(),
            'id': clip_id,
+            'media_type': 'clip',
            'section_start': int(clip_data['startTimeMs']) / 1000,
            'section_end': int(clip_data['endTimeMs']) / 1000,
            '_format_sort_fields': (  # https protocol is prioritized for ffmpeg compatibility
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_redirect.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_redirect.py
@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ class YoutubeYtBeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
            'duration': 59,
            'comment_count': int,
            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'media_type': 'short',
        },
        'params': {
            'noplaylist': True,
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_video.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_video.py
@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ from ._base import (
    _split_innertube_client,
    short_client_name,
 )
+from .pot._director import initialize_pot_director
+from .pot.provider import PoTokenContext, PoTokenRequest
 from ..openload import PhantomJSwrapper
 from ...jsinterp import JSInterpreter
 from ...networking.exceptions import HTTPError
@ -66,9 +68,13 @@ from ...utils import (
    urljoin,
    variadic,
 )
+from ...utils.networking import clean_headers, clean_proxies, select_proxy

 STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME = '__yt_dlp_client'
 STREAMING_DATA_INITIAL_PO_TOKEN = '__yt_dlp_po_token'
+STREAMING_DATA_FETCH_SUBS_PO_TOKEN = '__yt_dlp_fetch_subs_po_token'
+STREAMING_DATA_INNERTUBE_CONTEXT = '__yt_dlp_innertube_context'
+
 PO_TOKEN_GUIDE_URL = 'https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/PO-Token-Guide'


@ -244,7 +250,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
        '400': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.12M.08'},
        '401': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.12M.08'},
    }
-    _SUBTITLE_FORMATS = ('json3', 'srv1', 'srv2', 'srv3', 'ttml', 'vtt')
+    _SUBTITLE_FORMATS = ('json3', 'srv1', 'srv2', 'srv3', 'ttml', 'srt', 'vtt')
    _DEFAULT_CLIENTS = ('tv', 'ios', 'web')
    _DEFAULT_AUTHED_CLIENTS = ('tv', 'web')

@ -376,6 +382,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'uploader': 'Afrojack',
                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Afrojack',
                'uploader_id': '@Afrojack',
+                'media_type': 'video',
            },
            'params': {
                'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
@ -413,10 +420,11 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'channel_is_verified': True,
                'heatmap': 'count:100',
                'timestamp': 1401991663,
+                'media_type': 'video',
            },
        },
        {
-            'note': 'Age-gate video with embed allowed in public site',
+            'note': 'Formerly an age-gate video with embed allowed in public site',
            'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=HsUATh_Nc2U',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'HsUATh_Nc2U',
@ -424,8 +432,8 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'title': 'Godzilla 2 (Official Video)',
                'description': 'md5:bf77e03fcae5529475e500129b05668a',
                'upload_date': '20200408',
-                'age_limit': 18,
-                'availability': 'needs_auth',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'availability': 'public',
                'channel_id': 'UCYQT13AtrJC0gsM1far_zJg',
                'channel': 'FlyingKitty',
                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYQT13AtrJC0gsM1far_zJg',
@ -443,8 +451,8 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'uploader_id': '@FlyingKitty900',
                'comment_count': int,
                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'media_type': 'video',
            },
-            'skip': 'Age-restricted; requires authentication',
        },
        {
            'note': 'Age-gate video embedable only with clientScreen=EMBED',
@ -507,6 +515,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'uploader': 'Herr Lurik',
                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@HerrLurik',
                'uploader_id': '@HerrLurik',
+                'media_type': 'video',
            },
        },
        {
@ -546,6 +555,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'uploader': 'deadmau5',
                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@deadmau5',
                'uploader_id': '@deadmau5',
+                'media_type': 'video',
            },
            'expected_warnings': [
                'DASH manifest missing',
@ -581,6 +591,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'uploader_id': '@Olympics',
                'channel_is_verified': True,
                'timestamp': 1440707674,
+                'media_type': 'livestream',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
@ -615,6 +626,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@AllenMeow',
                'uploader_id': '@AllenMeow',
                'timestamp': 1299776999,
+                'media_type': 'video',
            },
        },
        # url_encoded_fmt_stream_map is empty string
@ -809,6 +821,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'like_count': int,
                'age_limit': 0,
                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'media_type': 'video',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
@ -868,6 +881,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'uploader_id': '@BKCHarvard',
                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@BKCHarvard',
                'timestamp': 1422422076,
+                'media_type': 'video',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
@ -904,6 +918,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'channel_is_verified': True,
                'heatmap': 'count:100',
                'timestamp': 1447987198,
+                'media_type': 'video',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
@ -968,6 +983,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'comment_count': int,
                'channel_is_verified': True,
                'timestamp': 1484761047,
+                'media_type': 'video',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
@ -1070,6 +1086,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'tags': 'count:11',
                'live_status': 'not_live',
                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'media_type': 'video',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
@ -1124,6 +1141,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ElevageOrVert',
                'uploader_id': '@ElevageOrVert',
                'timestamp': 1497343210,
+                'media_type': 'video',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
@ -1163,6 +1181,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'channel_is_verified': True,
                'heatmap': 'count:100',
                'timestamp': 1377976349,
+                'media_type': 'video',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
@ -1207,6 +1226,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'channel_follower_count': int,
                'uploader': 'The Cinematic Orchestra',
                'comment_count': int,
+                'media_type': 'video',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
@ -1275,6 +1295,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@walkaroundjapan7124',
                'uploader_id': '@walkaroundjapan7124',
                'timestamp': 1605884416,
+                'media_type': 'video',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
@ -1371,6 +1392,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'channel_is_verified': True,
                'heatmap': 'count:100',
                'timestamp': 1395685455,
+                'media_type': 'video',
            }, 'params': {'format': 'mhtml', 'skip_download': True},
        }, {
            # Ensure video upload_date is in UTC timezone (video was uploaded 1641170939)
@ -1401,6 +1423,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'uploader_id': '@LeonNguyen',
                'heatmap': 'count:100',
                'timestamp': 1641170939,
+                'media_type': 'video',
            },
        }, {
            # date text is premiered video, ensure upload date in UTC (published 1641172509)
@ -1434,6 +1457,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'channel_is_verified': True,
                'heatmap': 'count:100',
                'timestamp': 1641172509,
+                'media_type': 'video',
            },
        },
        {   # continuous livestream.
@ -1495,6 +1519,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'uploader': 'Lesmiscore',
                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@lesmiscore',
                'timestamp': 1648005313,
+                'media_type': 'short',
            },
        }, {
            # Prefer primary title+description language metadata by default
@ -1523,6 +1548,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'uploader_id': '@coletdjnz',
                'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
                'timestamp': 1662677394,
+                'media_type': 'video',
            },
            'params': {'skip_download': True},
        }, {
@ -1551,6 +1577,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
                'timestamp': 1659073275,
                'like_count': int,
+                'media_type': 'video',
            },
            'params': {'skip_download': True, 'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'lang': ['fr']}}},
            'expected_warnings': [r'Preferring "fr" translated fields'],
@ -1587,6 +1614,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'comment_count': int,
                'channel_is_verified': True,
                'heatmap': 'count:100',
+                'media_type': 'video',
            },
            'params': {'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'player_client': ['ios']}}, 'format': '233-1'},
        }, {
@ -1687,6 +1715,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'comment_count': int,
                'channel_is_verified': True,
                'heatmap': 'count:100',
+                'media_type': 'video',
            },
            'params': {
                'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'player_client': ['ios'], 'player_skip': ['webpage']}},
@ -1719,6 +1748,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'channel_follower_count': int,
                'categories': ['People & Blogs'],
                'tags': [],
+                'media_type': 'short',
            },
        },
    ]
@ -1754,6 +1784,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'uploader_id': '@ChristopherSykesDocumentaries',
                'heatmap': 'count:100',
                'timestamp': 1211825920,
+                'media_type': 'video',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
@ -1784,6 +1815,11 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self._code_cache = {}
        self._player_cache = {}
+        self._pot_director = None
+
+    def _real_initialize(self):
+        super()._real_initialize()
+        self._pot_director = initialize_pot_director(self)

    def _prepare_live_from_start_formats(self, formats, video_id, live_start_time, url, webpage_url, smuggled_data, is_live):
        lock = threading.Lock()
@ -1819,6 +1855,12 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                    else:
                        retry.error = f'Cannot find refreshed manifest for format {format_id}{bug_reports_message()}'
                    continue
+
+                # Formats from ended premieres will be missing a manifest_url
+                # See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8543
+                if not f.get('manifest_url'):
+                    break
+
                return f['manifest_url'], f['manifest_stream_number'], is_live
            return None

