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63
docs/Grammar/Cases/Accusative.md
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docs/Grammar/Cases/Accusative.md
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# Accusative
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* Direct object of a verb
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### Nouns
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| Masculine | Feminine | Neutral | Plural |
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|-------------------------------|-----------------------------------|-------------------------|------------------------------------------|
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| Inanimate? -> No change | (ends in soft sign?) -> No change | Inanimate? -> No change | Inanimate? -> Use [nominative plural case](./Nominative.md) |
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| (ends in consonant) -> add -а | -а -> -у | | Animate? -> Use [genitive plural case](./Genitive.md) |
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| -й -> -я | -я -> -ю | | |
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| -ь -> -я | | | |
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### Pronouns
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* Меня
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* Тебя
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* Его
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* Её
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* Нас
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* Вас
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* Их
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### Examples
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**I see a cat**
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Я вижу кошку
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(Я, видеть, кошка)
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---
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**I read a book**
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Я читаю книгу
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(Я, читать, книга)
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---
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**I love you**
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Я люблю тебя
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(Я, любить, ты)
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---
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**I see them**
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Я вижу их
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(Я, видеть, они)
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---
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**I love your cat**
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Я люблю твою кошку
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(Я, любить, твой, кошка)
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45
docs/Grammar/Cases/Dative.md
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docs/Grammar/Cases/Dative.md
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# Dative
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* Indirect object of a verb
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I give you flowers -> "you" is dative
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### Nouns
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| Masculine | Feminine | Neutral | Plural |
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|-------------------------------|-----------------------------------|-------------------------|------------------------------------------|
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| (ends in consonant) -> add -у | -а -> -е | -о -> -у | (ends in consonant) -> add -ам |
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| -й -> -ю | -я -> -е | -е -> -ю | -а or -о -> replace to -ам |
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| -ь -> -ю | -ь -> -и | | else -> replace last letter with -ям |
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| | -ия -> -ии | | |
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### Pronouns
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* Мне
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* Тебе
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* Ему (m)
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* Ей (f)
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* Ему (n)
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* Нам
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* Вам
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* Им
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### When to use the Dative case
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1. It is used after the Russian verbs "Помогать" ("to help") and "Советоват" ("to advise"). (ie. instead of using the accusative case, as you may have expected).
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2. With "Нравиться" ("to like"). Example : "Адаму нравится Москва" ("Adam likes Moscow").
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3. It is also used in conjuction with some other reflexive verbs (-ся).
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4. When using the word "Нужен" (to need). (the word you would expect as the subject, is used in the dative).
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5. To represent the concept of sending or communicating something. Like the English word "to". (example: write to, bring to, call (by telephone) to).
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6. To express your age.
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### Examples
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I give you flowers
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Я дам тебе цветы
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(Я, дать, тебе, цветок)
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docs/Grammar/Cases/Genitive.md
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docs/Grammar/Cases/Genitive.md
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# Genitive
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* Amount
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* One cat, two cats, five cats
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* Один кот, два кота, пять котов
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* Negation
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* There is no cat
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* Нет кота
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## Nouns
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### Singular
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| Masculine | Feminine | Neutral |
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|-------------------------------|-----------------------------------|-------------------------|
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| (ends in consonant) -> add -а | (Г, К, Х, Ж, Ч, Ш, Щ) + -а -> -и (otherwise) -а -> -ы | |
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| -й -> -я | -ь -> -и | о -> а |
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| -ь -> -я | -я -> -и | е -> я |
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| | | мя -> мени |
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### Plurals
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| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
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|----------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|----------|
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| (ends in consonant) -> -ов | | |
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| (ends in ж, ч, ш or щ) -> -ей | | |
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| -й -> -ев | -а -> - | -о -> - |
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| -ь -> -ей | -я -> -ь | -е -> -ей |
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| | -ия -> -ий | -ие -> -ий |
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| | -ь -> -ей | |
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## Examples
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I don't have a cat
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У меня нет кота
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(У меня, нет, кот)
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---
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This is the door of the house
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Это дверь дома
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(Это, дверь, дом)
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14
docs/Grammar/Cases/Nominative.md
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docs/Grammar/Cases/Nominative.md
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# Nominative Case