@ -2186,21 +2228,21 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):

    def _extract_n_function_name(self, jscode, player_url=None):
        varname, global_list = self._interpret_player_js_global_var(jscode, player_url)
-        if debug_str := traverse_obj(global_list, (lambda _, v: v.endswith('_w8_'), any)):
-            funcname = self._search_regex(
-                r'''(?xs)
-                    [;\n](?:
-                        (?P<f>function\s+)|
-                        (?:var\s+)?
-                    )(?P<funcname>[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+)\s*(?(f)|=\s*function\s*)
-                    \((?P<argname>[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+)\)\s*\{
-                    (?:(?!\}[;\n]).)+
-                    \}\s*catch\(\s*[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+\s*\)\s*
-                    \{\s*return\s+%s\[%d\]\s*\+\s*(?P=argname)\s*\}\s*return\s+[^}]+\}[;\n]
-                ''' % (re.escape(varname), global_list.index(debug_str)),
-                jscode, 'nsig function name', group='funcname', default=None)
-            if funcname:
-                return funcname
+        if debug_str := traverse_obj(global_list, (lambda _, v: v.endswith('-_w8_'), any)):
+            pattern = r'''(?x)
+                \{\s*return\s+%s\[%d\]\s*\+\s*(?P<argname>[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+)\s*\}
+            ''' % (re.escape(varname), global_list.index(debug_str))
+            if match := re.search(pattern, jscode):
+                pattern = r'''(?x)
+                    \{\s*\)%s\(\s*
+                    (?:
+                        (?P<funcname_a>[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+)\s*noitcnuf\s*
+                        |noitcnuf\s*=\s*(?P<funcname_b>[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+)(?:\s+rav)?
+                    )[;\n]
+                ''' % re.escape(match.group('argname')[::-1])
+                if match := re.search(pattern, jscode[match.start()::-1]):
+                    a, b = match.group('funcname_a', 'funcname_b')
+                    return (a or b)[::-1]
            self.write_debug(join_nonempty(
                'Initial search was unable to find nsig function name',
                player_url and f'        player = {player_url}', delim='\n'), only_once=True)
@ -2247,8 +2289,8 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
            rf'var {re.escape(funcname)}\s*=\s*(\[.+?\])\s*[,;]', jscode,
            f'Initial JS player n function list ({funcname}.{idx})')))[int(idx)]

-    def _extract_player_js_global_var(self, jscode, player_url):
-        """Returns tuple of strings: variable assignment code, variable name, variable value code"""
+    def _interpret_player_js_global_var(self, jscode, player_url):
+        """Returns tuple of: variable name string, variable value list"""
        extract_global_var = self._cached(self._search_regex, 'js global array', player_url)
        varcode, varname, varvalue = extract_global_var(
            r'''(?x)
@ -2266,27 +2308,23 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
            self.write_debug(join_nonempty(
                'No global array variable found in player JS',
                player_url and f'        player = {player_url}', delim='\n'), only_once=True)
-        return varcode, varname, varvalue
+            return None, None

-    def _interpret_player_js_global_var(self, jscode, player_url):
-        """Returns tuple of: variable name string, variable value list"""
-        _, varname, array_code = self._extract_player_js_global_var(jscode, player_url)
-        jsi = JSInterpreter(array_code)
+        jsi = JSInterpreter(varcode)
        interpret_global_var = self._cached(jsi.interpret_expression, 'js global list', player_url)
-        return varname, interpret_global_var(array_code, {}, allow_recursion=10)
+        return varname, interpret_global_var(varvalue, {}, allow_recursion=10)

    def _fixup_n_function_code(self, argnames, nsig_code, jscode, player_url):
-        varcode, varname, _ = self._extract_player_js_global_var(jscode, player_url)
-        if varcode and varname:
-            nsig_code = varcode + '; ' + nsig_code
-            _, global_list = self._interpret_player_js_global_var(jscode, player_url)
+        varname, global_list = self._interpret_player_js_global_var(jscode, player_url)
+        if varname and global_list:
+            nsig_code = f'var {varname}={json.dumps(global_list)}; {nsig_code}'
        else:
            varname = 'dlp_wins'
            global_list = []

        undefined_idx = global_list.index('undefined') if 'undefined' in global_list else r'\d+'
        fixed_code = re.sub(
-            rf'''(?x)
+            fr'''(?x)
                ;\s*if\s*\(\s*typeof\s+[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+\s*===?\s*(?:
                    (["\'])undefined\1|
                    {re.escape(varname)}\[{undefined_idx}\]
@ -2360,6 +2398,11 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
        return sts

    def _mark_watched(self, video_id, player_responses):
+        # cpn generation algorithm is reverse engineered from base.js.
+        # In fact it works even with dummy cpn.
+        CPN_ALPHABET = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-_'
+        cpn = ''.join(CPN_ALPHABET[random.randint(0, 256) & 63] for _ in range(16))
+
        for is_full, key in enumerate(('videostatsPlaybackUrl', 'videostatsWatchtimeUrl')):
            label = 'fully ' if is_full else ''
            url = get_first(player_responses, ('playbackTracking', key, 'baseUrl'),
@ -2370,11 +2413,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
            parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
            qs = urllib.parse.parse_qs(parsed_url.query)

-            # cpn generation algorithm is reverse engineered from base.js.
-            # In fact it works even with dummy cpn.
-            CPN_ALPHABET = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-_'
-            cpn = ''.join(CPN_ALPHABET[random.randint(0, 256) & 63] for _ in range(16))
-
            # # more consistent results setting it to right before the end
            video_length = [str(float((qs.get('len') or ['1.5'])[0]) - 1)]

@ -2824,7 +2862,8 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                continue

    def fetch_po_token(self, client='web', context=_PoTokenContext.GVS, ytcfg=None, visitor_data=None,
-                       data_sync_id=None, session_index=None, player_url=None, video_id=None, **kwargs):
+                       data_sync_id=None, session_index=None, player_url=None, video_id=None, webpage=None,
+                       required=False, **kwargs):
        """
        Fetch a PO Token for a given client and context. This function will validate required parameters for a given context and client.

@ -2838,10 +2877,15 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
        @param session_index: session index.
        @param player_url: player URL.
        @param video_id: video ID.
+        @param webpage: video webpage.
+        @param required: Whether the PO Token is required (i.e. try to fetch unless policy is "never").
        @param kwargs: Additional arguments to pass down. May be more added in the future.
        @return: The fetched PO Token. None if it could not be fetched.
        """

+        # TODO(future): This validation should be moved into pot framework.
+        #  Some sort of middleware or validation provider perhaps?
+
        # GVS WebPO Token is bound to visitor_data / Visitor ID when logged out.
        # Must have visitor_data for it to function.
        if player_url and context == _PoTokenContext.GVS and not visitor_data and not self.is_authenticated:
@ -2863,6 +2907,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                    f'Got a GVS PO Token for {client} client, but missing Data Sync ID for account. Formats may not work.'
                    f'You may need to pass a Data Sync ID with --extractor-args "youtube:data_sync_id=XXX"')

+            self.write_debug(f'{video_id}: Retrieved a {context.value} PO Token for {client} client from config')
            return config_po_token

        # Require GVS WebPO Token if logged in for external fetching
@ -2872,7 +2917,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                f'You may need to pass a Data Sync ID with --extractor-args "youtube:data_sync_id=XXX"')
            return

-        return self._fetch_po_token(
+        po_token = self._fetch_po_token(
            client=client,
            context=context.value,
            ytcfg=ytcfg,
@ -2881,11 +2926,68 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
            session_index=session_index,
            player_url=player_url,
            video_id=video_id,
+            video_webpage=webpage,
+            required=required,
            **kwargs,
        )

+        if po_token:
+            self.write_debug(f'{video_id}: Retrieved a {context.value} PO Token for {client} client')
+            return po_token
+
    def _fetch_po_token(self, client, **kwargs):
-        """(Unstable) External PO Token fetch stub"""
+        context = kwargs.get('context')
+
+        # Avoid fetching PO Tokens when not required
+        fetch_pot_policy = self._configuration_arg('fetch_pot', [''], ie_key=YoutubeIE)[0]
+        if fetch_pot_policy not in ('never', 'auto', 'always'):
+            fetch_pot_policy = 'auto'
+        if (
+            fetch_pot_policy == 'never'
+            or (
+                fetch_pot_policy == 'auto'
+                and _PoTokenContext(context) not in self._get_default_ytcfg(client)['PO_TOKEN_REQUIRED_CONTEXTS']
+                and not kwargs.get('required', False)
+            )
+        ):
+            return None
+
+        headers = self.get_param('http_headers').copy()
+        proxies = self._downloader.proxies.copy()
+        clean_headers(headers)
+        clean_proxies(proxies, headers)
+
+        innertube_host = self._select_api_hostname(None, default_client=client)
+
+        pot_request = PoTokenRequest(
+            context=PoTokenContext(context),
+            innertube_context=traverse_obj(kwargs, ('ytcfg', 'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT')),
+            innertube_host=innertube_host,
+            internal_client_name=client,
+            session_index=kwargs.get('session_index'),
+            player_url=kwargs.get('player_url'),
+            video_webpage=kwargs.get('video_webpage'),
+            is_authenticated=self.is_authenticated,
+            visitor_data=kwargs.get('visitor_data'),
+            data_sync_id=kwargs.get('data_sync_id'),
+            video_id=kwargs.get('video_id'),
+            request_cookiejar=self._downloader.cookiejar,
+
+            # All requests that would need to be proxied should be in the
+            # context of www.youtube.com or the innertube host
+            request_proxy=(
+                select_proxy('https://www.youtube.com', proxies)
+                or select_proxy(f'https://{innertube_host}', proxies)
+            ),
+            request_headers=headers,
+            request_timeout=self.get_param('socket_timeout'),
+            request_verify_tls=not self.get_param('nocheckcertificate'),
+            request_source_address=self.get_param('source_address'),
+
+            bypass_cache=False,
+        )
+
+        return self._pot_director.get_po_token(pot_request)

    @staticmethod
    def _is_agegated(player_response):
@ -3034,6 +3136,8 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                player_url = self._download_player_url(video_id)
                tried_iframe_fallback = True

+            pr = initial_pr if client == 'web' else None
+
            visitor_data = visitor_data or self._extract_visitor_data(master_ytcfg, initial_pr, player_ytcfg)
            data_sync_id = data_sync_id or self._extract_data_sync_id(master_ytcfg, initial_pr, player_ytcfg)

@ -3043,16 +3147,24 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'video_id': video_id,
                'data_sync_id': data_sync_id if self.is_authenticated else None,
                'player_url': player_url if require_js_player else None,
+                'webpage': webpage,
                'session_index': self._extract_session_index(master_ytcfg, player_ytcfg),
-                'ytcfg': player_ytcfg,
+                'ytcfg': player_ytcfg or self._get_default_ytcfg(client),
            }

-            player_po_token = self.fetch_po_token(
+            # Don't need a player PO token for WEB if using player response from webpage
+            player_po_token = None if pr else self.fetch_po_token(
                context=_PoTokenContext.PLAYER, **fetch_po_token_args)

            gvs_po_token = self.fetch_po_token(
                context=_PoTokenContext.GVS, **fetch_po_token_args)

+            fetch_subs_po_token_func = functools.partial(
+                self.fetch_po_token,
+                context=_PoTokenContext.SUBS,
+                **fetch_po_token_args,
+            )
+
            required_pot_contexts = self._get_default_ytcfg(client)['PO_TOKEN_REQUIRED_CONTEXTS']

            if (
@ -3079,7 +3191,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                    only_once=True)
                deprioritize_pr = True

-            pr = initial_pr if client == 'web' else None
            try:
                pr = pr or self._extract_player_response(
                    client, video_id,
@ -3097,10 +3208,13 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
            if pr_id := self._invalid_player_response(pr, video_id):
                skipped_clients[client] = pr_id
            elif pr:
-                # Save client name for introspection later
-                sd = traverse_obj(pr, ('streamingData', {dict})) or {}
+                # Save client details for introspection later
+                innertube_context = traverse_obj(player_ytcfg or self._get_default_ytcfg(client), 'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT')
+                sd = pr.setdefault('streamingData', {})
                sd[STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME] = client
                sd[STREAMING_DATA_INITIAL_PO_TOKEN] = gvs_po_token
+                sd[STREAMING_DATA_INNERTUBE_CONTEXT] = innertube_context
+                sd[STREAMING_DATA_FETCH_SUBS_PO_TOKEN] = fetch_subs_po_token_func
                for f in traverse_obj(sd, (('formats', 'adaptiveFormats'), ..., {dict})):
                    f[STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME] = client
                    f[STREAMING_DATA_INITIAL_PO_TOKEN] = gvs_po_token
@ -3109,9 +3223,19 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                else:
                    prs.append(pr)

+            # web_embedded can work around age-gate and age-verification for some embeddable videos
+            if self._is_agegated(pr) and variant != 'web_embedded':
+                append_client(f'web_embedded.{base_client}')
+            # Unauthenticated users will only get web_embedded client formats if age-gated
+            if self._is_agegated(pr) and not self.is_authenticated:
+                self.to_screen(
+                    f'{video_id}: This video is age-restricted; some formats may be missing '
+                    f'without authentication. {self._youtube_login_hint}', only_once=True)
+
            # EU countries require age-verification for accounts to access age-restricted videos
            # If account is not age-verified, _is_agegated() will be truthy for non-embedded clients
-            if self.is_authenticated and self._is_agegated(pr):
+            embedding_is_disabled = variant == 'web_embedded' and self._is_unplayable(pr)
+            if self.is_authenticated and (self._is_agegated(pr) or embedding_is_disabled):
                self.to_screen(
                    f'{video_id}: This video is age-restricted and YouTube is requiring '
                    'account age-verification; some formats may be missing', only_once=True)
@ -3152,6 +3276,25 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
        else:
            self.report_warning(msg, only_once=True)

+    def _report_pot_subtitles_skipped(self, video_id, client_name, msg=None):
+        msg = msg or (
+            f'{video_id}: Some {client_name} client subtitles require a PO Token which was not provided. '
+            'They will be discarded since they are not downloadable as-is. '
+            f'You can manually pass a Subtitles PO Token for this client with '
+            f'--extractor-args "youtube:po_token={client_name}.subs+XXX" . '
+            f'For more information, refer to  {PO_TOKEN_GUIDE_URL}')
+
+        subs_wanted = any((
+            self.get_param('writesubtitles'),
+            self.get_param('writeautomaticsub'),
+            self.get_param('listsubtitles')))
+
+        # Only raise a warning for non-default clients, to not confuse users.
+        if not subs_wanted or client_name in (*self._DEFAULT_CLIENTS, *self._DEFAULT_AUTHED_CLIENTS):
+            self.write_debug(msg, only_once=True)
+        else:
+            self.report_warning(msg, only_once=True)
+
    def _extract_formats_and_subtitles(self, streaming_data, video_id, player_url, live_status, duration):
        CHUNK_SIZE = 10 << 20
        PREFERRED_LANG_VALUE = 10
@ -3255,8 +3398,15 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                        self._decrypt_signature(encrypted_sig, video_id, player_url),
                    )
                except ExtractorError as e:
-                    self.report_warning('Signature extraction failed: Some formats may be missing',
-                                        video_id=video_id, only_once=True)
+                    self.report_warning(
+                        f'Signature extraction failed: Some formats may be missing\n'
+                        f'         player = {player_url}\n'
+                        f'         {bug_reports_message(before="")}',
+                        video_id=video_id, only_once=True)
+                    self.write_debug(
+                        f'{video_id}: Signature extraction failure info:\n'
+                        f'         encrypted sig = {encrypted_sig}\n'
+                        f'         player = {player_url}')
                    self.write_debug(e, only_once=True)
                    continue