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* Base form of a noun
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* Change the ending only when forming the plural
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## Plural
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| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
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|---------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|----------|
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| (ends in consonant) -> -ы | | |
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| -й -> -и | -я -> -и | -о -> -а |
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| -ь -> -и | -ь -> -и | -е -> -я |
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| | (Г, К, Х, Ж, Ч, Ш, Щ) + -а -> -и (otherwise) -а -> -ы | |
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66
docs/Grammar/Cases/Prepositional.md
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docs/Grammar/Cases/Prepositional.md
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# Prepositional
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Use it after:
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* В
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* На
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* О
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## Nouns
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### Singular
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| Masculine | Feminine | Neutral |
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|-------------------------------|-----------------------------------|-------------------------|
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| add -е | -а -> -е | -о -> -е |
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| Some nouns (mostly single syllable) “-у” (but not after preposition “о”) | | -я -> е |
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| | | -ь -> и |
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### Plurals
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Take the nominative singular form and:
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* -а, -о, or ends with a consonant -> -ах
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* otherwise replace last letter -> -ях
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## When to use "В"
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Generally, use it when you're talking about **something that is inside of something else**.
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### When something is inside
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* в доме
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* в самолёте
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* в квартире
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* в столе
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### Continents, countries, cities, locations
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* в Европе
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* в Америке
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## When to use "На"
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Generally, use it when you're talking about something that is **on a horizontal surface** or when you're talking about **a process**.
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### Surfaces
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* на столе
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* на пляже
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* на этаже
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### Processes
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* на уроке
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* на работе
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* на обеде
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### Directions
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* на севере
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* на юге
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* на западе
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* на востоке
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74
docs/Grammar/Possesive_Pronouns.md
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docs/Grammar/Possesive_Pronouns.md
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# Possessive Pronouns
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* Use possessive pronouns to show ownership
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For example: This is his cat
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## Singular
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### my
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| | Masculine | Feminine | Neutral | Plural |
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|---|-----------|----------|---------|--------|
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| Nominative Case | мой | моя | моё | мои |
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| Genitive Case | моего | моей | моего | моих |
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| Dative Case | моему | моей | моему | моим |
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| Accusative Case | мой | мою | моё | мои |
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| Instrumental Case | моим | моей | моим | моими |
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| Prepositional Case | моём | моей | моём | моих |
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### your
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| | Masculine | Feminine | Neutral | Plural |
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|---|-----------|----------|---------|--------|
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| Nominative Case | твой | твоя | твоё | твои |
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| Genitive Case | твоего | твоей | твоего | твоих |
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| Dative Case | твоему | твоей | твоему | твоим |
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| Accusative Case | твой | твою | твоё | твои |
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| Instrumental Case | твоим | твоей | твоим | твоими |
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| Prepositional Case | твоём | твоей | твоём | твоих |
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### his
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This is always: его
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### her
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This is always: её
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## Plural
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### our
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| | Masculine | Feminine | Neutral | Plural |
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|---|-----------|----------|---------|--------|
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| Nominative Case | наш | наша | наше | наши |
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| Genitive Case | нашего | нашей | нашего | наших |
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| Dative Case | нашему | нашей | нашему | нашим |
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| Accusative Case | наш | нашу | наше | наши |
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| Instrumental Case | нашим | нашей | нашим | нашими |
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| Prepositional Case | нашем | нашей | нашем | наших |
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### your
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| | Masculine | Feminine | Neutral | Plural |
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|---|-----------|----------|---------|--------|
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| Nominative Case | ваш | ваша | ваше | ваши |
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| Genitive Case | вашего | вашей | вашего | ваших |
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| Dative Case | вашему | вашей | вашему | вашим |
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| Accusative Case | ваш | вашу | ваше | ваши |
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| Instrumental Case | вашим | вашей | вашим | вашими |
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| Prepositional Case | вашем | вашей | вашем | ваших |
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### their
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This is always: их
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## Examples
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**This is my cat**
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Это моя кошка
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(Это, мой, кошка)
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