@ -3443,6 +3593,9 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                    hls_manifest_url = hls_manifest_url.rstrip('/') + f'/pot/{po_token}'
                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
                    hls_manifest_url, video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False, live=live_status == 'is_live')
+                for sub in traverse_obj(subs, (..., ..., {dict})):
+                    # HLS subs (m3u8) do not need a PO token; save client name for debugging
+                    sub[STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME] = client_name
                subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subs, subtitles)
                for f in fmts:
                    if process_manifest_format(f, 'hls', client_name, self._search_regex(
@ -3454,6 +3607,9 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                if po_token:
                    dash_manifest_url = dash_manifest_url.rstrip('/') + f'/pot/{po_token}'
                formats, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(dash_manifest_url, video_id, fatal=False)
+                for sub in traverse_obj(subs, (..., ..., {dict})):
+                    # TODO: Investigate if DASH subs ever need a PO token; save client name for debugging
+                    sub[STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME] = client_name
                subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subs, subtitles)  # Prioritize HLS subs over DASH
                for f in formats:
                    if process_manifest_format(f, 'dash', client_name, f['format_id'], po_token):
@ -3645,7 +3801,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
            reason = self._get_text(pemr, 'reason') or get_first(playability_statuses, 'reason')
            subreason = clean_html(self._get_text(pemr, 'subreason') or '')
            if subreason:
-                if subreason == 'The uploader has not made this video available in your country.':
+                if subreason.startswith('The uploader has not made this video available in your country'):
                    countries = get_first(microformats, 'availableCountries')
                    if not countries:
                        regions_allowed = search_meta('regionsAllowed')
@ -3771,53 +3927,94 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
            'tags': keywords,
            'playable_in_embed': get_first(playability_statuses, 'playableInEmbed'),
            'live_status': live_status,
-            'media_type': 'livestream' if get_first(video_details, 'isLiveContent') else None,
+            'media_type': (
+                'livestream' if get_first(video_details, 'isLiveContent')
+                else 'short' if get_first(microformats, 'isShortsEligible')
+                else 'video'),
            'release_timestamp': live_start_time,
            '_format_sort_fields': (  # source_preference is lower for potentially damaged formats
                'quality', 'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'source', 'vcodec', 'channels', 'acodec', 'lang', 'proto'),
        }

+        def get_lang_code(track):
+            return (remove_start(track.get('vssId') or '', '.').replace('.', '-')
+                    or track.get('languageCode'))
+
+        def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, sub_name, client_name, query):
+            lang_subs = container.setdefault(lang_code, [])
+            for fmt in self._SUBTITLE_FORMATS:
+                query = {**query, 'fmt': fmt}
+                lang_subs.append({
+                    'ext': fmt,
+                    'url': urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', update_url_query(base_url, query)),
+                    'name': sub_name,
+                    STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME: client_name,
+                })
+
        subtitles = {}
-        pctr = traverse_obj(player_responses, (..., 'captions', 'playerCaptionsTracklistRenderer'), expected_type=dict)
-        if pctr:
-            def get_lang_code(track):
-                return (remove_start(track.get('vssId') or '', '.').replace('.', '-')
-                        or track.get('languageCode'))
+        skipped_subs_clients = set()

-            # Converted into dicts to remove duplicates
-            captions = {
-                get_lang_code(sub): sub
-                for sub in traverse_obj(pctr, (..., 'captionTracks', ...))}
-            translation_languages = {
-                lang.get('languageCode'): self._get_text(lang.get('languageName'), max_runs=1)
-                for lang in traverse_obj(pctr, (..., 'translationLanguages', ...))}
+        # Only web/mweb clients provide translationLanguages, so include initial_pr in the traversal
+        translation_languages = {
+            lang['languageCode']: self._get_text(lang['languageName'], max_runs=1)
+            for lang in traverse_obj(player_responses, (
+                ..., 'captions', 'playerCaptionsTracklistRenderer', 'translationLanguages',
+                lambda _, v: v['languageCode'] and v['languageName']))
+        }
+        # NB: Constructing the full subtitle dictionary is slow
+        get_translated_subs = 'translated_subs' not in self._configuration_arg('skip') and (
+            self.get_param('writeautomaticsub', False) or self.get_param('listsubtitles'))

-            def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, sub_name, query):
-                lang_subs = container.setdefault(lang_code, [])
-                for fmt in self._SUBTITLE_FORMATS:
-                    query.update({
-                        'fmt': fmt,
-                    })
-                    lang_subs.append({
-                        'ext': fmt,
-                        'url': urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', update_url_query(base_url, query)),
-                        'name': sub_name,
-                    })
+        # Filter out initial_pr which does not have streamingData (smuggled client context)
+        prs = traverse_obj(player_responses, (
+            lambda _, v: v['streamingData'] and v['captions']['playerCaptionsTracklistRenderer']))
+        all_captions = traverse_obj(prs, (
+            ..., 'captions', 'playerCaptionsTracklistRenderer', 'captionTracks', ..., {dict}))
+        need_subs_langs = {get_lang_code(sub) for sub in all_captions if sub.get('kind') != 'asr'}
+        need_caps_langs = {
+            remove_start(get_lang_code(sub), 'a-')
+            for sub in all_captions if sub.get('kind') == 'asr'}

-            # NB: Constructing the full subtitle dictionary is slow
-            get_translated_subs = 'translated_subs' not in self._configuration_arg('skip') and (
-                self.get_param('writeautomaticsub', False) or self.get_param('listsubtitles'))
-            for lang_code, caption_track in captions.items():
-                base_url = caption_track.get('baseUrl')
-                orig_lang = parse_qs(base_url).get('lang', [None])[-1]
-                if not base_url:
-                    continue
+        for pr in prs:
+            pctr = pr['captions']['playerCaptionsTracklistRenderer']
+            client_name = pr['streamingData'][STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME]
+            innertube_client_name = pr['streamingData'][STREAMING_DATA_INNERTUBE_CONTEXT]['client']['clientName']
+            required_contexts = self._get_default_ytcfg(client_name)['PO_TOKEN_REQUIRED_CONTEXTS']
+            fetch_subs_po_token_func = pr['streamingData'][STREAMING_DATA_FETCH_SUBS_PO_TOKEN]
+
+            pot_params = {}
+            already_fetched_pot = False
+
+            for caption_track in traverse_obj(pctr, ('captionTracks', lambda _, v: v['baseUrl'])):
+                base_url = caption_track['baseUrl']
+                qs = parse_qs(base_url)
+                lang_code = get_lang_code(caption_track)
+                requires_pot = (
+                    # We can detect the experiment for now
+                    any(e in traverse_obj(qs, ('exp', ...)) for e in ('xpe', 'xpv'))
+                    or _PoTokenContext.SUBS in required_contexts)
+
+                if not already_fetched_pot:
+                    already_fetched_pot = True
+                    if subs_po_token := fetch_subs_po_token_func(required=requires_pot):
+                        pot_params.update({
+                            'pot': subs_po_token,
+                            'potc': '1',
+                            'c': innertube_client_name,
+                        })
+
+                if not pot_params and requires_pot:
+                    skipped_subs_clients.add(client_name)
+                    self._report_pot_subtitles_skipped(video_id, client_name)
+                    break
+
+                orig_lang = qs.get('lang', [None])[-1]
                lang_name = self._get_text(caption_track, 'name', max_runs=1)
                if caption_track.get('kind') != 'asr':
                    if not lang_code:
                        continue
                    process_language(
-                        subtitles, base_url, lang_code, lang_name, {})
+                        subtitles, base_url, lang_code, lang_name, client_name, pot_params)
                    if not caption_track.get('isTranslatable'):
                        continue
                for trans_code, trans_name in translation_languages.items():
@ -3837,10 +4034,25 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                        # Add an "-orig" label to the original language so that it can be distinguished.
                        # The subs are returned without "-orig" as well for compatibility
                        process_language(
-                            automatic_captions, base_url, f'{trans_code}-orig', f'{trans_name} (Original)', {})
+                            automatic_captions, base_url, f'{trans_code}-orig',
+                            f'{trans_name} (Original)', client_name, pot_params)
                    # Setting tlang=lang returns damaged subtitles.
-                    process_language(automatic_captions, base_url, trans_code, trans_name,
-                                     {} if orig_lang == orig_trans_code else {'tlang': trans_code})
+                    process_language(
+                        automatic_captions, base_url, trans_code, trans_name, client_name,
+                        pot_params if orig_lang == orig_trans_code else {'tlang': trans_code, **pot_params})
+
+            # Avoid duplication if we've already got everything we need
+            need_subs_langs.difference_update(subtitles)
+            need_caps_langs.difference_update(automatic_captions)
+            if not (need_subs_langs or need_caps_langs):
+                break
+
+        if skipped_subs_clients and (need_subs_langs or need_caps_langs):
+            self._report_pot_subtitles_skipped(video_id, True, msg=join_nonempty(
+                f'{video_id}: There are missing subtitles languages because a PO token was not provided.',
+                need_subs_langs and f'Subtitles for these languages are missing: {", ".join(need_subs_langs)}.',
+                need_caps_langs and f'Automatic captions for {len(need_caps_langs)} languages are missing.',
+                delim=' '))

        info['automatic_captions'] = automatic_captions
        info['subtitles'] = subtitles
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/pot/README.md
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/pot/README.md
@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+# YoutubeIE PO Token Provider Framework
+
+As part of the YouTube extractor, we have a framework for providing PO Tokens programmatically. This can be used by plugins.
+
+Refer to the [PO Token Guide](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/PO-Token-Guide) for more information on PO Tokens.
+
+> [!TIP]
+> If publishing a PO Token Provider plugin to GitHub, add the [yt-dlp-pot-provider](https://github.com/topics/yt-dlp-pot-provider) topic to your repository to help users find it.
+
+
+## Public APIs
+
+- `yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.cache`
+- `yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.provider`
+- `yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.utils`
+
+Everything else is internal-only and no guarantees are made about the API stability.
+
+> [!WARNING]
+> We will try our best to maintain stability with the public APIs.
+> However, due to the nature of extractors and YouTube, we may need to remove or change APIs in the future.
+> If you are using these APIs outside yt-dlp plugins, please account for this by importing them safely.
+
+## PO Token Provider
+
+`yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.provider`
+
+```python
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.provider import (
+    PoTokenRequest,
+    PoTokenContext,
+    PoTokenProvider,
+    PoTokenResponse,
+    PoTokenProviderError,
+    PoTokenProviderRejectedRequest,
+    register_provider,
+    register_preference,
+    ExternalRequestFeature,
+)
+from yt_dlp.networking.common import Request
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.utils import get_webpo_content_binding
+from yt_dlp.utils import traverse_obj
+from yt_dlp.networking.exceptions import RequestError
+import json
+
+
+@register_provider
+class MyPoTokenProviderPTP(PoTokenProvider):  # Provider class name must end with "PTP"
+    PROVIDER_VERSION = '0.2.1'
+    # Define a unique display name for the provider
+    PROVIDER_NAME = 'my-provider'
+    BUG_REPORT_LOCATION = 'https://issues.example.com/report'
+
+    # -- Validation shortcuts. Set these to None to disable. --
+
+    # Innertube Client Name.
+    # For example, "WEB", "ANDROID", "TVHTML5".
+    # For a list of WebPO client names, 
+    #  see yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.utils.WEBPO_CLIENTS.
+    # Also see yt_dlp.extractor.youtube._base.INNERTUBE_CLIENTS 
+    #  for a list of client names currently supported by the YouTube extractor.
+    _SUPPORTED_CLIENTS = ('WEB', 'TVHTML5')
+
+    _SUPPORTED_CONTEXTS = (
+        PoTokenContext.GVS,
+    )
+
+    # If your provider makes external requests to websites (i.e. to youtube.com) 
+    #  using another library or service (i.e., not _request_webpage),
+    # set the request features that are supported here.
+    # If only using _request_webpage to make external requests, set this to None.
+    _SUPPORTED_EXTERNAL_REQUEST_FEATURES = (
+        ExternalRequestFeature.PROXY_SCHEME_HTTP, 
+        ExternalRequestFeature.SOURCE_ADDRESS, 
+        ExternalRequestFeature.DISABLE_TLS_VERIFICATION
+    )
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if the provider is available (e.g. all required dependencies are available)
+        This is used to determine if the provider should be used and to provide debug information.
+
+        IMPORTANT: This method SHOULD NOT make any network requests or perform any expensive operations.
+
+        Since this is called multiple times, we recommend caching the result.
+        """
+        return True
+
+    def close(self):
+        # Optional close hook, called when YoutubeDL is closed.
+        pass
+
+    def _real_request_pot(self, request: PoTokenRequest) -> PoTokenResponse:
+        # ℹ️ If you need to validate the request before making the request to the external source.
+        # Raise yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.provider.PoTokenProviderRejectedRequest if the request is not supported.
+        if request.is_authenticated:
+            raise PoTokenProviderRejectedRequest(
+                'This provider does not support authenticated requests'
+            )
+
+        # ℹ️ Settings are pulled from extractor args passed to yt-dlp with the key `youtubepot-<PROVIDER_KEY>`.
+        # For this example, the extractor arg would be:
+        # `--extractor-args "youtubepot-mypotokenprovider:url=https://custom.example.com/get_pot"`
+        external_provider_url = self._configuration_arg(
+            'url', default=['https://provider.example.com/get_pot'])[0]
+        
+        # See below for logging guidelines
+        self.logger.trace(f'Using external provider URL: {external_provider_url}')
+        
+        # You should use the internal HTTP client to make requests where possible,
+        # as it will handle cookies and other networking settings passed to yt-dlp.
+        try:
+            # See docstring in _request_webpage method for request tips
+            response = self._request_webpage(
+                Request(external_provider_url, data=json.dumps({
+                    'content_binding': get_webpo_content_binding(request),
+                    'proxy': request.request_proxy,
+                    'headers': request.request_headers,
+                    'source_address': request.request_source_address,
+                    'verify_tls': request.request_verify_tls,
+                    # Important: If your provider has its own caching, please respect `bypass_cache`.
+                    # This may be used in the future to request a fresh PO Token if required.
+                    'do_not_cache': request.bypass_cache,
+                }).encode(), proxies={'all': None}), 
+                pot_request=request, 
+                note=(
+                  f'Requesting {request.context.value} PO Token '
+                  f'for {request.internal_client_name} client from external provider'),
+            )
+
+        except RequestError as e:
+            # ℹ️ If there is an error, raise PoTokenProviderError.
+            # You can specify whether it is expected or not. If it is unexpected, 
+            #  the log will include a link to the bug report location (BUG_REPORT_LOCATION).
+            raise PoTokenProviderError(
+                'Networking error while fetching to get PO Token from external provider',
+                expected=True
+            ) from e
+
+        # Note: PO Token is expected to be base64url encoded
+        po_token = traverse_obj(response, 'po_token')
+        if not po_token:
+            raise PoTokenProviderError(
+                'Bad PO Token Response from external provider',
+                expected=False
+            )
+
+        return PoTokenResponse(
+            po_token=po_token,
+            # Optional, add a custom expiration timestamp for the token. Use for caching.
+            # By default, yt-dlp will use the default ttl from a registered cache spec (see below)
+            # Set to 0 or -1 to not cache this response.
+            expires_at=None,
+        )
+
+
+# If there are multiple PO Token Providers that can handle the same PoTokenRequest,
+# you can define a preference function to increase/decrease the priority of providers.
+
+@register_preference(MyPoTokenProviderPTP)
+def my_provider_preference(provider: PoTokenProvider, request: PoTokenRequest) -> int:
+    return 50
+```
+
+## Logging Guidelines
+
+- Use the `self.logger` object to log messages.
+- When making HTTP requests or any other expensive operation, use `self.logger.info` to log a message to standard non-verbose output.
+  - This lets users know what is happening when a time-expensive operation is taking place.
+  - It is recommended to include the PO Token context and internal client name in the message if possible.
+  - For example, `self.logger.info(f'Requesting {request.context.value} PO Token for {request.internal_client_name} client from external provider')`.
+- Use `self.logger.debug` to log a message to the verbose output (`--verbose`).
+  - For debugging information visible to users posting verbose logs.
+  - Try to not log too much, prefer using trace logging for detailed debug messages.
+- Use `self.logger.trace` to log a message to the PO Token debug output (`--extractor-args "youtube:pot_trace=true"`). 
+  - Log as much as you like here as needed for debugging your provider.
+- Avoid logging PO Tokens or any sensitive information to debug or info output.
+
+## Debugging
+
+- Use `-v --extractor-args "youtube:pot_trace=true"` to enable PO Token debug output.
+
+## Caching
+
+> [!WARNING]
+> The following describes more advance features that most users/developers will not need to use.
+
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> yt-dlp currently has a built-in LRU Memory Cache Provider and a cache spec provider for WebPO Tokens. 
+> You should only need to implement cache providers if you want an external cache, or a cache spec if you are handling non-WebPO Tokens.
+
+### Cache Providers
+
+`yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.cache`
+
+```python
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.cache import (
+    PoTokenCacheProvider,
+    register_preference,
+    register_provider
+)
+
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.provider import PoTokenRequest
+
+
+@register_provider
+class MyCacheProviderPCP(PoTokenCacheProvider):  # Provider class name must end with "PCP"
+    PROVIDER_VERSION = '0.1.0'
+    # Define a unique display name for the provider
+    PROVIDER_NAME = 'my-cache-provider'
+    BUG_REPORT_LOCATION = 'https://issues.example.com/report'
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if the provider is available (e.g. all required dependencies are available)
+        This is used to determine if the provider should be used and to provide debug information.
+
+        IMPORTANT: This method SHOULD NOT make any network requests or perform any expensive operations.
+
+        Since this is called multiple times, we recommend caching the result.
+        """
+        return True
+
+    def get(self, key: str):
+        # ℹ️ Similar to PO Token Providers, Cache Providers and Cache Spec Providers 
+        # are passed down extractor args matching key youtubepot-<PROVIDER_KEY>.
+        some_setting = self._configuration_arg('some_setting', default=['default_value'])[0]
+        return self.my_cache.get(key)
+
+    def store(self, key: str, value: str, expires_at: int):
+        # ⚠ expires_at MUST be respected. 
+        # Cache entries should not be returned if they have expired.
+        self.my_cache.store(key, value, expires_at)
+
+    def delete(self, key: str):
+        self.my_cache.delete(key)
+
+    def close(self):
+        # Optional close hook, called when the YoutubeDL instance is closed.
+        pass
+
+# If there are multiple PO Token Cache Providers available, you can 
+# define a preference function to increase/decrease the priority of providers. 
+
+# IMPORTANT: Providers should be in preference of cache lookup time. 
+# For example, a memory cache should have a higher preference than a disk cache. 
+
+# VERY IMPORTANT: yt-dlp has a built-in memory cache with a priority of 10000. 
+# Your cache provider should be lower than this.
+
+
+@register_preference(MyCacheProviderPCP)
+def my_cache_preference(provider: PoTokenCacheProvider, request: PoTokenRequest) -> int:
+    return 50
+```
+
+### Cache Specs
+
+`yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.cache`
+
+These are used to provide information on how to cache a particular PO Token Request. 
+You might have a different cache spec for different kinds of PO Tokens.
+
+```python
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.cache import (
+    PoTokenCacheSpec,
+    PoTokenCacheSpecProvider,
+    CacheProviderWritePolicy,
+    register_spec,
+)
+from yt_dlp.utils import traverse_obj
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.provider import PoTokenRequest
+
+
+@register_spec
+class MyCacheSpecProviderPCSP(PoTokenCacheSpecProvider):  # Provider class name must end with "PCSP"
+    PROVIDER_VERSION = '0.1.0'
+    # Define a unique display name for the provider
+    PROVIDER_NAME = 'mycachespec'
+    BUG_REPORT_LOCATION = 'https://issues.example.com/report'
+
+    def generate_cache_spec(self, request: PoTokenRequest):
+
+        client_name = traverse_obj(request.innertube_context, ('client', 'clientName'))
+        if client_name != 'ANDROID':
+            # ℹ️ If the request is not supported by the cache spec, return None
+            return None
+
+        # Generate a cache spec for the request
+        return PoTokenCacheSpec(
+            # Key bindings to uniquely identify the request. These are used to generate a cache key.
+            key_bindings={
+                'client_name': client_name,
+                'content_binding': 'unique_content_binding',
+                'ip': traverse_obj(request.innertube_context, ('client', 'remoteHost')),
+                'source_address': request.request_source_address,
+                'proxy': request.request_proxy,
+            },
+            # Default Cache TTL in seconds
+            default_ttl=21600,
+
+            # Optional: Specify a write policy.
+            # WRITE_FIRST will write to the highest priority provider only, 
+            #  whereas WRITE_ALL will write to all providers.
+            # WRITE_FIRST may be useful if the PO Token is short-lived 
+            #  and there is no use writing to all providers.
+            write_policy=CacheProviderWritePolicy.WRITE_ALL,
+        )
+```
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/pot/init.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/pot/init.py
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Trigger import of built-in providers
+from ._builtin.memory_cache import MemoryLRUPCP as _MemoryLRUPCP  # noqa: F401
+from ._builtin.webpo_cachespec import WebPoPCSP as _WebPoPCSP  # noqa: F401
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/pot/_builtin/init.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/pot/_builtin/init.py
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/pot/_builtin/memory_cache.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/pot/_builtin/memory_cache.py
@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import datetime as dt
+import typing
+from threading import Lock
+
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot._provider import BuiltinIEContentProvider
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot._registry import _pot_memory_cache
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.cache import (
+    PoTokenCacheProvider,
+    register_preference,
+    register_provider,
+)
+
+
+def initialize_global_cache(max_size: int):
+    if _pot_memory_cache.value.get('cache') is None:
+        _pot_memory_cache.value['cache'] = {}
+        _pot_memory_cache.value['lock'] = Lock()
+        _pot_memory_cache.value['max_size'] = max_size
+
+    if _pot_memory_cache.value['max_size'] != max_size:
+        raise ValueError('Cannot change max_size of initialized global memory cache')
+
+    return (
+        _pot_memory_cache.value['cache'],
+        _pot_memory_cache.value['lock'],
+        _pot_memory_cache.value['max_size'],
+    )
+
+
+@register_provider
+class MemoryLRUPCP(PoTokenCacheProvider, BuiltinIEContentProvider):
+    PROVIDER_NAME = 'memory'
+    DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE = 25
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *args,
+        initialize_cache: typing.Callable[[int], tuple[dict[str, tuple[str, int]], Lock, int]] = initialize_global_cache,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.cache, self.lock, self.max_size = initialize_cache(self.DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE)
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    def get(self, key: str) -> str | None:
+        with self.lock:
+            if key not in self.cache:
+                return None
+            value, expires_at = self.cache.pop(key)
+            if expires_at < int(dt.datetime.now(dt.timezone.utc).timestamp()):
+                return None
+            self.cache[key] = (value, expires_at)
+            return value
+
+    def store(self, key: str, value: str, expires_at: int):
+        with self.lock:
+            if expires_at < int(dt.datetime.now(dt.timezone.utc).timestamp()):
+                return
+            if key in self.cache:
+                self.cache.pop(key)
+            self.cache[key] = (value, expires_at)
+            if len(self.cache) > self.max_size:
+                oldest_key = next(iter(self.cache))
+                self.cache.pop(oldest_key)
+
+    def delete(self, key: str):
+        with self.lock:
+            self.cache.pop(key, None)
+
+
+@register_preference(MemoryLRUPCP)
+def memorylru_preference(*_, **__):
+    # Memory LRU Cache SHOULD be the highest priority
+    return 10000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/pot/_builtin/webpo_cachespec.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/pot/_builtin/webpo_cachespec.py
@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot._provider import BuiltinIEContentProvider
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.cache import (
+    CacheProviderWritePolicy,
+    PoTokenCacheSpec,
+    PoTokenCacheSpecProvider,
+    register_spec,
+)
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.provider import (
+    PoTokenRequest,
+)
+from yt_dlp.extractor.youtube.pot.utils import ContentBindingType, get_webpo_content_binding
+from yt_dlp.utils import traverse_obj
+
+
+@register_spec
+class WebPoPCSP(PoTokenCacheSpecProvider, BuiltinIEContentProvider):
+    PROVIDER_NAME = 'webpo'
+
+    def generate_cache_spec(self, request: PoTokenRequest) -> PoTokenCacheSpec | None:
+        bind_to_visitor_id = self._configuration_arg(
+            'bind_to_visitor_id', default=['true'])[0] == 'true'
+
+        content_binding, content_binding_type = get_webpo_content_binding(
+            request, bind_to_visitor_id=bind_to_visitor_id)
+
+        if not content_binding or not content_binding_type:
+            return None
+
+        write_policy = CacheProviderWritePolicy.WRITE_ALL
+        if content_binding_type == ContentBindingType.VIDEO_ID:
+            write_policy = CacheProviderWritePolicy.WRITE_FIRST
+
+        return PoTokenCacheSpec(
+            key_bindings={
+                't': 'webpo',
+                'cb': content_binding,
+                'cbt': content_binding_type.value,
+                'ip': traverse_obj(request.innertube_context, ('client', 'remoteHost')),
+                'sa': request.request_source_address,
+                'px': request.request_proxy,
+            },
+            # Integrity token response usually states it has a ttl of 12 hours (43200 seconds).
+            # We will default to 6 hours to be safe.
+            default_ttl=21600,
+            write_policy=write_policy,
+        )
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Simon Sawicki	73bf102116	[test] `traversal`: Fix morsel tests for Python 3.14 (#13471 ) Authored by: Grub4K	2025-06-17 09:45:19 +02:00
doe1080	1722c55400	[ie/hypergryph] Improve metadata extraction (#13415 ) Closes #13384 Authored by: doe1080, eason1478 Co-authored-by: eason1478 <134664337+eason1478@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-06-12 23:25:08 +00:00
doe1080	e6bd4a3da2	[ie/brightcove:new] Improve metadata extraction (#13461 ) Authored by: doe1080	2025-06-12 23:16:48 +00:00
bashonly	51887484e4	[ie] Add `_search_nuxt_json` helper (#13386 ) * Adds InfoExtractor._search_nuxt_json for webpage extraction * Adds InfoExtractor._resolve_nuxt_array for direct use with payload JSON * Adds yt_dlp.utils.jslib module for Python solutions to common JavaScript libraries * Adds devalue.parse and devalue.parse_iter to jslib utils Ref: * `9e503be0f2` * `f3fd2aa93d/src/parse.js` Authored by: bashonly, Grub4K Co-authored-by: Simon Sawicki <contact@grub4k.dev>	2025-06-12 22:15:01 +00:00
github-actions[bot]	ba090caeaa	Release 2025.06.09 Created by: bashonly :ci skip all	2025-06-09 23:41:52 +00:00
bashonly	339614a173	[cleanup] Misc (#13278 ) Authored by: bashonly	2025-06-09 23:39:00 +00:00
nullpos	aa863ddab9	[ie/cu.ntv.co.jp] Fix extractor (#13302 ) Closes #10976 Authored by: nullpos, doe1080 Co-authored-by: doe1080 <98906116+doe1080@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-06-08 00:45:32 +00:00
InvalidUsernameException	db162b76f6	[ie/zdf] Fix language extraction and format sorting (#13313 ) Closes #13118 Authored by: InvalidUsernameException	2025-06-08 00:10:01 +00:00
doe1080	e3c605a61f	[ie/sr:mediathek] Improve metadata extraction (#13294 ) Authored by: doe1080	2025-06-08 00:06:57 +00:00
doe1080	97ddfefeb4	[ie/nobelprize] Fix extractor (#13205 ) Authored by: doe1080	2025-06-08 00:04:32 +00:00
doe1080	a8bf0011bd	[ie/startrek] Fix extractor (#13188 ) Authored by: doe1080	2025-06-07 23:16:31 +00:00
c-basalt	13e5516271	[ie/BiliBiliBangumi] Fix extractor (#13416 ) Closes #13121 Authored by: c-basalt	2025-06-07 23:14:57 +00:00
bashonly	03dba2012d	[ie/telecinco] Fix extractor (#13379 ) Closes #13378 Authored by: bashonly	2025-06-06 22:02:26 +00:00
bashonly	5d96527be8	[ie/stacommu] Avoid partial stream formats (#13412 ) Authored by: bashonly	2025-06-06 21:53:30 +00:00
gamer191	1fd0e88b67	[ie/youtube] Add `tv_simply` player client (#13389 ) Authored by: gamer191	2025-06-06 21:50:36 +00:00
gamer191	231349786e	[ie/youtube] Extract srt subtitles (#13411 ) Closes #1734 Authored by: gamer191	2025-06-06 19:32:03 +00:00
Sipherdrakon	f37d599a69	[ie/aenetworks] Fix playlist extractors (#13408 ) Fix 41952255d114163c43caa2b07416210cbe7709b3 Authored by: Sipherdrakon	2025-06-06 09:50:21 +00:00
Simon Sawicki	9e38b273b7	[ie/youtube] Rework nsig function name extraction (#13403 ) Closes #13401 Authored by: Grub4K	2025-06-05 23:50:58 +02:00
doe1080	4e7c1ea346	[ie/umg:de] Rework extractor (#13373 ) Authored by: doe1080	2025-06-03 19:20:46 +00:00
barsnick	e1b6062f8c	[ie/svt:play] Fix extractor (#13329 ) Closes #13312 Authored by: barsnick, bashonly Co-authored-by: bashonly <88596187+bashonly@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-06-03 02:29:03 +00:00
bashonly	c723c4e5e7	[ie/vimeo] Extract subtitles from player subdomain (#13350 ) Closes #12198 Authored by: bashonly	2025-06-01 23:20:29 +00:00
bashonly	148a1eb4c5	[ie/odnoklassniki] Detect and raise when login is required (#13361 ) Closes #13360 Authored by: bashonly	2025-06-01 23:18:24 +00:00
bashonly	85c8a405e3	[ie] Improve JSON LD thumbnails extraction (#13368 ) Authored by: bashonly, doe1080 Co-authored-by: doe1080 <98906116+doe1080@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-06-01 23:09:47 +00:00
Sipherdrakon	943083edcd	[ie/adobepass] Fix Philo MSO authentication (#13335 ) Closes #2603 Authored by: Sipherdrakon	2025-06-01 17:26:33 +00:00
bashonly	3fe72e9eea	[ie/weverse] Support login with oauth refresh tokens (#13284 ) Closes #7806 Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-30 23:20:59 +00:00
bashonly	d30a49742c	[ie/youtube] Improve signature extraction debug output (#13327 ) Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-30 23:16:47 +00:00
bashonly	6d265388c6	[ie/10play] Fix extractor (#13349 ) Closes #12337 Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-30 22:51:25 +00:00
bashonly	a9b3700698	[test:postprocessors] Remove binary thumbnail test data (#13341 ) Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-30 22:48:48 +00:00
bashonly	201812100f	[build] Fix macOS requirements caching (#13328 ) Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-28 18:13:48 +00:00
bashonly	cc749a8a3b	[build] Exclude `pkg_resources` from being collected (#13320 ) Closes #13311 Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-27 23:11:58 +00:00
bashonly	f7bbf5a617	[ie/youtube] nsig code improvements and cleanup (#13280 ) Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-26 22:54:43 +00:00
Brian	b5be29fa58	[ie/youtube] Fix `--mark-watched` support (#13222 ) Closes #11532 Authored by: iednod55, brian6932 Co-authored-by: iednod55 <210167282+iednod55@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-05-26 22:31:22 +00:00
bashonly	6121559e02	[ie/vice] Mark extractors as broken (#13131 ) Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-26 15:57:19 -05:00
Max	2e5bf002da	[ie/go] Fix provider-locked content extraction (#13131 ) Closes #1770, Closes #8073 Authored by: maxbin123, bashonly Co-authored-by: bashonly <88596187+bashonly@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-05-26 15:57:19 -05:00
Max	6693d66033	[ie/aenetworks] Fix provider-locked content extraction (#13131 ) Authored by: maxbin123	2025-05-26 15:57:19 -05:00
Max	b094747e93	[ie/WatchESPN] Fix provider-locked content extraction (#13131 ) Closes #4662 Authored by: maxbin123	2025-05-26 15:57:19 -05:00
bashonly	98f8eec956	[ie/brightcove:new] Adapt to new AdobePass requirement (#13131 ) Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-26 15:57:19 -05:00
bashonly	0daddc780d	[ie/turner] Adapt extractors to new AdobePass flow (#13131 ) Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-26 15:57:19 -05:00
bashonly	2d7949d564	[ie/nbc] Rework and adapt extractors to new AdobePass flow (#13131 ) Closes #1032, Closes #10874, Closes #11148, Closes #12432 Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-26 15:57:19 -05:00
bashonly	ed108b3ea4	[ie/theplatform] Improve metadata extraction (#13131 ) Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-26 15:57:19 -05:00
Max	eee90acc47	[ie/adobepass] Add Fubo MSO (#13131 ) Closes #8287 Authored by: maxbin123	2025-05-26 15:57:19 -05:00
Max	711c5d5d09	[ie/adobepass] Rework to require software statement (#13131 ) * Also removes broken cookie support Closes #11811 Authored by: maxbin123, bashonly Co-authored-by: bashonly <88596187+bashonly@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-05-26 15:57:19 -05:00
bashonly	89c1b349ad	[ie/adobepass] Validate login URL before sending credentials (#13131 ) Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-26 15:57:19 -05:00
bashonly	0ee1102268	[ie/adobepass] Always add newer user-agent when required (#13131 ) Fix dcfeea4dd5e5686821350baa6c7767a011944867 Closes #516 Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-26 15:57:19 -05:00
doe1080	7794374de8	[ie/twitter:broadcast] Support events URLs (#13248 ) Closes #12989 Authored by: doe1080	2025-05-23 19:25:56 +00:00
bashonly	538eb30567	[ie/podchaser] Fix extractor (#13271 ) Closes #13269 Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-23 17:42:24 +00:00
doe1080	f8051e3a61	[ie/toutiao] Add extractor (#13246 ) Closes #12125 Authored by: doe1080	2025-05-23 17:29:55 +00:00
bashonly	52f9729c9a	[ie/twitcasting] Fix password-protected livestream support (#13097 ) Closes #13096 Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-23 12:58:53 +00:00
bashonly	1a8a03ea8d	[ie/patreon] Fix referer header used for embeds (#13276 ) Fix e0d6c0822930f6e63f574d46d946a58b73ecd10c Closes #13263 Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-23 12:53:36 +00:00
bashonly	e0d6c08229	[ie/patreon] Fix m3u8 formats extraction (#13266 ) Closes #13263 Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-22 22:42:42 +00:00
bashonly	53ea743a9c	[ie/youtube] Fix automatic captions for some client combinations (#13268 ) Fix 32ed5f107c6c641958d1cd2752e130de4db55a13 Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-22 22:41:31 +00:00
github-actions[bot]	415b4c9f95	Release 2025.05.22 Created by: bashonly :ci skip all	2025-05-22 09:49:11 +00:00
bashonly	7977b329ed	[cleanup] Misc (#13166 ) Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-22 09:33:11 +00:00
Matt Broadway	e491fd4d09	[cookies] Fix Linux desktop environment detection (#13197 ) Closes #12885 Authored by: mbway	2025-05-22 09:22:11 +00:00
bashonly	32ed5f107c	[ie/youtube] Add PO token support for subtitles (#13234 ) Closes #13075 Authored by: bashonly, coletdjnz Co-authored-by: coletdjnz <coletdjnz@protonmail.com>	2025-05-22 09:13:42 +00:00
sepro	167d7a9f0f	[jsinterp] Fix increment/decrement evaluation (#13238 ) Closes #13241 Authored by: seproDev, bashonly Co-authored-by: bashonly <88596187+bashonly@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-05-21 22:27:07 +00:00
garret1317	83fabf3524	[ie/xinpianchang] Fix extractor (#13245 ) Closes #12737 Authored by: garret1317	2025-05-21 18:29:35 +00:00
bashonly	00b1bec552	[ie/twitch] Support `--live-from-start` (#13202 ) Closes #10520 Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-20 21:53:54 +00:00
Yasin Özel	c7e575e316	[ie/youtube] Fix geo-restriction error handling (#13217 ) Authored by: yozel	2025-05-20 21:39:27 +00:00
Subrat Lima	31e090cb78	[ie/picarto:vod] Support `/profile/` video URLs (#13227 ) Closes #13192 Authored by: subrat-lima	2025-05-20 21:37:21 +00:00
bashonly	545c1a5b6f	[ie/vimeo:event] Add extractor (#13216 ) Closes #1608 Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-20 18:28:34 +00:00
bashonly	f569be4602	[ie/niconico] Fix error handling (#13236 ) Closes #11430 Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-20 18:25:27 +00:00
coletdjnz	2685654a37	[ie/youtube] Add a PO Token Provider Framework (#12840 ) https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/tree/master/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/pot/README.md Authored by: coletdjnz	2025-05-18 13:45:26 +12:00
Povilas Balzaravičius	abf58dcd6a	[ie/LRTRadio] Fix extractor (#13200 ) Authored by: Pawka	2025-05-17 20:37:00 +00:00
Geoffrey Frogeye	20f288bdc2	[ie/nebula] Support `--mark-watched` (#13120 ) Authored by: GeoffreyFrogeye	2025-05-16 23:24:30 +00:00
bashonly	f475e8b529	[ie/once] Remove extractor (#13164 ) Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-16 23:16:58 +00:00
bashonly	41c0a1fb89	[ie/1tv] Fix extractor (#13168 ) Closes #13167 Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-16 23:16:03 +00:00
Jan Baier	a7d9a5eb79	[ie/iprima] Fix login support (#12937 ) Closes #12387 Authored by: baierjan	2025-05-16 23:04:24 +00:00
Subrat Lima	586b557b12	[ie/jiosaavn:artist] Add extractor (#12803 ) Closes #10823 Authored by: subrat-lima	2025-05-11 03:01:13 -05:00
Subrat Lima	317f4b8006	[ie/jiosaavn:show:playlist] Add extractor (#12803 ) Closes #12766 Authored by: subrat-lima	2025-05-11 03:01:13 -05:00
Subrat Lima	6839276496	[ie/jiosaavn:show] Add extractor (#12803 ) Closes #12766 Authored by: subrat-lima	2025-05-11 03:01:13 -05:00
bashonly	cbcfe6378d	[ie/sprout] Remove extractor (#13149 ) Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-10 23:22:53 +00:00
bashonly	7dbb47f84f	[ie/cartoonnetwork] Remove extractor (#13148 ) Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-10 23:22:38 +00:00
bashonly	464c84fedf	[ie/amcnetworks] Fix extractor (#13147 ) Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-10 23:15:12 +00:00
doe1080	7a7b85c901	[ie/niconico:live] Fix extractor (#13045 ) Authored by: doe1080	2025-05-10 22:46:28 +00:00
v3DJG6GL	d880e06080	[ie/playsuisse] Improve metadata extraction (#12466 ) Authored by: v3DJG6GL	2025-05-10 22:37:04 +00:00
bashonly	ded11ebc9a	[ie/youtube] Extract `media_type` for all videos (#13136 ) Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-10 22:33:57 +00:00
diman8	ea8498ed53	[ie/SVTPage] Fix extractor (#12957 ) Closes #13142 Authored by: diman8	2025-05-10 08:53:59 +00:00
bashonly	b26bc32579	[ie/nytimesarticle] Fix extraction (#13104 ) Closes #13098 Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-06 20:32:41 +00:00
bashonly	f123cc83b3	[ie/wat.tv] Improve error handling (#13111 ) Closes #8191 Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-05 15:03:07 +00:00
bashonly	0feec6dc13	[ie/youtube] Add `web_embedded` client for age-restricted videos (#13089 ) Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-03 20:11:40 +00:00
bashonly	1d0f6539c4	[ie/bitchute] Fix extractor (#13081 ) Closes #13080 Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-03 19:31:33 +00:00
bashonly	17cf9088d0	[build] Bump PyInstaller to v6.13.0 (#13082 ) Ref: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10294 Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-03 17:10:31 +00:00
bashonly	9064d2482d	[build] Bump run-on-arch-action to v3 (#13088 ) Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-03 17:08:24 +00:00
Abdulmohsen	8f303afb43	[ie/youtube] Fix `--live-from-start` support for premieres (#13079 ) Closes #8543 Authored by: arabcoders	2025-05-03 15:23:28 +00:00
bashonly	5328eda882	[ie/weverse] Fix live extraction (#13084 ) Closes #12883 Authored by: bashonly	2025-05-03 07:19:52 +00:00